diff --git a/assets/css/_page/_single/_code.scss b/assets/css/_page/_single/_code.scss
index 9a8009e2..7825b4c6 100644
--- a/assets/css/_page/_single/_code.scss
+++ b/assets/css/_page/_single/_code.scss
@@ -532,11 +532,6 @@ pre {
         padding-block: 0.875rem;
       }
     }
-
-    // for code tabs, only show the first tab content before JS loaded
-    &[data-hidden] {
-      display: none;
-    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/assets/js/theme.js b/assets/js/theme.js
index 5312f811..ec29497c 100644
--- a/assets/js/theme.js
+++ b/assets/js/theme.js
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ class FixIt {
    * init code tabs
    */
   initCodeTabs() {
-    const $codeBlocks = document.querySelectorAll('.code-block[group]');
+    const $codeBlocks = document.querySelectorAll('.code-block[group]:not([data-tab-init])');
     const processed = new Set();
     
     Util.forEach($codeBlocks, ($block) => {
@@ -613,7 +613,6 @@ class FixIt {
       
       // collect consecutive blocks with same group
       while ($curr && $curr.classList?.contains('code-block') && $curr.getAttribute('group') === groupName) {
-        delete $curr.dataset.hidden;
         $tabs.push($curr);
         processed.add($curr);
         $curr = $curr.nextElementSibling;
@@ -701,6 +700,8 @@ class FixIt {
         // move block to content
         $tab.classList.toggle('active', activeTabIndex === index || defaultActiveTab);
         $tab.classList.remove('is-collapsed');
+        $tab.classList.remove('d-none');
+        $tab.dataset.tabInit = 'true';
         $content.appendChild($tab);
       });
       
@@ -1606,6 +1607,7 @@ class FixIt {
         }
         const $codeBlocks = $codeTabs.querySelectorAll('.code-block');
         $codeBlocks.forEach(($codeBlock) => {
+          delete $codeBlock.dataset.tabInit;
           $codeTabs.parentElement.insertBefore($codeBlock, $codeTabs);
         });
         $codeTabs.parentElement.removeChild($codeTabs);
diff --git a/layouts/_markup/render-codeblock-toggle.html b/layouts/_markup/render-codeblock-toggle.html
index b849d7e5..bb3eb682 100644
--- a/layouts/_markup/render-codeblock-toggle.html
+++ b/layouts/_markup/render-codeblock-toggle.html
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 {{- end -}}
 
 {{- if $ok -}}
-  {{- $pageID := .Page.RelPermalink | default .Page.File.Path -}}
-  {{- $seed := printf "%s|%s|%s" $pageID .Position .Inner -}}
-  {{- $group := printf "toggle-%s" (md5 $seed) -}}
+  {{- $groupId := printf "tab-%s" (md5 (dict "Page" .Page | partial "function/id.html")) -}}
   {{- $activeFormat := "" -}}
   {{- $raw := strings.TrimSpace .Inner -}}
   {{- range $candidate := slice "json" "toml" "yaml" -}}
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@
       {{- end -}}
     {{- end -}}
   {{- end -}}
-  {{- $commonAttrsStr := printf ", group=%q" $group -}}
+  {{- $commonAttrsStr := printf ", group=%q" $groupId -}}
   {{- if ne .Attributes.copyable nil -}}
     {{- $commonAttrsStr = printf "%s, copyable=%v" $commonAttrsStr .Attributes.copyable -}}
   {{- end -}}
@@ -43,8 +41,8 @@
   {{- if ne .Attributes.editable nil -}}
     {{- $commonAttrsStr = printf "%s, editable=%v" $commonAttrsStr .Attributes.editable -}}
   {{- end -}}
-  {{- if ne .Attributes.before_tabs nil -}}
-    {{- $commonAttrsStr = printf "%s, before_tabs=%q" $commonAttrsStr .Attributes.before_tabs -}}
+  {{- with .Attributes.before_tabs -}}
+    {{- $commonAttrsStr = printf "%s, before_tabs=%q" $commonAttrsStr . -}}
   {{- end -}}
   {{- $renderText := "" -}}
   {{- range $format := slice "toml" "yaml" "json" -}}
@@ -56,7 +54,8 @@
     {{- end -}}
     {{- $active := cond (eq $format $activeFormat) ", .active" "" -}}
     {{- $jsonViewer := cond (eq $format "json") ", enable=false" "" -}}
-    {{- $block := printf "```%s {name=%q%s%s%s}\n%s\n```\n\n" $format $format $active $jsonViewer $commonAttrsStr $content -}}
+    {{- $labelName := cond (ne $.Attributes.before_tabs nil) $format (upper $format) -}}
+    {{- $block := printf "```%s {name=%q%s%s%s}\n%s\n```\n\n" $format $labelName $active $jsonViewer $commonAttrsStr $content -}}
     {{- $renderText = add $renderText $block -}}
   {{- end -}}
   {{- $renderText | .Page.RenderString -}}
diff --git a/layouts/_partials/init/index.html b/layouts/_partials/init/index.html
index 73dc8141..1916e573 100644
--- a/layouts/_partials/init/index.html
+++ b/layouts/_partials/init/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{{- hugo.Store.Set "version" "v0.4.5-20260320034416-9e384b66" -}}
+{{- hugo.Store.Set "version" "v0.4.5-20260320160308-b0955598" -}}
 {{- .Store.Set "this" dict -}}
 
 {{- partial "init/detection-env.html" . -}}
diff --git a/layouts/_partials/plugin/code-block-wrapper.html b/layouts/_partials/plugin/code-block-wrapper.html
index e6f0e5e4..f50d2c50 100644
--- a/layouts/_partials/plugin/code-block-wrapper.html
+++ b/layouts/_partials/plugin/code-block-wrapper.html
@@ -71,12 +71,14 @@
     {{- $isFirst := not (.Page.Store.Get $groupKey) -}}
     {{- if $isFirst -}}
       {{- .Page.Store.Set $groupKey true -}}
+    {{- else -}}
+      {{- $targetClass = add $targetClass " d-none" -}}
     {{- end -}}
-    {{- $hidden := cond $isFirst "" " data-hidden" -}}
     {{- $wrapper =
       replace $wrapper
       (printf `class="%s"` $class)
-      (printf `class="%s" data-tab-group="%s" data-tab-title="%s"%s` $class $config.group $tabTitle $hidden) -}}
+      (printf `class="%s" data-tab-title="%s"` $class $tabTitle)
+    -}}
   {{- end -}}
   {{- if ne .Options.linenostart nil -}}
     {{- $wrapper =