Fix TailwindCSS related server rebuild issue

Fixes #13316
markup/goldmark: Trim space from blockquote render hook text
2026-08-27 16:58:53 +00:00 · 2025-01-29 15:48:19 +01:00 · 2025-01-24 19:58:45 +01:00 · 2025-01-24 17:27:02 +01:00 · 2025-01-24 15:31:44 +01:00 · 2025-01-24 15:25:54 +01:00
867 changed files with 14654 additions and 6767 deletions
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ parameters:
 defaults: &defaults
  resource_class: large
  docker:
-      - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser:1.22300.20200
+      - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser:1.22301.20401
 environment: &buildenv
      GOMODCACHE: /root/project/gomodcache
 version: 2
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
    environment:
        <<: [*buildenv]
    docker:
-    - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser-linux-arm64:1.22300.20200
+    - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser-linux-arm64:1.22301.20401
    steps:
      - *restore-cache
      - &attach-workspace
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 imports.*
 dist/
 public/
+.DS_Store 
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ See the [features] section of the documentation for a comprehensive summary of H
 <p float="left">
  <a href="https://www.linode.com/?utm_campaign=hugosponsor&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hugogithub" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme/master/assets/images/sponsors/linode-logo_standard_light_medium.png" width="200" alt="Linode"></a>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-  <a href="https://route4me.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme/master/assets/images/sponsors/Route4MeLogoBlueOnWhite.svg" width="200" alt="Route Planning & Route Optimization Software"></a>
-  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/go/?utm_source=OSS&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=hugo" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme/master/assets/images/sponsors/goland.svg" width="200" alt="The complete IDE crafted for professional Go developers."></a>
 </p>

@@ -103,6 +101,7 @@ Build the extended edition:
 ```text
 CGO_ENABLED=1 go install -tags extended github.com/gohugoio/hugo@latest
 ```
+
 ## Star History

 [![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=gohugoio/hugo&type=Timeline)](https://star-history.com/#gohugoio/hugo&Timeline)
@@ -149,153 +148,103 @@ Hugo stands on the shoulders of great open source libraries. Run `hugo env --log
 <summary>See current dependencies</summary>

 ```text
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata="v0.2.3"
-cloud.google.com/go/iam="v1.1.5"
-cloud.google.com/go/storage="v1.35.1"
-cloud.google.com/go="v0.110.10"
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore="v1.9.0"
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity="v1.4.0"
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal="v1.5.0"
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob="v1.2.0"
-github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/to="v0.4.0"
-github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go="v1.2.0"
 github.com/BurntSushi/locker="v0.0.0-20171006230638-a6e239ea1c69"
 github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2="v2.14.0"
 github.com/armon/go-radix="v1.0.1-0.20221118154546-54df44f2176c"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream="v1.5.4"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config="v1.26.1"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials="v1.16.12"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds="v1.14.10"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/s3/manager="v1.15.7"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources="v1.3.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2="v2.6.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini="v1.7.2"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a="v1.2.9"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/cloudfront="v1.35.4"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding="v1.10.4"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum="v1.2.9"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url="v1.10.9"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared="v1.16.9"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3="v1.47.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso="v1.18.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc="v1.21.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts="v1.26.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2="v1.26.1"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go="v1.50.7"
-github.com/aws/smithy-go="v1.20.2"
 github.com/bep/clocks="v0.5.0"
 github.com/bep/debounce="v1.2.0"
-github.com/bep/gitmap="v1.1.2"
+github.com/bep/gitmap="v1.6.0"
 github.com/bep/goat="v0.5.0"
-github.com/bep/godartsass/v2="v2.0.0"
-github.com/bep/godartsass="v1.2.0"
-github.com/bep/golibsass="v1.1.1"
+github.com/bep/godartsass/v2="v2.3.2"
+github.com/bep/golibsass="v1.2.0"
 github.com/bep/gowebp="v0.3.0"
-github.com/bep/lazycache="v0.4.0"
+github.com/bep/imagemeta="v0.8.3"
+github.com/bep/lazycache="v0.7.0"
 github.com/bep/logg="v0.4.0"
 github.com/bep/mclib="v1.20400.20402"
 github.com/bep/overlayfs="v0.9.2"
 github.com/bep/simplecobra="v0.4.0"
 github.com/bep/tmc="v0.5.1"
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2="v2.3.0"
 github.com/clbanning/mxj/v2="v2.7.0"
 github.com/cli/safeexec="v1.0.1"
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2="v2.0.3"
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2="v2.0.4"
 github.com/disintegration/gift="v1.2.1"
 github.com/dlclark/regexp2="v1.11.0"
-github.com/dustin/go-humanize="v1.0.1"
-github.com/evanw/esbuild="v0.21.4"
-github.com/fatih/color="v1.16.0"
+github.com/evanw/esbuild="v0.24.0"
+github.com/fatih/color="v1.18.0"
 github.com/frankban/quicktest="v1.14.6"
-github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify="v1.7.0"
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify="v1.8.0"
 github.com/getkin/kin-openapi="v0.123.0"
 github.com/ghodss/yaml="v1.0.0"
 github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer="v0.20.2"
 github.com/go-openapi/swag="v0.22.8"
-github.com/gobuffalo/flect="v1.0.2"
+github.com/gobuffalo/flect="v1.0.3"
 github.com/gobwas/glob="v0.2.3"
 github.com/gohugoio/go-i18n/v2="v2.1.3-0.20230805085216-e63c13218d0e"
+github.com/gohugoio/hashstructure="v0.1.0"
 github.com/gohugoio/httpcache="v0.7.0"
 github.com/gohugoio/hugo-goldmark-extensions/extras="v0.2.0"
-github.com/gohugoio/hugo-goldmark-extensions/passthrough="v0.2.0"
+github.com/gohugoio/hugo-goldmark-extensions/passthrough="v0.3.0"
 github.com/gohugoio/locales="v0.14.0"
 github.com/gohugoio/localescompressed="v1.0.1"
-github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5="v5.1.0"
-github.com/golang/groupcache="v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da"
-github.com/golang/protobuf="v1.5.3"
 github.com/google/go-cmp="v0.6.0"
-github.com/google/s2a-go="v0.1.7"
-github.com/google/uuid="v1.4.0"
-github.com/google/wire="v0.5.0"
-github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy="v0.3.2"
-github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2="v2.12.0"
-github.com/gorilla/websocket="v1.5.1"
-github.com/hairyhenderson/go-codeowners="v0.4.0"
+github.com/gorilla/websocket="v1.5.3"
+github.com/hairyhenderson/go-codeowners="v0.7.0"
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2="v2.0.7"
 github.com/invopop/yaml="v0.2.0"
 github.com/jdkato/prose="v1.2.1"
-github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath="v0.4.0"
 github.com/josharian/intern="v1.0.0"
 github.com/kr/pretty="v0.3.1"
 github.com/kr/text="v0.2.0"
-github.com/kylelemons/godebug="v1.1.0"
-github.com/kyokomi/emoji/v2="v2.2.12"
+github.com/kyokomi/emoji/v2="v2.2.13"
 github.com/mailru/easyjson="v0.7.7"
 github.com/makeworld-the-better-one/dither/v2="v2.4.0"
 github.com/marekm4/color-extractor="v1.2.1"
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable="v0.1.13"
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty="v0.0.20"
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth="v0.0.9"
-github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure="v1.1.0"
 github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure="v1.5.1-0.20231216201459-8508981c8b6c"
 github.com/mohae/deepcopy="v0.0.0-20170929034955-c48cc78d4826"
 github.com/muesli/smartcrop="v0.3.0"
 github.com/niklasfasching/go-org="v1.7.0"
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter="v0.0.5"
 github.com/pbnjay/memory="v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58"
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2="v2.2.2"
+github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2="v2.2.3"
 github.com/perimeterx/marshmallow="v1.1.5"
-github.com/pkg/browser="v0.0.0-20210911075715-681adbf594b8"
+github.com/pkg/browser="v0.0.0-20240102092130-5ac0b6a4141c"
 github.com/pkg/errors="v0.9.1"
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal="v1.12.0"
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal="v1.13.1"
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2="v2.1.0"
-github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif="v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd"
-github.com/sass/dart-sass/compiler="1.77.5"
-github.com/sass/dart-sass/implementation="1.77.5"
-github.com/sass/dart-sass/protocol="2.7.1"
-github.com/sass/libsass="3.6.5"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/compiler="1.81.0"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/implementation="1.81.0"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/protocol="3.1.0"
+github.com/sass/libsass="3.6.6"
 github.com/spf13/afero="v1.11.0"
-github.com/spf13/cast="v1.6.0"
-github.com/spf13/cobra="v1.8.0"
+github.com/spf13/cast="v1.7.1"
+github.com/spf13/cobra="v1.8.1"
 github.com/spf13/fsync="v0.10.1"
 github.com/spf13/pflag="v1.0.5"
-github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2="v2.20.20"
-github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2="v2.7.13"
+github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2="v2.20.37"
+github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2="v2.7.15"
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero="v1.8.2"
 github.com/webmproject/libwebp="v1.3.2"
-github.com/yuin/goldmark-emoji="v1.0.3"
-github.com/yuin/goldmark="v1.7.4"
-go.opencensus.io="v0.24.0"
+github.com/yuin/goldmark-emoji="v1.0.4"
+github.com/yuin/goldmark="v1.7.8"
 go.uber.org/automaxprocs="v1.5.3"
-gocloud.dev="v0.36.0"
-golang.org/x/crypto="v0.23.0"
+golang.org/x/crypto="v0.31.0"
 golang.org/x/exp="v0.0.0-20221031165847-c99f073a8326"
-golang.org/x/image="v0.16.0"
-golang.org/x/mod="v0.17.0"
-golang.org/x/net="v0.25.0"
-golang.org/x/oauth2="v0.15.0"
-golang.org/x/sync="v0.7.0"
-golang.org/x/sys="v0.20.0"
-golang.org/x/text="v0.15.0"
-golang.org/x/time="v0.5.0"
-golang.org/x/tools="v0.20.0"
-golang.org/x/xerrors="v0.0.0-20231012003039-104605ab7028"
-google.golang.org/api="v0.152.0"
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api="v0.0.0-20231120223509-83a465c0220f"
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc="v0.0.0-20231120223509-83a465c0220f"
-google.golang.org/genproto="v0.0.0-20231120223509-83a465c0220f"
-google.golang.org/grpc="v1.59.0"
-google.golang.org/protobuf="v1.33.0"
+golang.org/x/image="v0.22.0"
+golang.org/x/mod="v0.22.0"
+golang.org/x/net="v0.33.0"
+golang.org/x/sync="v0.10.0"
+golang.org/x/sys="v0.28.0"
+golang.org/x/text="v0.21.0"
+golang.org/x/tools="v0.28.0"
+google.golang.org/protobuf="v1.35.2"
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2="v2.4.0"
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3="v3.0.1"
+rsc.io/qr="v0.2.0"
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12="v0.2.0"
 ```
 </details>
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-# allow user to override go executable by running as GOEXE=xxx make ...
-GOEXE="${GOEXE-go}"
-
-# Convenience script to
-# - For a given branch
-# - Run  benchmark tests for a given package
-# - Do the same for master
-# - then compare the two runs with benchcmp
-
-benchFilter=".*"
-
-if (( $# < 2 ));
-  then
-    echo "USAGE: ./bench.sh <git-branch> <package-to-bench> (and <benchmark filter> (regexp, optional))"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-
-
-if [ $# -eq 3 ]; then
-  benchFilter=$3
-fi
-
-
-BRANCH=$1
-PACKAGE=$2
-
-git checkout $BRANCH
-"${GOEXE}" test -test.run=NONE -bench="$benchFilter" -test.benchmem=true ./$PACKAGE > /tmp/bench-$PACKAGE-$BRANCH.txt
-
-git checkout master
-"${GOEXE}" test -test.run=NONE -bench="$benchFilter" -test.benchmem=true ./$PACKAGE > /tmp/bench-$PACKAGE-master.txt
-
-
-benchcmp /tmp/bench-$PACKAGE-master.txt /tmp/bench-$PACKAGE-$BRANCH.txt
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# allow user to override go executable by running as GOEXE=xxx make ...
-GOEXE="${GOEXE-go}"
-
-# Send in a regexp matching the benchmarks you want to run, i.e. './benchSite.sh "YAML"'.
-# Note the quotes, which will be needed for more complex expressions.
-# The above will run all variations, but only for front matter YAML.
-
-echo "Running with BenchmarkSiteBuilding/${1}"
-
-"${GOEXE}" test -run="NONE" -bench="BenchmarkSiteBuilding/${1}" -test.benchmem=true ./hugolib -memprofile mem.prof -count 3 -cpuprofile cpu.prof
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-gobench -package=./hugolib -bench="BenchmarkSiteNew/Deep_content_tree"
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-docker run --rm --mount type=bind,source="$(pwd)",target=/hugo -w /hugo  -i -t bepsays/ci-goreleaser:1.11-2 /bin/bash
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ type configKey struct {
 type rootCommand struct {
 	Printf  func(format string, v ...interface{})
 	Println func(a ...interface{})
-	Out     io.Writer
+	StdOut  io.Writer
+	StdErr  io.Writer

 	logger loggers.Logger

@@ -356,7 +357,7 @@ func (r *rootCommand) getOrCreateHugo(cfg config.Provider, ignoreModuleDoesNotEx
 }

 func (r *rootCommand) newDepsConfig(conf *commonConfig) deps.DepsCfg {
-	return deps.DepsCfg{Configs: conf.configs, Fs: conf.fs, LogOut: r.logger.Out(), LogLevel: r.logger.Level(), ChangesFromBuild: r.changesFromBuild}
+	return deps.DepsCfg{Configs: conf.configs, Fs: conf.fs, StdOut: r.logger.StdOut(), StdErr: r.logger.StdErr(), LogLevel: r.logger.Level(), ChangesFromBuild: r.changesFromBuild}
 }

 func (r *rootCommand) Name() string {
@@ -421,21 +422,23 @@ func (r *rootCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args
 }

 func (r *rootCommand) PreRun(cd, runner *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
-	r.Out = os.Stdout
+	r.StdOut = os.Stdout
+	r.StdErr = os.Stderr
 	if r.quiet {
-		r.Out = io.Discard
+		r.StdOut = io.Discard
+		r.StdErr = io.Discard
 	}
 	// Used by mkcert (server).
-	log.SetOutput(r.Out)
+	log.SetOutput(r.StdOut)

 	r.Printf = func(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 		if !r.quiet {
-			fmt.Fprintf(r.Out, format, v...)
+			fmt.Fprintf(r.StdOut, format, v...)
 		}
 	}
 	r.Println = func(a ...interface{}) {
 		if !r.quiet {
-			fmt.Fprintln(r.Out, a...)
+			fmt.Fprintln(r.StdOut, a...)
 		}
 	}
 	_, running := runner.Command.(*serverCommand)
@@ -444,6 +447,8 @@ func (r *rootCommand) PreRun(cd, runner *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// Set up the global logger early to allow info deprecations during config load.
+	loggers.InitGlobalLogger(r.logger.Level(), false)

 	r.changesFromBuild = make(chan []identity.Identity, 10)

@@ -485,8 +490,8 @@ func (r *rootCommand) createLogger(running bool) (loggers.Logger, error) {
 	optsLogger := loggers.Options{
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
 		Level:         level,
-		Stdout:        r.Out,
-		Stderr:        r.Out,
+		StdOut:        r.StdOut,
+		StdErr:        r.StdErr,
 		StoreErrors:   running,
 	}

@@ -535,6 +540,7 @@ Complete documentation is available at https://gohugo.io/.`
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("themesDir", "", "", "filesystem path to themes directory")
 	_ = cmd.MarkFlagDirname("themesDir")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("ignoreVendorPaths", "", "", "ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern")
+	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolP("noBuildLock", "", false, "don't create .hugo_build.lock file")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("ignoreVendorPaths", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().String("clock", "", "set the clock used by Hugo, e.g. --clock 2021-11-06T22:30:00.00+09:00")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("clock", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
@@ -590,7 +596,6 @@ func applyLocalFlagsBuild(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&r.forceSyncStatic, "forceSyncStatic", false, "copy all files when static is changed.")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("noTimes", "", false, "don't sync modification time of files")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("noChmod", "", false, "don't sync permission mode of files")
-	cmd.Flags().BoolP("noBuildLock", "", false, "don't create .hugo_build.lock file")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("printI18nWarnings", "", false, "print missing translations")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("printPathWarnings", "", false, "print warnings on duplicate target paths etc.")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("printUnusedTemplates", "", false, "print warnings on unused templates.")
@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ func newConfigCommand() *configCommand {
 type configCommand struct {
 	r *rootCommand

-	format string
-	lang   string
+	format    string
+	lang      string
+	printZero bool

 	commands []simplecobra.Commander
 }
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ func (c *configCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, arg
 	dec.SetIndent("", "  ")
 	dec.SetEscapeHTML(false)

-	if err := dec.Encode(parser.ReplacingJSONMarshaller{Value: config, KeysToLower: true, OmitEmpty: true}); err != nil {
+	if err := dec.Encode(parser.ReplacingJSONMarshaller{Value: config, KeysToLower: true, OmitEmpty: !c.printZero}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ func (c *configCommand) Init(cd *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&c.format, "format", "toml", "preferred file format (toml, yaml or json)")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("format", cobra.FixedCompletions([]string{"toml", "yaml", "json"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp))
 	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&c.lang, "lang", "", "the language to display config for. Defaults to the first language defined.")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.printZero, "printZero", false, `include config options with zero values (e.g. false, 0, "") in the output`)
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("lang", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
 	applyLocalFlagsBuildConfig(cmd, c.r)

@@ -75,7 +75,9 @@ See https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html for a preview of the availabl
 					return err
 				}
 				formatter := html.New(html.WithAllClasses(true))
-				formatter.WriteCSS(os.Stdout, style)
+				w := os.Stdout
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "/* Generated using: hugo %s */\n\n", strings.Join(os.Args[1:], " "))
+				formatter.WriteCSS(w, style)
 				return nil
 			},
 			withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ type hugoBuilder struct {

 	// Currently only set when in "fast render mode".
 	changeDetector *fileChangeDetector
-	visitedURLs    *types.EvictingStringQueue
+	visitedURLs    *types.EvictingQueue[string]

 	fullRebuildSem *semaphore.Weighted
 	debounce       func(f func())
@@ -920,7 +920,11 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,

 			changed := c.changeDetector.changed()
 			if c.changeDetector != nil {
-				lrl.Logf("build changed %d files", len(changed))
+				if len(changed) >= 10 {
+					lrl.Logf("build changed %d files", len(changed))
+				} else {
+					lrl.Logf("build changed %d files: %q", len(changed), changed)
+				}
 				if len(changed) == 0 {
 					// Nothing has changed.
 					return
@@ -966,7 +970,7 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 					pathToRefresh := h.PathSpec.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(otherChanges[0]), false)
 					lrl.Logf("refreshing %q", pathToRefresh)
 					livereload.RefreshPath(pathToRefresh)
-				} else if len(cssChanges) == 0 {
+				} else if len(cssChanges) == 0 || len(otherChanges) > 1 {
 					lrl.Logf("force refresh")
 					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 				}
@@ -1099,7 +1103,7 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) rebuildSites(events []fsnotify.Event) (err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, RecentlyVisited: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()}, events...)
+	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, RecentlyTouched: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()}, events...)
 	return
 }

@@ -1115,7 +1119,7 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) rebuildSitesForChanges(ids []identity.Identity) (err error
 	}
 	whatChanged := &hugolib.WhatChanged{}
 	whatChanged.Add(ids...)
-	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, WhatChanged: whatChanged, RecentlyVisited: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()})
+	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, WhatChanged: whatChanged, RecentlyTouched: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()})

 	return
 }
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 			return err
 		}

-		writer := csv.NewWriter(r.Out)
+		writer := csv.NewWriter(r.StdOut)
 		defer writer.Flush()

 		writer.Write([]string{
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -84,9 +85,9 @@ const (
 )

 func newHugoBuilder(r *rootCommand, s *serverCommand, onConfigLoaded ...func(reloaded bool) error) *hugoBuilder {
-	var visitedURLs *types.EvictingStringQueue
+	var visitedURLs *types.EvictingQueue[string]
 	if s != nil && !s.disableFastRender {
-		visitedURLs = types.NewEvictingStringQueue(20)
+		visitedURLs = types.NewEvictingQueue[string](20)
 	}
 	return &hugoBuilder{
 		r:              r,
@@ -210,16 +211,17 @@ func (f *fileChangeDetector) changed() []string {
 		}
 	}

-	return f.filterIrrelevant(c)
+	return f.filterIrrelevantAndSort(c)
 }

-func (f *fileChangeDetector) filterIrrelevant(in []string) []string {
+func (f *fileChangeDetector) filterIrrelevantAndSort(in []string) []string {
 	var filtered []string
 	for _, v := range in {
 		if !f.irrelevantRe.MatchString(v) {
 			filtered = append(filtered, v)
 		}
 	}
+	sort.Strings(filtered)
 	return filtered
 }

@@ -362,7 +364,10 @@ func (f *fileServer) createEndpoint(i int) (*http.ServeMux, net.Listener, string
 			}

 			if f.c.fastRenderMode && f.c.errState.buildErr() == nil {
-				if strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "/") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "html") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "htm") {
+				// Sec-Fetch-Mode should be sent by all recent browser versions, see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Sec-Fetch-Mode#navigate
+				// Fall back to the file extension if not set.
+				// The main take here is that we don't want to have CSS/JS files etc. partake in this logic.
+				if r.Header.Get("Sec-Fetch-Mode") == "navigate" || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "/") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "html") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "htm") {
 					if !f.c.visitedURLs.Contains(requestURI) {
 						// If not already on stack, re-render that single page.
 						if err := f.c.partialReRender(requestURI); err != nil {
@@ -836,7 +841,7 @@ func (c *serverCommand) partialReRender(urls ...string) (err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		c.errState.setWasErr(false)
 	}()
-	visited := types.NewEvictingStringQueue(len(urls))
+	visited := types.NewEvictingQueue[string](len(urls))
 	for _, url := range urls {
 		visited.Add(url)
 	}
@@ -848,7 +853,7 @@ func (c *serverCommand) partialReRender(urls ...string) (err error) {
 	}

 	// Note: We do not set NoBuildLock as the file lock is not acquired at this stage.
-	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: false, RecentlyVisited: visited, PartialReRender: true, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()})
+	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: false, RecentlyTouched: visited, PartialReRender: true, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()})

 	return
 }
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const (
 	ResourceTransformationFingerprint = "fingerprint"
 )

-// IsResourceTransformationLinkChange returns whether the given name is a resource transformation that changes the permalink based on the content.
+// IsResourceTransformationPermalinkHash returns whether the given name is a resource transformation that changes the permalink based on the content.
 func IsResourceTransformationPermalinkHash(name string) bool {
 	return name == ResourceTransformationFingerprint
 }
@@ -38,6 +38,19 @@ func XXHashFromReader(r io.Reader) (uint64, int64, error) {
 	return h.Sum64(), size, nil
 }

+// XxHashFromReaderHexEncoded calculates the xxHash for the given reader
+// and returns the hash as a hex encoded string.
+func XxHashFromReaderHexEncoded(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
+	h := getXxHashReadFrom()
+	defer putXxHashReadFrom(h)
+	_, err := io.Copy(h, r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	hash := h.Sum(nil)
+	return hex.EncodeToString(hash), nil
+}
+
 // XXHashFromString calculates the xxHash for the given string.
 func XXHashFromString(s string) (uint64, error) {
 	h := xxhash.New()
@@ -70,6 +83,13 @@ func HashString(vs ...any) string {
 	return strconv.FormatUint(hash, 10)
 }

+// HashStringHex returns a hash from the given elements as a hex encoded string.
+// See HashString for more information.
+func HashStringHex(vs ...any) string {
+	hash := HashUint64(vs...)
+	return strconv.FormatUint(hash, 16)
+}
+
 var hashOptsPool = sync.Pool{
 	New: func() any {
 		return &hashstructure.HashOptions{
@@ -103,16 +123,24 @@ func HashUint64(vs ...any) uint64 {
 		o = elements
 	}

-	hashOpts := getHashOpts()
-	defer putHashOpts(hashOpts)
-
-	hash, err := hashstructure.Hash(o, hashOpts)
+	hash, err := Hash(o)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	return hash
 }

+// Hash returns a hash from vs.
+func Hash(vs ...any) (uint64, error) {
+	hashOpts := getHashOpts()
+	defer putHashOpts(hashOpts)
+	var v any = vs
+	if len(vs) == 1 {
+		v = vs[0]
+	}
+	return hashstructure.Hash(v, hashOpts)
+}
+
 type keyer interface {
 	Key() string
 }
@@ -142,3 +142,16 @@ func BenchmarkHashString(b *testing.B) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkHashMap(b *testing.B) {
+	m := map[string]interface{}{}
+	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+		m[fmt.Sprintf("key%d", i)] = i
+	}
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		HashString(m)
+	}
+}
@@ -133,6 +133,21 @@ func IsNotExist(err error) bool {
 	return false
 }

+// IsExist returns true if the error is a file exists error.
+// Unlike os.IsExist, this also considers wrapped errors.
+func IsExist(err error) bool {
+	if os.IsExist(err) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// os.IsExist does not consider wrapped errors.
+	if os.IsExist(errors.Unwrap(err)) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
 var nilPointerErrRe = regexp.MustCompile(`at <(.*)>: error calling (.*?): runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference`)

 const deferredPrefix = "__hdeferred/"
@@ -258,8 +258,27 @@ func openFile(filename string, fs afero.Fs) (afero.File, string, error) {
 	return f, realFilename, nil
 }

-// Cause returns the underlying error or itself if it does not implement Unwrap.
+// Cause returns the underlying error, that is,
+// it unwraps errors until it finds one that does not implement
+// the Unwrap method.
+// For a shallow variant, see Unwrap.
 func Cause(err error) error {
+	type unwrapper interface {
+		Unwrap() error
+	}
+
+	for err != nil {
+		cause, ok := err.(unwrapper)
+		if !ok {
+			break
+		}
+		err = cause.Unwrap()
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// Unwrap returns the underlying error or itself if it does not implement Unwrap.
+func Unwrap(err error) error {
 	if u := errors.Unwrap(err); u != nil {
 		return u
 	}
@@ -267,7 +286,7 @@ func Cause(err error) error {
 }

 func extractFileTypePos(err error) (string, text.Position) {
-	err = Cause(err)
+	err = Unwrap(err)

 	var fileType string

@@ -384,7 +403,7 @@ func extractPosition(e error) (pos text.Position) {
 	case godartsass.SassError:
 		span := v.Span
 		start := span.Start
-		filename, _ := paths.UrlToFilename(span.Url)
+		filename, _ := paths.UrlStringToFilename(span.Url)
 		pos.Filename = filename
 		pos.Offset = start.Offset
 		pos.ColumnNumber = start.Column
@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

+	"github.com/bep/logg"
 	"github.com/cli/safeexec"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config/security"
 )
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ var WithEnviron = func(env []string) func(c *commandeer) {
 }

 // New creates a new Exec using the provided security config.
-func New(cfg security.Config, workingDir string) *Exec {
+func New(cfg security.Config, workingDir string, log loggers.Logger) *Exec {
 	var baseEnviron []string
 	for _, v := range os.Environ() {
 		k, _ := config.SplitEnvVar(v)
@@ -96,9 +99,11 @@ func New(cfg security.Config, workingDir string) *Exec {
 	}

 	return &Exec{
-		sc:          cfg,
-		workingDir:  workingDir,
-		baseEnviron: baseEnviron,
+		sc:                cfg,
+		workingDir:        workingDir,
+		infol:             log.InfoCommand("exec"),
+		baseEnviron:       baseEnviron,
+		newNPXRunnerCache: maps.NewCache[string, func(arg ...any) (Runner, error)](),
 	}
 }

@@ -124,12 +129,14 @@ func SafeCommand(name string, arg ...string) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
 type Exec struct {
 	sc         security.Config
 	workingDir string
+	infol      logg.LevelLogger

 	// os.Environ filtered by the Exec.OsEnviron whitelist filter.
 	baseEnviron []string

-	npxInit      sync.Once
-	npxAvailable bool
+	newNPXRunnerCache *maps.Cache[string, func(arg ...any) (Runner, error)]
+	npxInit           sync.Once
+	npxAvailable      bool
 }

 func (e *Exec) New(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
@@ -155,25 +162,86 @@ func (e *Exec) new(name string, fullyQualifiedName string, arg ...any) (Runner,
 	return cm.command(arg...)
 }

+type binaryLocation int
+
+func (b binaryLocation) String() string {
+	switch b {
+	case binaryLocationNodeModules:
+		return "node_modules/.bin"
+	case binaryLocationNpx:
+		return "npx"
+	case binaryLocationPath:
+		return "PATH"
+	}
+	return "unknown"
+}
+
+const (
+	binaryLocationNodeModules binaryLocation = iota + 1
+	binaryLocationNpx
+	binaryLocationPath
+)
+
 // Npx will in order:
 // 1. Try fo find the binary in the WORKINGDIR/node_modules/.bin directory.
 // 2. If not found, and npx is available, run npx --no-install <name> <args>.
 // 3. Fall back to the PATH.
+// If name is "tailwindcss", we will try the PATH as the second option.
 func (e *Exec) Npx(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
-	// npx is slow, so first try the common case.
-	nodeBinFilename := filepath.Join(e.workingDir, nodeModulesBinPath, name)
-	_, err := safeexec.LookPath(nodeBinFilename)
-	if err == nil {
-		return e.new(name, nodeBinFilename, arg...)
+	if err := e.sc.CheckAllowedExec(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	e.checkNpx()
-	if e.npxAvailable {
-		r, err := e.npx(name, arg...)
-		if err == nil {
-			return r, nil
+
+	newRunner, err := e.newNPXRunnerCache.GetOrCreate(name, func() (func(...any) (Runner, error), error) {
+		type tryFunc func() func(...any) (Runner, error)
+		tryFuncs := map[binaryLocation]tryFunc{
+			binaryLocationNodeModules: func() func(...any) (Runner, error) {
+				nodeBinFilename := filepath.Join(e.workingDir, nodeModulesBinPath, name)
+				_, err := safeexec.LookPath(nodeBinFilename)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil
+				}
+				return func(arg2 ...any) (Runner, error) {
+					return e.new(name, nodeBinFilename, arg2...)
+				}
+			},
+			binaryLocationNpx: func() func(...any) (Runner, error) {
+				e.checkNpx()
+				if !e.npxAvailable {
+					return nil
+				}
+				return func(arg2 ...any) (Runner, error) {
+					return e.npx(name, arg2...)
+				}
+			},
+			binaryLocationPath: func() func(...any) (Runner, error) {
+				if _, err := safeexec.LookPath(name); err != nil {
+					return nil
+				}
+				return func(arg2 ...any) (Runner, error) {
+					return e.New(name, arg2...)
+				}
+			},
 		}
+
+		locations := []binaryLocation{binaryLocationNodeModules, binaryLocationNpx, binaryLocationPath}
+		if name == "tailwindcss" {
+			// See https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/13221#issuecomment-2574801253
+			locations = []binaryLocation{binaryLocationNodeModules, binaryLocationPath, binaryLocationNpx}
+		}
+		for _, loc := range locations {
+			if f := tryFuncs[loc](); f != nil {
+				e.infol.Logf("resolve %q using %s", name, loc)
+				return f, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return nil, &NotFoundError{name: name, method: fmt.Sprintf("in %s", locations[len(locations)-1])}
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return e.New(name, arg...)
+
+	return newRunner(arg...)
 }

 const (
@@ -223,6 +223,27 @@ func AsTime(v reflect.Value, loc *time.Location) (time.Time, bool) {
 	return time.Time{}, false
 }

+// ToSliceAny converts the given value to a slice of any if possible.
+func ToSliceAny(v any) ([]any, bool) {
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	switch vv := v.(type) {
+	case []any:
+		return vv, true
+	default:
+		vvv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
+		if vvv.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
+			out := make([]any, vvv.Len())
+			for i := 0; i < vvv.Len(); i++ {
+				out[i] = vvv.Index(i).Interface()
+			}
+			return out, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
 func CallMethodByName(cxt context.Context, name string, v reflect.Value) []reflect.Value {
 	fn := v.MethodByName(name)
 	var args []reflect.Value
@@ -50,6 +50,19 @@ func TestIsContextType(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(IsContextType(reflect.TypeOf(valueCtx)), qt.IsTrue)
 }

+func TestToSliceAny(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	checkOK := func(in any, expected []any) {
+		out, ok := ToSliceAny(in)
+		c.Assert(ok, qt.Equals, true)
+		c.Assert(out, qt.DeepEquals, expected)
+	}
+
+	checkOK([]any{1, 2, 3}, []any{1, 2, 3})
+	checkOK([]int{1, 2, 3}, []any{1, 2, 3})
+}
+
 func BenchmarkIsContextType(b *testing.B) {
 	type k string
 	b.Run("value", func(b *testing.B) {
@@ -48,16 +48,16 @@ func TestHasBytesWriter(t *testing.T) {

 	for i := 0; i < 22; i++ {
 		h, w := neww()
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __foobar"+rndStr())
+		fmt.Fprint(w, rndStr()+"abc __foobar"+rndStr())
 		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, true)

 		h, w = neww()
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __f")
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "oo bar"+rndStr())
+		fmt.Fprint(w, rndStr()+"abc __f")
+		fmt.Fprint(w, "oo bar"+rndStr())
 		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, true)

 		h, w = neww()
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __moo bar")
+		fmt.Fprint(w, rndStr()+"abc __moo bar")
 		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, false)
 	}

@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ type StringReader interface {
 	ReadString() string
 }

-// NewReadSeekerNoOpCloserFromString uses strings.NewReader to create a new ReadSeekerNoOpCloser
+// NewReadSeekerNoOpCloserFromBytes uses bytes.NewReader to create a new ReadSeekerNoOpCloser
 // from the given bytes slice.
 func NewReadSeekerNoOpCloserFromBytes(content []byte) readSeekerNopCloser {
 	return readSeekerNopCloser{bytes.NewReader(content)}
 }

-// NewReadSeekCloser creates a new ReadSeekCloser from the given ReadSeeker.
+// NewOpenReadSeekCloser creates a new ReadSeekCloser from the given ReadSeeker.
 // The ReadSeeker will be seeked to the beginning before returned.
 func NewOpenReadSeekCloser(r ReadSeekCloser) OpenReadSeekCloser {
 	return func() (ReadSeekCloser, error) {
@@ -423,10 +423,10 @@ func DeprecateLevel(item, alternative, version string, level logg.Level) {
 		msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s was deprecated in Hugo %s and will be removed in a future release. %s", item, version, alternative)
 	}

-	loggers.Log().Logger().WithLevel(level).WithField(loggers.FieldNameCmd, "deprecated").Logf(msg)
+	loggers.Log().Logger().WithLevel(level).WithField(loggers.FieldNameCmd, "deprecated").Logf("%s", msg)
 }

-// We ususally do about one minor version a month.
+// We usually do about one minor version a month.
 // We want people to run at least the current and previous version without any warnings.
 // We want people who don't update Hugo that often to see the warnings and errors before we remove the feature.
 func deprecationLogLevelFromVersion(ver string) logg.Level {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ package hugo
 // This should be the only one.
 var CurrentVersion = Version{
 	Major:      0,
-	Minor:      140,
+	Minor:      143,
 	PatchLevel: 0,
 	Suffix:     "-DEV",
 }
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ func newNoAnsiEscapeHandler(outWriter, errWriter io.Writer, noLevelPrefix bool,

 type noAnsiEscapeHandler struct {
 	mu            sync.Mutex
-	outWriter     io.Writer // Defaults to os.Stdout.
-	errWriter     io.Writer // Defaults to os.Stderr.
+	outWriter     io.Writer
+	errWriter     io.Writer
 	predicate     func(*logg.Entry) bool
 	noLevelPrefix bool
 }
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ var (
 // Options defines options for the logger.
 type Options struct {
 	Level              logg.Level
-	Stdout             io.Writer
-	Stderr             io.Writer
+	StdOut             io.Writer
+	StdErr             io.Writer
 	DistinctLevel      logg.Level
 	StoreErrors        bool
 	HandlerPost        func(e *logg.Entry) error
@@ -48,21 +48,22 @@ type Options struct {

 // New creates a new logger with the given options.
 func New(opts Options) Logger {
-	if opts.Stdout == nil {
-		opts.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	if opts.StdOut == nil {
+		opts.StdOut = os.Stdout
 	}
-	if opts.Stderr == nil {
-		opts.Stderr = os.Stdout
+	if opts.StdErr == nil {
+		opts.StdErr = os.Stderr
 	}
+
 	if opts.Level == 0 {
 		opts.Level = logg.LevelWarn
 	}

 	var logHandler logg.Handler
-	if terminal.PrintANSIColors(os.Stdout) {
-		logHandler = newDefaultHandler(opts.Stdout, opts.Stderr)
+	if terminal.PrintANSIColors(os.Stderr) {
+		logHandler = newDefaultHandler(opts.StdErr, opts.StdErr)
 	} else {
-		logHandler = newNoAnsiEscapeHandler(opts.Stdout, opts.Stderr, false, nil)
+		logHandler = newNoAnsiEscapeHandler(opts.StdErr, opts.StdErr, false, nil)
 	}

 	errorsw := &strings.Builder{}
@@ -137,7 +138,8 @@ func New(opts Options) Logger {
 		logCounters: logCounters,
 		errors:      errorsw,
 		reset:       reset,
-		out:         opts.Stdout,
+		stdOut:      opts.StdOut,
+		stdErr:      opts.StdErr,
 		level:       opts.Level,
 		logger:      logger,
 		tracel:      l.WithLevel(logg.LevelTrace),
@@ -153,8 +155,6 @@ func NewDefault() Logger {
 	opts := Options{
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
 		Level:         logg.LevelWarn,
-		Stdout:        os.Stdout,
-		Stderr:        os.Stdout,
 	}
 	return New(opts)
 }
@@ -163,8 +163,6 @@ func NewTrace() Logger {
 	opts := Options{
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
 		Level:         logg.LevelTrace,
-		Stdout:        os.Stdout,
-		Stderr:        os.Stdout,
 	}
 	return New(opts)
 }
@@ -189,7 +187,8 @@ type Logger interface {
 	Level() logg.Level
 	LoggCount(logg.Level) int
 	Logger() logg.Logger
-	Out() io.Writer
+	StdOut() io.Writer
+	StdErr() io.Writer
 	Printf(format string, v ...any)
 	Println(v ...any)
 	PrintTimerIfDelayed(start time.Time, name string)
@@ -207,7 +206,8 @@ type logAdapter struct {
 	logCounters *logLevelCounter
 	errors      *strings.Builder
 	reset       func()
-	out         io.Writer
+	stdOut      io.Writer
+	stdErr      io.Writer
 	level       logg.Level
 	logger      logg.Logger
 	tracel      logg.LevelLogger
@@ -259,8 +259,12 @@ func (l *logAdapter) Logger() logg.Logger {
 	return l.logger
 }

-func (l *logAdapter) Out() io.Writer {
-	return l.out
+func (l *logAdapter) StdOut() io.Writer {
+	return l.stdOut
+}
+
+func (l *logAdapter) StdErr() io.Writer {
+	return l.stdErr
 }

 // PrintTimerIfDelayed prints a time statement to the FEEDBACK logger
@@ -271,7 +275,7 @@ func (l *logAdapter) PrintTimerIfDelayed(start time.Time, name string) {
 	if milli < 500 {
 		return
 	}
-	l.Printf("%s in %v ms", name, milli)
+	fmt.Fprintf(l.stdErr, "%s in %v ms", name, milli)
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Printf(format string, v ...any) {
@@ -279,11 +283,11 @@ func (l *logAdapter) Printf(format string, v ...any) {
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(format, "\n") {
 		format += "\n"
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(l.out, format, v...)
+	fmt.Fprintf(l.stdOut, format, v...)
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Println(v ...any) {
-	fmt.Fprintln(l.out, v...)
+	fmt.Fprintln(l.stdOut, v...)
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Reset() {
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ func TestLogDistinct(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := loggers.Options{
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
 		StoreErrors:   true,
-		Stdout:        io.Discard,
-		Stderr:        io.Discard,
+		StdOut:        io.Discard,
+		StdErr:        io.Discard,
 	}

 	l := loggers.New(opts)
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ func TestHookLast(t *testing.T) {
 		HandlerPost: func(e *logg.Entry) error {
 			panic(e.Message)
 		},
-		Stdout: io.Discard,
-		Stderr: io.Discard,
+		StdOut: io.Discard,
+		StdErr: io.Discard,
 	}

 	l := loggers.New(opts)
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ func TestOptionStoreErrors(t *testing.T) {

 	opts := loggers.Options{
 		StoreErrors: true,
-		Stderr:      &sb,
-		Stdout:      &sb,
+		StdErr:      &sb,
+		StdOut:      &sb,
 	}

 	l := loggers.New(opts)
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ func TestReset(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := loggers.Options{
 		StoreErrors:   true,
 		DistinctLevel: logg.LevelWarn,
-		Stdout:        io.Discard,
-		Stderr:        io.Discard,
+		StdOut:        io.Discard,
+		StdErr:        io.Discard,
 	}

 	l := loggers.New(opts)
@@ -113,11 +113,14 @@ func (c *Cache[K, T]) set(key K, value T) {
 }

 // ForEeach calls the given function for each key/value pair in the cache.
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) ForEeach(f func(K, T)) {
+// If the function returns false, the iteration stops.
+func (c *Cache[K, T]) ForEeach(f func(K, T) bool) {
 	c.RLock()
 	defer c.RUnlock()
 	for k, v := range c.m {
-		f(k, v)
+		if !f(k, v) {
+			return
+		}
 	}
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package maps
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hashing"
+)
+
+// Ordered is a map that can be iterated in the order of insertion.
+// Note that insertion order is not affected if a key is re-inserted into the map.
+// In a nil map, all operations are no-ops.
+// This is not thread safe.
+type Ordered[K comparable, T any] struct {
+	// The keys in the order they were added.
+	keys []K
+	// The values.
+	values map[K]T
+}
+
+// NewOrdered creates a new Ordered map.
+func NewOrdered[K comparable, T any]() *Ordered[K, T] {
+	return &Ordered[K, T]{values: make(map[K]T)}
+}
+
+// Set sets the value for the given key.
+// Note that insertion order is not affected if a key is re-inserted into the map.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Set(key K, value T) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	// Check if key already exists.
+	if _, found := m.values[key]; !found {
+		m.keys = append(m.keys, key)
+	}
+	m.values[key] = value
+}
+
+// Get gets the value for the given key.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Get(key K) (T, bool) {
+	if m == nil {
+		var v T
+		return v, false
+	}
+	value, found := m.values[key]
+	return value, found
+}
+
+// Delete deletes the value for the given key.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Delete(key K) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	delete(m.values, key)
+	for i, k := range m.keys {
+		if k == key {
+			m.keys = append(m.keys[:i], m.keys[i+1:]...)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Clone creates a shallow copy of the map.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Clone() *Ordered[K, T] {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	clone := NewOrdered[K, T]()
+	for _, k := range m.keys {
+		clone.Set(k, m.values[k])
+	}
+	return clone
+}
+
+// Keys returns the keys in the order they were added.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Keys() []K {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return m.keys
+}
+
+// Values returns the values in the order they were added.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Values() []T {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var values []T
+	for _, k := range m.keys {
+		values = append(values, m.values[k])
+	}
+	return values
+}
+
+// Len returns the number of items in the map.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Len() int {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return len(m.keys)
+}
+
+// Range calls f sequentially for each key and value present in the map.
+// If f returns false, range stops the iteration.
+// TODO(bep) replace with iter.Seq2 when we bump go Go 1.24.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Range(f func(key K, value T) bool) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, k := range m.keys {
+		if !f(k, m.values[k]) {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Hash calculates a hash from the values.
+func (m *Ordered[K, T]) Hash() (uint64, error) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	return hashing.Hash(m.values)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package maps
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
+)
+
+func TestOrdered(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	m := NewOrdered[string, int]()
+	m.Set("a", 1)
+	m.Set("b", 2)
+	m.Set("c", 3)
+
+	c.Assert(m.Keys(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"a", "b", "c"})
+	c.Assert(m.Values(), qt.DeepEquals, []int{1, 2, 3})
+
+	v, found := m.Get("b")
+	c.Assert(found, qt.Equals, true)
+	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, 2)
+
+	m.Set("b", 22)
+	c.Assert(m.Keys(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"a", "b", "c"})
+	c.Assert(m.Values(), qt.DeepEquals, []int{1, 22, 3})
+
+	m.Delete("b")
+
+	c.Assert(m.Keys(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"a", "c"})
+	c.Assert(m.Values(), qt.DeepEquals, []int{1, 3})
+}
+
+func TestOrderedHash(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	m := NewOrdered[string, int]()
+	m.Set("a", 1)
+	m.Set("b", 2)
+	m.Set("c", 3)
+
+	h1, err := m.Hash()
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+
+	m.Set("d", 4)
+
+	h2, err := m.Hash()
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+
+	c.Assert(h1, qt.Not(qt.Equals), h2)
+
+	m = NewOrdered[string, int]()
+	m.Set("b", 2)
+	m.Set("a", 1)
+	m.Set("c", 3)
+
+	h3, err := m.Hash()
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	// Order does not matter.
+	c.Assert(h1, qt.Equals, h3)
+}
+
+func TestOrderedNil(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	var m *Ordered[string, int]
+
+	m.Set("a", 1)
+	c.Assert(m.Keys(), qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(m.Values(), qt.IsNil)
+	v, found := m.Get("a")
+	c.Assert(found, qt.Equals, false)
+	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, 0)
+	m.Delete("a")
+	var b bool
+	m.Range(func(k string, v int) bool {
+		b = true
+		return true
+	})
+	c.Assert(b, qt.Equals, false)
+	c.Assert(m.Len(), qt.Equals, 0)
+	c.Assert(m.Clone(), qt.IsNil)
+	h, err := m.Hash()
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(h, qt.Equals, uint64(0))
+}
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func TestScratchSetInMap(t *testing.T) {
 	scratch.SetInMap("key", "zyx", "Zyx")
 	scratch.SetInMap("key", "abc", "Abc (updated)")
 	scratch.SetInMap("key", "def", "Def")
-	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, []any{0: "Abc (updated)", 1: "Def", 2: "Lux", 3: "Zyx"})
+	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, any([]any{"Abc (updated)", "Def", "Lux", "Zyx"}))
 }

 func TestScratchDeleteInMap(t *testing.T) {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func TestScratchDeleteInMap(t *testing.T) {
 	scratch.DeleteInMap("key", "abc")
 	scratch.SetInMap("key", "def", "Def")
 	scratch.DeleteInMap("key", "lmn") // Do nothing
-	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, []any{0: "Def", 1: "Lux", 2: "Zyx"})
+	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, any([]any{"Def", "Lux", "Zyx"}))
 }

 func TestScratchGetSortedMapValues(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2021 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 )

@@ -159,31 +160,6 @@ func Uglify(in string) string {
 	return path.Clean(in)
 }

-// UrlToFilename converts the URL s to a filename.
-// If ParseRequestURI fails, the input is just converted to OS specific slashes and returned.
-func UrlToFilename(s string) (string, bool) {
-	u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return filepath.FromSlash(s), false
-	}
-
-	p := u.Path
-
-	if p == "" {
-		p, _ = url.QueryUnescape(u.Opaque)
-		return filepath.FromSlash(p), true
-	}
-
-	p = filepath.FromSlash(p)
-
-	if u.Host != "" {
-		// C:\data\file.txt
-		p = strings.ToUpper(u.Host) + ":" + p
-	}
-
-	return p, true
-}
-
 // URLEscape escapes unicode letters.
 func URLEscape(uri string) string {
 	// escape unicode letters
@@ -193,3 +169,105 @@ func URLEscape(uri string) string {
 	}
 	return u.String()
 }
+
+// TrimExt trims the extension from a path..
+func TrimExt(in string) string {
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(in, path.Ext(in))
+}
+
+// From https://github.com/golang/go/blob/e0c76d95abfc1621259864adb3d101cf6f1f90fc/src/cmd/go/internal/web/url.go#L45
+func UrlFromFilename(filename string) (*url.URL, error) {
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(filename) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("filepath must be absolute")
+	}
+
+	// If filename has a Windows volume name, convert the volume to a host and prefix
+	// per https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2006/12/06/file-uris-in-windows/.
+	if vol := filepath.VolumeName(filename); vol != "" {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(vol, `\\`) {
+			filename = filepath.ToSlash(filename[2:])
+			i := strings.IndexByte(filename, '/')
+
+			if i < 0 {
+				// A degenerate case.
+				// \\host.example.com (without a share name)
+				// becomes
+				// file://host.example.com/
+				return &url.URL{
+					Scheme: "file",
+					Host:   filename,
+					Path:   "/",
+				}, nil
+			}
+
+			// \\host.example.com\Share\path\to\file
+			// becomes
+			// file://host.example.com/Share/path/to/file
+			return &url.URL{
+				Scheme: "file",
+				Host:   filename[:i],
+				Path:   filepath.ToSlash(filename[i:]),
+			}, nil
+		}
+
+		// C:\path\to\file
+		// becomes
+		// file:///C:/path/to/file
+		return &url.URL{
+			Scheme: "file",
+			Path:   "/" + filepath.ToSlash(filename),
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	// /path/to/file
+	// becomes
+	// file:///path/to/file
+	return &url.URL{
+		Scheme: "file",
+		Path:   filepath.ToSlash(filename),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// UrlStringToFilename converts the URL s to a filename.
+// If ParseRequestURI fails, the input is just converted to OS specific slashes and returned.
+func UrlStringToFilename(s string) (string, bool) {
+	u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return filepath.FromSlash(s), false
+	}
+
+	p := u.Path
+
+	if p == "" {
+		p, _ = url.QueryUnescape(u.Opaque)
+		return filepath.FromSlash(p), false
+	}
+
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		return p, true
+	}
+
+	if len(p) == 0 || p[0] != '/' {
+		return filepath.FromSlash(p), false
+	}
+
+	p = filepath.FromSlash(p)
+
+	if len(u.Host) == 1 {
+		// file://c/Users/...
+		return strings.ToUpper(u.Host) + ":" + p, true
+	}
+
+	if u.Host != "" && u.Host != "localhost" {
+		if filepath.VolumeName(u.Host) != "" {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		return `\\` + u.Host + p, true
+	}
+
+	if vol := filepath.VolumeName(p[1:]); vol == "" || strings.HasPrefix(vol, `\\`) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	return p[1:], true
+}
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@ type Closer interface {
 	Close() error
 }

+// CloserFunc is a convenience type to create a Closer from a function.
+type CloserFunc func() error
+
+func (f CloserFunc) Close() error {
+	return f()
+}
+
 type CloseAdder interface {
 	Add(Closer)
 }
@@ -18,24 +18,24 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 )

-// EvictingStringQueue is a queue which automatically evicts elements from the head of
+// EvictingQueue is a queue which automatically evicts elements from the head of
 // the queue when attempting to add new elements onto the queue and it is full.
 // This queue orders elements LIFO (last-in-first-out). It throws away duplicates.
-// Note: This queue currently does not contain any remove (poll etc.) methods.
-type EvictingStringQueue struct {
+type EvictingQueue[T comparable] struct {
 	size int
-	vals []string
-	set  map[string]bool
+	vals []T
+	set  map[T]bool
 	mu   sync.Mutex
+	zero T
 }

-// NewEvictingStringQueue creates a new queue with the given size.
-func NewEvictingStringQueue(size int) *EvictingStringQueue {
-	return &EvictingStringQueue{size: size, set: make(map[string]bool)}
+// NewEvictingQueue creates a new queue with the given size.
+func NewEvictingQueue[T comparable](size int) *EvictingQueue[T] {
+	return &EvictingQueue[T]{size: size, set: make(map[T]bool)}
 }

 // Add adds a new string to the tail of the queue if it's not already there.
-func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Add(v string) *EvictingStringQueue {
+func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Add(v T) *EvictingQueue[T] {
 	q.mu.Lock()
 	if q.set[v] {
 		q.mu.Unlock()
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Add(v string) *EvictingStringQueue {
 	return q
 }

-func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Len() int {
+func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Len() int {
 	if q == nil {
 		return 0
 	}
@@ -64,19 +64,22 @@ func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Len() int {
 }

 // Contains returns whether the queue contains v.
-func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Contains(v string) bool {
+func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Contains(v T) bool {
+	if q == nil {
+		return false
+	}
 	q.mu.Lock()
 	defer q.mu.Unlock()
 	return q.set[v]
 }

 // Peek looks at the last element added to the queue.
-func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Peek() string {
+func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) Peek() T {
 	q.mu.Lock()
 	l := len(q.vals)
 	if l == 0 {
 		q.mu.Unlock()
-		return ""
+		return q.zero
 	}
 	elem := q.vals[l-1]
 	q.mu.Unlock()
@@ -84,9 +87,12 @@ func (q *EvictingStringQueue) Peek() string {
 }

 // PeekAll looks at all the elements in the queue, with the newest first.
-func (q *EvictingStringQueue) PeekAll() []string {
+func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) PeekAll() []T {
+	if q == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
 	q.mu.Lock()
-	vals := make([]string, len(q.vals))
+	vals := make([]T, len(q.vals))
 	copy(vals, q.vals)
 	q.mu.Unlock()
 	for i, j := 0, len(vals)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
@@ -96,9 +102,9 @@ func (q *EvictingStringQueue) PeekAll() []string {
 }

 // PeekAllSet returns PeekAll as a set.
-func (q *EvictingStringQueue) PeekAllSet() map[string]bool {
+func (q *EvictingQueue[T]) PeekAllSet() map[T]bool {
 	all := q.PeekAll()
-	set := make(map[string]bool)
+	set := make(map[T]bool)
 	for _, v := range all {
 		set[v] = true
 	}
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 func TestEvictingStringQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)

-	queue := NewEvictingStringQueue(3)
+	queue := NewEvictingQueue[string](3)

 	c.Assert(queue.Peek(), qt.Equals, "")
 	queue.Add("a")
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestEvictingStringQueueConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	val := "someval"

-	queue := NewEvictingStringQueue(3)
+	queue := NewEvictingQueue[string](3)

 	for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
@@ -133,22 +133,3 @@ func NewBool(b bool) *bool {
 type PrintableValueProvider interface {
 	PrintableValue() any
 }
-
-var _ PrintableValueProvider = Result[any]{}
-
-// Result is a generic result type.
-type Result[T any] struct {
-	// The result value.
-	Value T
-
-	// The error value.
-	Err error
-}
-
-// PrintableValue returns the value or panics if there is an error.
-func (r Result[T]) PrintableValue() any {
-	if r.Err != nil {
-		panic(r.Err)
-	}
-	return r.Value
-}
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ type Config struct {

 	// The cascade configuration section contains the top level front matter cascade configuration options,
 	// a slice of page matcher and params to apply to those pages.
-	Cascade *config.ConfigNamespace[[]page.PageMatcherParamsConfig, map[page.PageMatcher]maps.Params] `mapstructure:"-"`
+	Cascade *config.ConfigNamespace[[]page.PageMatcherParamsConfig, *maps.Ordered[page.PageMatcher, maps.Params]] `mapstructure:"-"`

 	// The segments defines segments for the site. Used for partial/segmented builds.
 	Segments *config.ConfigNamespace[map[string]segments.SegmentConfig, segments.Segments] `mapstructure:"-"`
@@ -301,6 +301,18 @@ func (c *Config) CompileConfig(logger loggers.Logger) error {
 		}
 	}

+	defaultOutputFormat := outputFormats[0]
+	c.DefaultOutputFormat = strings.ToLower(c.DefaultOutputFormat)
+	if c.DefaultOutputFormat != "" {
+		f, found := outputFormats.GetByName(c.DefaultOutputFormat)
+		if !found {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown default output format %q", c.DefaultOutputFormat)
+		}
+		defaultOutputFormat = f
+	} else {
+		c.DefaultOutputFormat = defaultOutputFormat.Name
+	}
+
 	disabledLangs := make(map[string]bool)
 	for _, lang := range c.DisableLanguages {
 		disabledLangs[lang] = true
@@ -390,23 +402,46 @@ func (c *Config) CompileConfig(logger loggers.Logger) error {
 		c.Pagination.Path = c.PaginatePath
 	}

+	// Legacy privacy values.
+	if c.Privacy.Twitter.Disable {
+		hugo.Deprecate("site config key privacy.twitter.disable", "Use privacy.x.disable instead.", "v0.141.0")
+		c.Privacy.X.Disable = c.Privacy.Twitter.Disable
+	}
+
+	if c.Privacy.Twitter.EnableDNT {
+		hugo.Deprecate("site config key privacy.twitter.enableDNT", "Use privacy.x.enableDNT instead.", "v0.141.0")
+		c.Privacy.X.EnableDNT = c.Privacy.Twitter.EnableDNT
+	}
+
+	if c.Privacy.Twitter.Simple {
+		hugo.Deprecate("site config key privacy.twitter.simple", "Use privacy.x.simple instead.", "v0.141.0")
+		c.Privacy.X.Simple = c.Privacy.Twitter.Simple
+	}
+
+	// Legacy services values.
+	if c.Services.Twitter.DisableInlineCSS {
+		hugo.Deprecate("site config key services.twitter.disableInlineCSS", "Use services.x.disableInlineCSS instead.", "v0.141.0")
+		c.Services.X.DisableInlineCSS = c.Services.Twitter.DisableInlineCSS
+	}
+
 	c.C = &ConfigCompiled{
-		Timeout:           timeout,
-		BaseURL:           baseURL,
-		BaseURLLiveReload: baseURL,
-		DisabledKinds:     disabledKinds,
-		DisabledLanguages: disabledLangs,
-		IgnoredLogs:       ignoredLogIDs,
-		KindOutputFormats: kindOutputFormats,
-		ContentTypes:      media.DefaultContentTypes.FromTypes(c.MediaTypes.Config),
-		CreateTitle:       helpers.GetTitleFunc(c.TitleCaseStyle),
-		IsUglyURLSection:  isUglyURL,
-		IgnoreFile:        ignoreFile,
-		SegmentFilter:     c.Segments.Config.Get(func(s string) { logger.Warnf("Render segment %q not found in configuration", s) }, c.RootConfig.RenderSegments...),
-		MainSections:      c.MainSections,
-		Clock:             clock,
-		HTTPCache:         httpCache,
-		transientErr:      transientErr,
+		Timeout:             timeout,
+		BaseURL:             baseURL,
+		BaseURLLiveReload:   baseURL,
+		DisabledKinds:       disabledKinds,
+		DisabledLanguages:   disabledLangs,
+		IgnoredLogs:         ignoredLogIDs,
+		KindOutputFormats:   kindOutputFormats,
+		DefaultOutputFormat: defaultOutputFormat,
+		ContentTypes:        media.DefaultContentTypes.FromTypes(c.MediaTypes.Config),
+		CreateTitle:         helpers.GetTitleFunc(c.TitleCaseStyle),
+		IsUglyURLSection:    isUglyURL,
+		IgnoreFile:          ignoreFile,
+		SegmentFilter:       c.Segments.Config.Get(func(s string) { logger.Warnf("Render segment %q not found in configuration", s) }, c.RootConfig.RenderSegments...),
+		MainSections:        c.MainSections,
+		Clock:               clock,
+		HTTPCache:           httpCache,
+		transientErr:        transientErr,
 	}

 	for _, s := range allDecoderSetups {
@@ -430,22 +465,23 @@ func (c *Config) IsLangDisabled(lang string) bool {

 // ConfigCompiled holds values and functions that are derived from the config.
 type ConfigCompiled struct {
-	Timeout           time.Duration
-	BaseURL           urls.BaseURL
-	BaseURLLiveReload urls.BaseURL
-	ServerInterface   string
-	KindOutputFormats map[string]output.Formats
-	ContentTypes      media.ContentTypes
-	DisabledKinds     map[string]bool
-	DisabledLanguages map[string]bool
-	IgnoredLogs       map[string]bool
-	CreateTitle       func(s string) string
-	IsUglyURLSection  func(section string) bool
-	IgnoreFile        func(filename string) bool
-	SegmentFilter     segments.SegmentFilter
-	MainSections      []string
-	Clock             time.Time
-	HTTPCache         httpcache.ConfigCompiled
+	Timeout             time.Duration
+	BaseURL             urls.BaseURL
+	BaseURLLiveReload   urls.BaseURL
+	ServerInterface     string
+	KindOutputFormats   map[string]output.Formats
+	DefaultOutputFormat output.Format
+	ContentTypes        media.ContentTypes
+	DisabledKinds       map[string]bool
+	DisabledLanguages   map[string]bool
+	IgnoredLogs         map[string]bool
+	CreateTitle         func(s string) string
+	IsUglyURLSection    func(section string) bool
+	IgnoreFile          func(filename string) bool
+	SegmentFilter       segments.SegmentFilter
+	MainSections        []string
+	Clock               time.Time
+	HTTPCache           httpcache.ConfigCompiled

 	// This is set to the last transient error found during config compilation.
 	// With themes/modules we compute the configuration in multiple passes, and
@@ -505,6 +541,13 @@ type RootConfig struct {
 	// Set this to true to put all languages below their language ID.
 	DefaultContentLanguageInSubdir bool

+	// The default output format to use for the site.
+	// If not set, we will use the first output format.
+	DefaultOutputFormat string
+
+	// Disable generation of redirect to the default language when DefaultContentLanguageInSubdir is enabled.
+	DisableDefaultLanguageRedirect bool
+
 	// Disable creation of alias redirect pages.
 	DisableAliases bool

@@ -723,15 +766,16 @@ type Configs struct {
 }

 func (c *Configs) Validate(logger loggers.Logger) error {
-	for p := range c.Base.Cascade.Config {
+	c.Base.Cascade.Config.Range(func(p page.PageMatcher, params maps.Params) bool {
 		page.CheckCascadePattern(logger, p)
-	}
+		return true
+	})
 	return nil
 }

 // transientErr returns the last transient error found during config compilation.
 func (c *Configs) transientErr() error {
-	for _, l := range c.LanguageConfigSlice {
+	for _, l := range c.LanguageConfigMap {
 		if l.C.transientErr != nil {
 			return l.C.transientErr
 		}
@@ -748,7 +792,6 @@ func (c *Configs) Init() error {
 	var languages langs.Languages
 	defaultContentLanguage := c.Base.DefaultContentLanguage
 	for k, v := range c.LanguageConfigMap {
-		c.LanguageConfigSlice = append(c.LanguageConfigSlice, v)
 		languageConf := v.Languages[k]
 		language, err := langs.NewLanguage(k, defaultContentLanguage, v.TimeZone, languageConf)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -175,3 +175,43 @@ func TestMapUglyURLs(t *testing.T) {
 	b.Assert(c.C.IsUglyURLSection("posts"), qt.IsTrue)
 	b.Assert(c.C.IsUglyURLSection("blog"), qt.IsFalse)
 }
+
+// Issue 13199
+func TestInvalidOutputFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	files := `
+-- hugo.toml --
+disableKinds = ['page','rss','section','sitemap','taxonomy','term']
+[outputs]
+home = ['html','foo']
+-- layouts/index.html --
+x
+`
+
+	b, err := hugolib.TestE(t, files)
+	b.Assert(err, qt.IsNotNil)
+	b.Assert(err.Error(), qt.Contains, `failed to create config: unknown output format "foo" for kind "home"`)
+}
+
+// Issue 13201
+func TestLanguageConfigSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	files := `
+-- hugo.toml --
+disableKinds = ['page','rss','section','sitemap','taxonomy','term']
+[languages.en]
+title = 'TITLE_EN'
+weight = 2
+[languages.de]
+title = 'TITLE_DE'
+weight = 1
+[languages.fr]
+title = 'TITLE_FR'
+weight = 3
+`
+
+	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
+	b.Assert(b.H.Configs.LanguageConfigSlice[0].Title, qt.Equals, `TITLE_DE`)
+}
@@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ func (c ConfigLanguage) Watching() bool {
 	return c.m.Base.Internal.Watch
 }

-func (c ConfigLanguage) NewIdentityManager(name string) identity.Manager {
+func (c ConfigLanguage) NewIdentityManager(name string, opts ...identity.ManagerOption) identity.Manager {
 	if !c.Watching() {
 		return identity.NopManager
 	}
-	return identity.NewManager(name)
+	return identity.NewManager(name, opts...)
 }

 func (c ConfigLanguage) ContentTypes() config.ContentTypesProvider {
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ func (l *configLoader) loadModules(configs *Configs, ignoreModuleDoesNotExist bo
 		ignoreVendor, _ = hglob.GetGlob(hglob.NormalizePath(s))
 	}

-	ex := hexec.New(conf.Security, workingDir)
+	ex := hexec.New(conf.Security, workingDir, l.Logger)

 	hook := func(m *modules.ModulesConfig) error {
 		for _, tc := range m.AllModules {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ type AllProvider interface {
 	BuildDrafts() bool
 	Running() bool
 	Watching() bool
-	NewIdentityManager(name string) identity.Manager
+	NewIdentityManager(name string, opts ...identity.ManagerOption) identity.Manager
 	FastRenderMode() bool
 	PrintUnusedTemplates() bool
 	EnableMissingTranslationPlaceholders() bool
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 func DecodeNamespace[S, C any](configSource any, buildConfig func(any) (C, any, error)) (*ConfigNamespace[S, C], error) {
 	// Calculate the hash of the input (not including any defaults applied later).
 	// This allows us to introduce new config options without breaking the hash.
-	h := hashing.HashString(configSource)
+	h := hashing.HashStringHex(configSource)

 	// Build the config
 	c, ext, err := buildConfig(configSource)
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func TestNamespace(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(ns, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 	c.Assert(ns.SourceStructure, qt.DeepEquals, map[string]interface{}{"foo": "bar"})
-	c.Assert(ns.SourceHash, qt.Equals, "1450430416588600409")
+	c.Assert(ns.SourceHash, qt.Equals, "1420f6c7782f7459")
 	c.Assert(ns.Config, qt.DeepEquals, &tstNsExt{Foo: "bar"})
 	c.Assert(ns.Signature(), qt.DeepEquals, []*tstNsExt(nil))
 }
@@ -30,9 +30,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	Disqus          Disqus
 	GoogleAnalytics GoogleAnalytics
 	Instagram       Instagram
-	Twitter         Twitter
+	Twitter         Twitter // deprecated in favor of X in v0.141.0
 	Vimeo           Vimeo
 	YouTube         YouTube
+	X               X
 }

 // Disqus holds the privacy configuration settings related to the Disqus template.
@@ -58,7 +59,8 @@ type Instagram struct {
 	Simple bool
 }

-// Twitter holds the privacy configuration settingsrelated to the Twitter shortcode.
+// Twitter holds the privacy configuration settings related to the Twitter shortcode.
+// Deprecated in favor of X in v0.141.0.
 type Twitter struct {
 	Service `mapstructure:",squash"`

@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ type Twitter struct {
 	Simple bool
 }

-// Vimeo holds the privacy configuration settingsrelated to the Vimeo shortcode.
+// Vimeo holds the privacy configuration settings related to the Vimeo shortcode.
 type Vimeo struct {
 	Service `mapstructure:",squash"`

@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ type Vimeo struct {
 	Simple bool
 }

-// YouTube holds the privacy configuration settingsrelated to the YouTube shortcode.
+// YouTube holds the privacy configuration settings related to the YouTube shortcode.
 type YouTube struct {
 	Service `mapstructure:",squash"`

@@ -94,6 +96,20 @@ type YouTube struct {
 	PrivacyEnhanced bool
 }

+// X holds the privacy configuration settings related to the X shortcode.
+type X struct {
+	Service `mapstructure:",squash"`
+
+	// When set to true, the X post and its embedded page on your site are not
+	// used for purposes that include personalized suggestions and personalized
+	// ads.
+	EnableDNT bool
+
+	// If simple mode is enabled, a static and no-JS version of the X post will
+	// be built.
+	Simple bool
+}
+
 // DecodeConfig creates a privacy Config from a given Hugo configuration.
 func DecodeConfig(cfg config.Provider) (pc Config, err error) {
 	if !cfg.IsSet(privacyConfigKey) {
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ simple = true
 disable = true
 enableDNT = true
 simple = true
+[privacy.x]
+disable = true
+enableDNT = true
+simple = true
 [privacy.vimeo]
 disable = true
 enableDNT = true
@@ -61,7 +65,8 @@ simple = true
 		pc.GoogleAnalytics.RespectDoNotTrack, pc.Instagram.Disable,
 		pc.Instagram.Simple, pc.Twitter.Disable, pc.Twitter.EnableDNT,
 		pc.Twitter.Simple, pc.Vimeo.Disable, pc.Vimeo.EnableDNT, pc.Vimeo.Simple,
-		pc.YouTube.PrivacyEnhanced, pc.YouTube.Disable,
+		pc.YouTube.PrivacyEnhanced, pc.YouTube.Disable, pc.X.Disable, pc.X.EnableDNT,
+		pc.X.Simple,
 	}

 	c.Assert(got, qt.All(qt.Equals), true)
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	Disqus          Disqus
 	GoogleAnalytics GoogleAnalytics
 	Instagram       Instagram
-	Twitter         Twitter
+	Twitter         Twitter // deprecated in favor of X in v0.141.0
+	X               X
 	RSS             RSS
 }

@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ type Instagram struct {
 }

 // Twitter holds the functional configuration settings related to the Twitter shortcodes.
+// Deprecated in favor of X in v0.141.0.
 type Twitter struct {
 	// The Simple variant of Twitter is decorated with a basic set of inline styles.
 	// This means that if you want to provide your own CSS, you want
@@ -68,6 +70,14 @@ type Twitter struct {
 	DisableInlineCSS bool
 }

+// X holds the functional configuration settings related to the X shortcodes.
+type X struct {
+	// The Simple variant of X is decorated with a basic set of inline styles.
+	// This means that if you want to provide your own CSS, you want
+	// to disable the inline CSS provided by Hugo.
+	DisableInlineCSS bool
+}
+
 // RSS holds the functional configuration settings related to the RSS feeds.
 type RSS struct {
 	// Limit the number of pages.
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ id = "ga_id"
 disableInlineCSS = true
 [services.twitter]
 disableInlineCSS = true
+[services.x]
+disableInlineCSS = true
 `
 	cfg, err := config.FromConfigString(tomlConfig, "toml")
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
@@ -82,11 +82,13 @@ func NewContent(h *hugolib.HugoSites, kind, targetPath string, force bool) error
 	b.setArcheTypeFilenameToUse(ext)

 	withBuildLock := func() (string, error) {
-		unlock, err := h.BaseFs.LockBuild()
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire a build lock: %s", err)
+		if !h.Configs.Base.NoBuildLock {
+			unlock, err := h.BaseFs.LockBuild()
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire a build lock: %s", err)
+			}
+			defer unlock()
 		}
-		defer unlock()

 		if b.isDir {
 			return "", b.buildDir()
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/internal/js"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/internal/warpc"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/media"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/page"
@@ -47,6 +49,9 @@ type Deps struct {
 	// The templates to use. This will usually implement the full tpl.TemplateManager.
 	tmplHandlers *tpl.TemplateHandlers

+	// The template funcs.
+	TmplFuncMap map[string]any
+
 	// The file systems to use.
 	Fs *hugofs.Fs `json:"-"`

@@ -83,10 +88,13 @@ type Deps struct {
 	Metrics metrics.Provider

 	// BuildStartListeners will be notified before a build starts.
-	BuildStartListeners *Listeners
+	BuildStartListeners *Listeners[any]

 	// BuildEndListeners will be notified after a build finishes.
-	BuildEndListeners *Listeners
+	BuildEndListeners *Listeners[any]
+
+	// OnChangeListeners will be notified when something changes.
+	OnChangeListeners *Listeners[identity.Identity]

 	// Resources that gets closed when the build is done or the server shuts down.
 	BuildClosers *types.Closers
@@ -98,6 +106,12 @@ type Deps struct {
 	// TODO(bep) rethink this re. a plugin setup, but this will have to do for now.
 	WasmDispatchers *warpc.Dispatchers

+	// The JS batcher client.
+	JSBatcherClient js.BatcherClient
+
+	// The JS batcher client.
+	// JSBatcherClient *esbuild.BatcherClient
+
 	isClosed bool

 	*globalErrHandler
@@ -154,23 +168,27 @@ func (d *Deps) Init() error {
 	}

 	if d.BuildStartListeners == nil {
-		d.BuildStartListeners = &Listeners{}
+		d.BuildStartListeners = &Listeners[any]{}
 	}

 	if d.BuildEndListeners == nil {
-		d.BuildEndListeners = &Listeners{}
+		d.BuildEndListeners = &Listeners[any]{}
 	}

 	if d.BuildClosers == nil {
 		d.BuildClosers = &types.Closers{}
 	}

+	if d.OnChangeListeners == nil {
+		d.OnChangeListeners = &Listeners[identity.Identity]{}
+	}
+
 	if d.Metrics == nil && d.Conf.TemplateMetrics() {
 		d.Metrics = metrics.NewProvider(d.Conf.TemplateMetricsHints())
 	}

 	if d.ExecHelper == nil {
-		d.ExecHelper = hexec.New(d.Conf.GetConfigSection("security").(security.Config), d.Conf.WorkingDir())
+		d.ExecHelper = hexec.New(d.Conf.GetConfigSection("security").(security.Config), d.Conf.WorkingDir(), d.Log)
 	}

 	if d.MemCache == nil {
@@ -268,6 +286,23 @@ func (d *Deps) Compile(prototype *Deps) error {
 	return nil
 }

+// MkdirTemp returns a temporary directory path that will be cleaned up on exit.
+func (d Deps) MkdirTemp(pattern string) (string, error) {
+	filename, err := os.MkdirTemp("", pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	d.BuildClosers.Add(
+		types.CloserFunc(
+			func() error {
+				return os.RemoveAll(filename)
+			},
+		),
+	)
+
+	return filename, nil
+}
+
 type globalErrHandler struct {
 	logger loggers.Logger

@@ -306,15 +341,16 @@ func (e *globalErrHandler) StopErrorCollector() {
 }

 // Listeners represents an event listener.
-type Listeners struct {
+type Listeners[T any] struct {
 	sync.Mutex

 	// A list of funcs to be notified about an event.
-	listeners []func()
+	// If the return value is true, the listener will be removed.
+	listeners []func(...T) bool
 }

 // Add adds a function to a Listeners instance.
-func (b *Listeners) Add(f func()) {
+func (b *Listeners[T]) Add(f func(...T) bool) {
 	if b == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -324,12 +360,16 @@ func (b *Listeners) Add(f func()) {
 }

 // Notify executes all listener functions.
-func (b *Listeners) Notify() {
+func (b *Listeners[T]) Notify(vs ...T) {
 	b.Lock()
 	defer b.Unlock()
+	temp := b.listeners[:0]
 	for _, notify := range b.listeners {
-		notify()
+		if !notify(vs...) {
+			temp = append(temp, notify)
+		}
 	}
+	b.listeners = temp
 }

 // ResourceProvider is used to create and refresh, and clone resources needed.
@@ -372,9 +412,11 @@ type DepsCfg struct {
 	// The logging level to use.
 	LogLevel logg.Level

-	// Where to write the logs.
-	// Currently we typically write everything to stdout.
-	LogOut io.Writer
+	// Logging output.
+	StdErr io.Writer
+
+	// The console output.
+	StdOut io.Writer

 	// The file systems to use
 	Fs *hugofs.Fs
@@ -23,3 +23,4 @@ MD046: false
 MD049: false
 MD050: false
 MD053: false
+MD055: false
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 }

 code {
-    padding: 0.2em;
+    padding: 2px 3px;
    margin: 0;
-    font-size: 85%;
+    font-size: 93.75%;
    background-color: rgba(27,31,35,0.05);
    border-radius: 3px;
 }
@@ -18,3 +18,8 @@ h6:first-of-type {
 h6 ~ p {
  margin: 0.5em 0 2em 0;
 }
+
+/* QR codes */
+img.qrcode {
+  width: initial;
+}
@@ -4769,9 +4769,9 @@ h6:hover .header-link {
  margin: 0;
 }
 code {
-    padding: 0.2em;
+    padding: 2px 3px;
    margin: 0;
-    font-size: 85%;
+    font-size: 93.75%;
    background-color: rgba(27, 31, 35, .05);
    border-radius: 3px;
 }
@@ -5333,6 +5333,11 @@ h6:first-of-type {
 h6 ~ p {
  margin: 0.5em 0 2em 0;
 }
+/* QR codes */
+img.qrcode {
+  width: auto;
+  width: initial;
+}
 .nested-blockquote blockquote {
  border-left: 4px solid #0594CB;
  padding-left: 1em;
@@ -5,15 +5,6 @@
    utm_campaign = "hugosponsor"
    bgcolor      = "#ffffff"

-[[banners]]
-    name            = "Route4Me"
-    link            = "https://route4me.com/"
-    title           = "Route Planning & Route Optimization Software"
-    no_query_params = true
-    utm_campaign    = "hugosponsor"
-    bgcolor         = "#334799"
-    link_attr       = "style='color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-align: center'"
-
 [[banners]]
    name            = "GoLand"
    title           = "The complete IDE crafted for professional Go developers."
@@ -21,3 +12,11 @@
    link            = "https://www.jetbrains.com/go/?utm_source=OSS&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=hugo"
    logo            = "images/sponsors/goland.svg"
    bgcolor         = "#f4f4f4"
+
+[[banners]]
+    name          = "Your Company?"
+    link          = "https://bep.is/en/hugo-sponsor-2023-01/"
+    utm_campaign  = "hugosponsor"
+    show_on_hover = true
+    bgcolor       = "#4e4f4f"
+    link_attr     = "style='color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-align: center'"
@@ -98,12 +98,7 @@ either of these shortcodes in conjunction with this render hook.
 {{- end }}

 {{- /* Determine content path for warning and error messages. */}}
-{{- $contentPath := "" }}
-{{- with .Page.File }}
-  {{- $contentPath = .Path }}
-{{- else }}
-  {{- $contentPath = .Path }}
-{{- end }}
+{{- $contentPath := .Page.String }}

 {{- /* Parse destination. */}}
 {{- $u := urls.Parse .Destination }}
@@ -22,8 +22,15 @@
      {{ $releases = where $releases "draft" false }}
      {{ $releases = where $releases "prerelease" false }}
      {{ range $releases | first 20 }}
+        {{ $publishDate := .published_at | time.AsTime }}
+
+        {{/* Correct the v0.138.0 release date. See https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/13066. */}}
+        {{ if eq .name "v0.138.0" }}
+          {{ $publishDate = "2024-11-06T11:22:34Z" | time.AsTime }}
+        {{ end }}
+
        {{ $ctx := dict
-          "Date" (.published_at | time.AsTime)
+          "Date" $publishDate
          "Title" (printf "Release %s" .name)
          "Permalink" .html_url
          "Section" "news"
@@ -21,14 +21,21 @@
    {{- $releases = where $releases "draft" false }}
    {{- $releases = where $releases "prerelease" false }}
    {{- range $releases | first 20 }}
+      {{- $publishDate := .published_at | time.AsTime }}
+
+      {{- /* Correct the v0.138.0 release date. See https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/13066. */}}
+      {{- if eq .name "v0.138.0" }}
+        {{- $publishDate = "2024-11-06T11:22:34Z" | time.AsTime }}
+      {{- end }}
+
      {{- $summary := printf
        "Hugo %s was released on %s. See [release notes](%s) for details."
        .tag_name
-        (.published_at | time.AsTime | time.Format "2 Jan 2006")
+        ($publishDate | time.AsTime | time.Format "2 Jan 2006")
        .html_url
      }}
      {{- $ctx := dict
-        "PublishDate" (.published_at | time.AsTime)
+        "PublishDate" $publishDate
        "Title" (printf "Release %s" .name)
        "Permalink" .html_url
        "Section" "news"
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@

    {{ $data := "" }}
    {{ $url := urls.JoinPath "https://api.github.com/users" $author }}
-    {{ with resources.GetRemote $url }}
+    {{ with try (resources.GetRemote $url) }}
      {{ with .Err }}
        {{ errorf "%s" . }}
-      {{ else }}
+      {{ else with .Value }}
        {{ $data = . | transform.Unmarshal }}
+      {{ else }}
+        {{ errorf "Unable to get remote resource %q" $url }}
      {{ end }}
-    {{ else }}
-      {{ errorf "Unable to get remote resource %q" $url }}
    {{ end }}

    <div class="tc">
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@

    {{ $data := "" }}
    {{ $url := urls.JoinPath "https://api.github.com/users" $author }}
-    {{ with resources.GetRemote $url }}
+    {{ with try (resources.GetRemote $url) }}
      {{ with .Err }}
        {{ errorf "%s" . }}
-      {{ else }}
+      {{ else with .Value }}
        {{ $data = . | transform.Unmarshal }}
+      {{ else }}
+        {{ errorf "Unable to get remote resource %q" $url }}
      {{ end }}
-    {{ else }}
-      {{ errorf "Unable to get remote resource %q" $url }}
    {{ end }}

    {{ with $data }}
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  <h2>{{ $heading }}</h2>
  <ul>
    {{- range . }}
-      <li><a href="{{ .RelPermalink }}">{{ .Title }}</a></li>
+      <li><a href="{{ .RelPermalink }}">{{ .LinkTitle }}</a></li>
    {{- end }}
  </ul>
 {{- end }}
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ Supports CSV, JSON, TOML, YAML, and XML.

 {{ $url := . }}
 {{ $data := dict }}
-{{ with resources.GetRemote $url }}
+{{ with try (resources.GetRemote $url) }}
  {{ with .Err }}
    {{ errorf "%s" . }}
-  {{ else }}
+  {{ else with .Value }}
    {{ $data = .Content | transform.Unmarshal }}
+  {{ else }}
+    {{ errorf "Unable to get remote resource %q" $url }}
  {{ end }}
-{{ else }}
-  {{ errorf "Unable to get remote resource %q" $url }}
 {{ end }}
 {{ return $data }}
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{{- /*
+Returns syntax-highlighted code from the given text.
+
+This is useful as a terse way to highlight inline code snippets. Calling the
+highlight shortcode for inline snippets is verbose.
+*/}}
+
+{{- $code := .Inner | strings.TrimSpace }}
+{{- $lang := or (.Get 0) "go"  }}
+{{- $opts := dict "hl_inline" true "noClasses" true }}
+{{- transform.Highlight $code $lang $opts }}
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ Renders the given image using the given filter, if any.

 {{- $validFilters := slice
  "autoorient" "brightness" "colorbalance" "colorize" "contrast" "dither"
-  "gamma" "gaussianblur" "grayscale" "hue" "invert" "none" "opacity" "overlay"
-  "padding" "pixelate" "process" "saturation" "sepia" "sigmoid" "text"
+  "gamma" "gaussianblur" "grayscale" "hue" "invert" "mask" "none" "opacity"
+  "overlay" "padding" "pixelate" "process" "saturation" "sepia" "sigmoid" "text"
  "unsharpmask"
 }}

@@ -229,6 +229,12 @@ Renders the given image using the given filter, if any.
  {{- $ctx = merge $ctx (dict "argsRequired" 0) }}
  {{- template "validate-arg-count" $ctx }}
  {{- $f = images.Invert }}
+{{- else if eq $filter "mask" }}
+  {{- $ctx = merge $ctx (dict "argsRequired" 1) }}
+  {{- template "validate-arg-count" $ctx }}
+  {{- $ctx := dict "src" (index $filterArgs 0) "name" .Name "position" .Position }}
+  {{- $maskImage := partial "inline/get-resource.html" $ctx }}
+  {{- $f = images.Mask $maskImage }}
 {{- else if eq $filter "opacity" }}
  {{- $ctx = merge $ctx (dict "argsRequired" 1) }}
  {{- template "validate-arg-count" $ctx }}
@@ -322,11 +328,15 @@ Renders the given image using the given filter, if any.
 {{- end }}

 {{- /* Render. */}}
+{{- $class := "di va b--black-20" }}
+{{- if eq $filter "mask" }}
+  {{- $class = "di va" }}
+{{- end }}
 {{- if $example }}
  <p>Original</p>
-  <img class='di ba b--black-20' style="width: initial;" src="{{ $i.RelPermalink }}" alt="{{ $alt }}">
+  <img class="{{ $class}}" style="width: initial;" src="{{ $i.RelPermalink }}" alt="{{ $alt }}">
  <p>Processed</p>
-  <img class='di ba b--black-20' style="width: initial;" src="{{ $fi.RelPermalink }}" alt="{{ $alt }}">
+  <img class="{{ $class }}" style="width: initial;" src="{{ $fi.RelPermalink }}" alt="{{ $alt }}">
 {{- else -}}
  <img class='di' style="width: initial;" src="{{ $fi.RelPermalink }}" alt="{{ $alt }}">
 {{- end }}
@@ -354,15 +364,15 @@ Renders the given image using the given filter, if any.
  {{- $u := urls.Parse .src }}
  {{- $msg := "The %q shortcode was unable to resolve %s. See %s" }}
  {{- if $u.IsAbs }}
-    {{- with resources.GetRemote $u.String }}
+    {{- with try (resources.GetRemote $u.String) }}
      {{- with .Err }}
        {{- errorf "%s" . }}
-      {{- else }}
+      {{- else with .Value }}
        {{- /* This is a remote resource. */}}
        {{- $r = . }}
+      {{- else }}
+        {{- errorf $msg $.name $u.String $.position }}
      {{- end }}
-    {{- else }}
-      {{- errorf $msg $.name $u.String $.position }}
    {{- end }}
  {{- else }}
    {{- with .page.Resources.Get (strings.TrimPrefix "./" $u.Path) }}
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ You must call this shortcode using the {{% %}} notation.
 */}}

 {{- with .Get 0 }}
-  {{- with site.GetPage . }}
+  {{- with $.Page.GetPage . }}
    {{- .RenderShortcodes }}
  {{- else }}
    {{- errorf "The %q shortcode was unable to find %q. See %s" $.Name . $.Position }}
@@ -1 +1 @@
-# github.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme v0.0.0-20241105120803-6c6e5fb8f8af
+# github.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme v0.0.0-20250116152525-2d382cae7743
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: {{ replace .File.ContentBaseName "-" " " }}
+---
+
+<!--
+You can insert these definitions in other pages using the `glossary-term` shortcode, so they must be self-contained.
+
+Do this:
+
+    A _foo_ is big bar.
+    
+Not this:
+
+    A big bar.
+    
+Italicize the term whenever you use it in the definition.
+
+An exception to this rule occurs when a term is an alias for another. In such cases, it is sufficient to use the phrase 'See [page kind]'."
+-->
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ byline: "[bep](https://github.com/bep), Hugo Lead"
 To complete this showcase:

 1. Write the story about your site in this file.
-2. Add a summary to the `bio.md` file in this folder.
+2. Add a summary to the `bio.md` file in this directory.
 3. Replace the `featured-template.png` with a screenshot of your site. You can rename it, but it must contain the word `featured`.
 4. Create a new pull request in https://github.com/gohugoio/hugoDocs/pulls

@@ -55,20 +55,26 @@ identifier = 'render-hooks'
 pageRef = '/render-hooks/'

 [[docs]]
-name = 'Hugo Modules'
+name = 'Shortcodes'
 weight = 100
+identifier = 'shortcodes'
+pageRef = '/shortcodes/'
+
+[[docs]]
+name = 'Hugo Modules'
+weight = 110
 identifier = 'modules'
 pageRef = '/hugo-modules/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Hugo Pipes'
-weight = 110
+weight = 120
 identifier = 'hugo-pipes'
 pageRef = '/hugo-pipes/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'CLI'
-weight = 120
+weight = 130
 post = 'break'
 identifier = 'commands'
 pageRef = '/commands/'
@@ -77,25 +83,25 @@ pageRef = '/commands/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Troubleshooting'
-weight = 130
+weight = 140
 identifier = 'troubleshooting'
 pageRef = '/troubleshooting/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Developer tools'
-weight = 140
+weight = 150
 identifier = 'developer-tools'
 pageRef = '/tools/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Hosting and deployment'
-weight = 150
+weight = 160
 identifier = 'hosting-and-deployment'
 pageRef = '/hosting-and-deployment/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Contribute'
-weight = 160
+weight = 170
 post = 'break'
 identifier = 'contribute'
 pageRef = '/contribute/'
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ toc: true
 : Use fenced code blocks and Markdown render hooks to include diagrams in your content.

 [Mathematics]
-: Include mathematical equations and expressions in Markdown using LaTeX or TeX typesetting syntax.
+: Include mathematical equations and expressions in Markdown using LaTeX markup.

 [Syntax highlighting]
 : Syntactically highlight code examples using Hugo's embedded syntax highlighter, enabled by default for fenced code blocks in Markdown. The syntax highlighter supports hundreds of code languages and dozens of styles.
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ toc: true
 [Mathematics]: /content-management/mathematics/
 [Menus]: /content-management/menus/
 [Minification]: /getting-started/configuration/#configure-minify
-[Modules]: https://gohugo.io/hugo-modules/
+[Modules]: /hugo-modules/
 [Multilingual]: /content-management/multilingual/
 [Multiplatform]: /installation/
 [Output formats]: /templates/output-formats/
@@ -134,6 +134,6 @@ toc: true
 [Syntax highlighting]: /content-management/syntax-highlighting/
 [Tailwind CSS processing]: /functions/css/tailwindcss/
 [Taxonomies]: /content-management/taxonomies/
-[Templates]: templates/introduction/
+[Templates]: /templates/introduction/
 [Themes]: https://themes.gohugo.io/
 [URL management]: /content-management/urls/
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ respectDoNotTrack = false
 [privacy.instagram]
 disable = false
 simple = false
-[privacy.twitter]
+[privacy.vimeo]
 disable = false
 enableDNT = false
 simple = false
-[privacy.vimeo]
+[privacy.x]
 disable = false
 enableDNT = false
 simple = false
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ disable = true
 disable = true
 [privacy.instagram]
 disable = true
-[privacy.twitter]
-disable = true
 [privacy.vimeo]
 disable = true
+[privacy.x]
+disable = true
 [privacy.youtube]
 disable = true
 {{< /code-toggle >}}
@@ -92,19 +92,19 @@ simple
 disableInlineCSS = true
 {{< /code-toggle >}}

-### Twitter
+### X

 enableDNT
-: Enabling this for the twitter/tweet shortcode, the tweet and its embedded page on your site are not used for purposes that include personalized suggestions and personalized ads.
+: Enabling this for the x shortcode, the post and its embedded page on your site are not used for purposes that include personalized suggestions and personalized ads.

 simple
-: If simple mode is enabled, a static and no-JS version of a tweet will be built.
+: If simple mode is enabled, a static and no-JS version of a post will be built.

-**Note:** If you use the _simple mode_ for Twitter, you may want to disable the inline styles provided by Hugo:
+**Note:** If you use the _simple mode_ for X, you may want to disable the inline styles provided by Hugo:

 {{< code-toggle file=hugo >}}
 [services]
-[services.twitter]
+[services.x]
 disableInlineCSS = true
 {{< /code-toggle >}}

@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ hugo [flags]
 * [hugo completion](/commands/hugo_completion/)	 - Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
 * [hugo config](/commands/hugo_config/)	 - Display site configuration
 * [hugo convert](/commands/hugo_convert/)	 - Convert front matter to another format
-* [hugo deploy](/commands/hugo_deploy/)	 - Deploy your site to a cloud provider
 * [hugo env](/commands/hugo_env/)	 - Display version and environment info
 * [hugo gen](/commands/hugo_gen/)	 - Generate documentation and syntax highlighting styles
 * [hugo import](/commands/hugo_import/)	 - Import a site from another system
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ See each sub-command's help for details on how to use the generated script.
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ hugo completion bash
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ hugo completion fish [flags]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ hugo completion powershell [flags]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ hugo completion zsh [flags]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ hugo config [command] [flags]
      --format string            preferred file format (toml, yaml or json) (default "toml")
  -h, --help                     help for config
      --lang string              the language to display config for. Defaults to the first language defined.
+      --printZero                include config options with zero values (e.g. false, 0, "") in the output
      --renderSegments strings   named segments to render (configured in the segments config)
  -t, --theme strings            themes to use (located in /themes/THEMENAME/)
 ```
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ hugo config [command] [flags]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ hugo config mounts [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ See convert's subcommands toJSON, toTOML and toYAML for more information.
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ hugo convert toJSON [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
  -o, --output string              filesystem path to write files to
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ hugo convert toTOML [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
  -o, --output string              filesystem path to write files to
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ hugo convert toYAML [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
  -o, --output string              filesystem path to write files to
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ hugo deploy [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ hugo env [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ Generate documentation for your project using Hugo's documentation engine, inclu
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ hugo gen chromastyles [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ hugo gen doc [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ hugo gen man [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Import requires a subcommand, e.g. `hugo import jekyll jekyll_root_path target_p
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ hugo import jekyll [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ List requires a subcommand, e.g. hugo list drafts
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ hugo list all [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ hugo list drafts [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ hugo list expired [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ hugo list future [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ hugo list published [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ See https://gohugo.io/hugo-modules/ for more information.
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ hugo mod clean [flags] [args]
  -e, --environment string         build environment
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
+      --noBuildLock                don't create .hugo_build.lock file
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`gobench -package=./hugolib -bench="BenchmarkSiteNew/Deep_content_tree"`
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`docker run --rm --mount type=bind,source="$(pwd)",target=/hugo -w /hugo -i -t bepsays/ci-goreleaser:1.11-2 /bin/bash`