releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.85.0

[ci skip]
releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.85.0
2026-09-01 19:22:38 +00:00 · 2021-07-05 10:46:25 +00:00 · 2021-07-05 10:46:25 +00:00 · 2021-07-05 12:38:14 +02:00 · 2021-07-05 10:27:32 +00:00 · 2021-07-05 10:38:54 +02:00
1039 changed files with 46124 additions and 11832 deletions
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 defaults: &defaults
  docker:
-      - image: bepsays/ci-goreleaser:1.13.7-1
+      - image: bepsays/ci-goreleaser:1.16.5-2
  environment:
    CGO_ENABLED: "0"

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 name: 'Bug report'
-labels: ''
+labels: 'bug'
 assignees: ''
 about: Create a report to help us improve
 ---
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+    - name: SUPPORT, ISSUES and TROUBLESHOOTING
+      url: https://discourse.gohugo.io/
+      about: Please DO NOT use Github for support requests. Please visit https://discourse.gohugo.io for support! You will be helped much faster there. If you ignore this request your issue might be closed with a discourse label.
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Support (Do not use)
-about: Please do not use Github for support requests. Visit https://discourse.gohugo.io for support
-title: ''
-labels: support
-assignees: ''
-
---
-
-Issues created with this template will be automatically closed. Please visit https://discourse.gohugo.io for the support you really, really, want!
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# See https://docs.github.com/en/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates#package-ecosystem
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-on:
-  schedule:
-  - cron: 0 5 * * 3 
-name: Weekly Issue Closure
-jobs:
-  cycle-weekly-close:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@master
-    - name: weekly-issue-closure
-      uses: bdougie/close-issues-based-on-label@master
-      env:
-        LABEL: support
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+on: [push, pull_request]
+name: Test
+jobs:
+  test:
+    env:
+      GOPROXY: https://proxy.golang.org
+      GO111MODULE: on
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        go-version: [1.16.x]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+    - name: Install Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@37335c7bb261b353407cff977110895fa0b4f7d8
+      with:
+        go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
+    - name: Install Ruby
+      uses: actions/setup-ruby@5f29a1cd8dfebf420691c4c9a0e832e2fae5a526
+      with:
+        ruby-version: '2.7'
+    - name: Install Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@3105fb18c05ddd93efea5f9e0bef7a03a6e9e7df
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.x'
+    - name: Install Mage
+      run: go get github.com/magefile/mage@07afc7d24f4d6d6442305d49552f04fbda5ccb3e
+    - name: Install asciidoctor
+      uses: reitzig/actions-asciidoctor@7570212ae20b63653481675fb1ff62d1073632b0
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@5a4ac9002d0be2fb38bd78e4b4dbde5606d7042f
+    - name: Install docutils
+      run: |
+        pip install docutils
+        rst2html.py --version
+    - if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
+      name: Install pandoc on Linux
+      run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -y
+          sudo apt-get install -y pandoc
+    - if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+      run: |
+        brew install pandoc
+    - if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
+      run: |
+        choco install pandoc
+    - run: pandoc -v
+    - if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
+      name: Install dart-sass-embedded Linux
+      run: |
+        curl -LJO https://github.com/sass/dart-sass-embedded/releases/download/1.0.0-beta.6/sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-linux-x64.tar.gz;
+        echo "04fc1e5e28d29a4585a701941b6dace56771d94bfbe7f9e4db28d24417ceeec3  sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-linux-x64.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c;
+        tar -xvf sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-linux-x64.tar.gz;
+        echo "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/sass_embedded/" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+    - if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+      name: Install dart-sass-embedded MacOS
+      run: |
+        curl -LJO https://github.com/sass/dart-sass-embedded/releases/download/1.0.0-beta.6/sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-macos-x64.tar.gz;
+        echo "b3b984675a9b04aa22f6f2302dda4191b507ac2ca124467db2dfe7e58e72fbad  sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-macos-x64.tar.gz" | shasum -a 256 -c;
+        tar -xvf sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-macos-x64.tar.gz;
+        echo "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/sass_embedded/" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+    - if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
+      name: Install dart-sass-embedded Windows
+      run: |
+        curl -LJO https://github.com/sass/dart-sass-embedded/releases/download/1.0.0-beta.6/sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-windows-x64.zip;
+        echo "6ae442129dbb3334bc21ef851261da6c0c1b560da790ca2e1350871d00ab816d  sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-windows-x64.zip" | sha256sum -c;
+        unzip sass_embedded-1.0.0-beta.6-windows-x64.zip;
+        echo  "$env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/sass_embedded/" | Out-File -FilePath $Env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf-8 -Append
+    - name: Test
+      run: |
+        mage -v test
+        mage -v check;
+    - name: Build Docs
+      env:
+        HUGO_BUILD_TAGS: extended
+        HUGO_TIMEOUT: 31000
+        HUGO_IGNOREERRORS: error-remote-getjson
+        HUGO_SERVICES_INSTAGRAM_ACCESSTOKEN: dummytoken
+      run: |
+        mage -v hugo
+        ./hugo -s docs/
+        ./hugo --renderToMemory -s docs/
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ dock.sh
 GoBuilds
 dist

+hugolib/hugo_stats.json
 resources/sunset.jpg

 vendor
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-language: go
-
-dist: bionic
-
-env:
-  global:
-    - CACHE_NAME=${TRAVIS_ARCH}
-    - GO111MODULE=on
-    - GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org
-    - HUGO_BUILD_TAGS=extended
-
-git:
-  depth: false
-
-go:
-  - "1.12.16"
-  - "1.13.7"
-  - master
-
-arch:
-  - amd64
-  - arm64
-
-os:
-  - linux
-  - osx
-  - windows
-
-jobs:
-  allow_failures:
-    - go: master
-    - arch: arm64
-  fast_finish: true
-  exclude:
-    - os: windows
-      go: master
-    - arch: arm64
-      os: osx
-    - arch: arm64
-      os: windows
-
-cache:
-  directories:
-    - $HOME/gopath/pkg/mod
-    - $HOME/.cache/go-build
-    - $HOME/Library/Caches/go-build
-    - $HOME/AppData/Local/go-build
-
-before_install:
-  - df -h
-    # https://travis-ci.community/t/go-cant-find-gcc-with-go1-11-1-on-windows/293/5
-  - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "windows" ]; then
-        choco install mingw -y;
-        export PATH=/c/tools/mingw64/bin:"$PATH";
-    fi
-  - gem install asciidoctor
-  - type asciidoctor
-
-install:
-  - mkdir -p $HOME/src
-  - mv $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR $HOME/src
-  - export TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR=$HOME/src/hugo
-  - cd $HOME/src/hugo
-  - go get github.com/magefile/mage
-
-script:
-  - go mod download
-  - go mod verify
-  - mage -v test
-  - if [ "$TRAVIS_ARCH" = "amd64" ]; then
-        mage -v check;
-    else
-        HUGO_TIMEOUT=30000 mage -v check;
-    fi
-  - mage -v hugo
-  - ./hugo -s docs/
-  - ./hugo --renderToMemory -s docs/
-  - df -h
@@ -48,9 +48,11 @@ Hugo has become a fully featured static site generator, so any new functionality
 * strive not to break existing sites.
 * close or update an open [Hugo issue](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues)

-If it is of some complexity, the contributor is expected to maintain and support the new future (answer questions on the forum, fix any bugs etc.).
+If it is of some complexity, the contributor is expected to maintain and support the new feature in the future (answer questions on the forum, fix any bugs etc.).

-It is recommended to open up a discussion on the [Hugo Forum](https://discourse.gohugo.io/) to get feedback on your idea before you begin. If you are submitting a complex feature, create a small design proposal on the [Hugo issue tracker](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues) before you start.
+It is recommended to open up a discussion on the [Hugo Forum](https://discourse.gohugo.io/) to get feedback on your idea before you begin. 
+
+Any non-trivial code change needs to update an open [issue](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues). A non-trivial code change without an issue reference with one of the labels `bug` or `enhancement` will not be merged.

 Note that we do not accept new features that require [CGO](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/cgo).
 We have one exception to this rule which is LibSASS.
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ Now, to make a change to Hugo's source:
 1. Add your fork as a new remote (the remote name, "fork" in this example, is arbitrary):

    ```bash
-    git remote add fork git://github.com/USERNAME/hugo.git
+    git remote add fork git@github.com:USERNAME/hugo.git
    ```

 1. Push the changes to your new remote:
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 # Twitter:      https://twitter.com/gohugoio
 # Website:      https://gohugo.io/

-FROM golang:1.13-alpine AS build
+FROM golang:1.16-alpine AS build

-# Optionally set HUGO_BUILD_TAGS to "extended" when building like so:
+# Optionally set HUGO_BUILD_TAGS to "extended" or "nodeploy" when building like so:
 #   docker build --build-arg HUGO_BUILD_TAGS=extended .
 ARG HUGO_BUILD_TAGS

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ RUN mage hugo && mage install

 # ---

-FROM alpine:3.11
+FROM alpine:3.12

 COPY --from=build /go/bin/hugo /usr/bin/hugo

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ A Fast and Flexible Static Site Generator built with love by [bep](https://githu
 [Twitter](https://twitter.com/gohugoio)

 [![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/gohugoio/hugo?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/gohugoio/hugo)
-[![Linux and macOS Build Status](https://api.travis-ci.org/gohugoio/hugo.svg?branch=master&label=Windows+and+Linux+and+macOS+build "Windows, Linux and macOS Build Status")](https://travis-ci.org/gohugoio/hugo)
+[![Tests on Linux, MacOS and Windows](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/actions?query=workflow%3ATest)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/gohugoio/hugo)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/gohugoio/hugo)

 ## Overview
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Use the [installation instructions in the Hugo documentation](https://gohugo.io/
 #### Prerequisite Tools

 * [Git](https://git-scm.com/)
-* [Go (we test it with the last 2 major versions)](https://golang.org/dl/)
+* [Go (we test it with the last 2 major versions; but note that Hugo 0.81.0 only builds with >= Go 1.16.)](https://golang.org/dl/)

 #### Fetch from GitHub

@@ -69,7 +69,13 @@ go install
 ```

 **If you are a Windows user, substitute the `$HOME` environment variable above with `%USERPROFILE%`.**
-	
+
+If you want to compile with Sass/SCSS support use `--tags extended` and make sure `CGO_ENABLED=1` is set in your go environment. If you don't want to have CGO enabled, you may use the following command to temporarily enable CGO only for hugo compilation:
+
+```bash
+CGO_ENABLED=1 go install --tags extended
+```
+
 ## The Hugo Documentation

 The Hugo documentation now lives in its own repository, see https://github.com/gohugoio/hugoDocs. But we do keep a version of that documentation as a `git subtree` in this repository. To build the sub folder `/docs` as a Hugo site, you need to clone this repo:
@@ -120,68 +126,101 @@ For a complete guide to contributing code to Hugo, see the [Contribution Guide](

 ## Dependencies

-Hugo stands on the shoulder of many great open source libraries, in lexical order:
+Hugo stands on the shoulder of many great open source libraries.
+
+If you run `hugo env -v` you will get a complete and up to date list.
+
+In Hugo 0.83.0 that list is, in lexical order:
+
+```json
+cloud.google.com/go/storage="v1.10.0"
+cloud.google.com/go="v0.81.0"
+github.com/Azure/azure-pipeline-go="v0.2.2"
+github.com/Azure/azure-storage-blob-go="v0.9.0"
+github.com/BurntSushi/locker="v0.0.0-20171006230638-a6e239ea1c69"
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml="v0.3.1"
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell="v1.1.1"
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc="v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578"
+github.com/alecthomas/chroma="v0.9.1"
+github.com/armon/go-radix="v1.0.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go="v1.38.23"
+github.com/bep/debounce="v1.2.0"
+github.com/bep/gitmap="v1.1.2"
+github.com/bep/godartsass="v0.12.0"
+github.com/bep/gowebp="v0.1.0"
+github.com/bep/tmc="v0.5.1"
+github.com/cli/safeexec="v1.0.0"
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2="v2.0.0"
+github.com/danwakefield/fnmatch="v0.0.0-20160403171240-cbb64ac3d964"
+github.com/disintegration/gift="v1.2.1"
+github.com/dlclark/regexp2="v1.4.0"
+github.com/dustin/go-humanize="v1.0.0"
+github.com/evanw/esbuild="v0.11.16"
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify="v1.4.9"
+github.com/getkin/kin-openapi="v0.61.0"
+github.com/ghodss/yaml="v1.0.0"
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer="v0.19.5"
+github.com/go-openapi/swag="v0.19.5"
+github.com/gobuffalo/flect="v0.2.2"
+github.com/gobwas/glob="v0.2.3"
+github.com/gohugoio/go-i18n/v2="v2.1.3-0.20210430103248-4c28c89f8013"
+github.com/golang/groupcache="v0.0.0-20200121045136-8c9f03a8e57e"
+github.com/golang/protobuf="v1.5.2"
+github.com/google/go-cmp="v0.5.5"
+github.com/google/uuid="v1.1.2"
+github.com/google/wire="v0.4.0"
+github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2="v2.0.5"
+github.com/googleapis/gax-go="v2.0.2+incompatible"
+github.com/gorilla/websocket="v1.4.2"
+github.com/hashicorp/hcl="v1.0.0"
+github.com/jdkato/prose="v1.2.1"
+github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath="v0.4.0"
+github.com/kyokomi/emoji/v2="v2.2.8"
+github.com/magiconair/properties="v1.8.1"
+github.com/mailru/easyjson="v0.0.0-20190626092158-b2ccc519800e"
+github.com/mattn/go-ieproxy="v0.0.1"
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty="v0.0.12"
+github.com/mattn/go-runewidth="v0.0.9"
+github.com/miekg/mmark="v1.3.6"
+github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure="v1.0.0"
+github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure="v1.3.3"
+github.com/muesli/smartcrop="v0.3.0"
+github.com/niklasfasching/go-org="v1.5.0"
+github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter="v0.0.5"
+github.com/pelletier/go-toml="v1.9.0"
+github.com/pkg/errors="v0.9.1"
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal="v1.8.0"
+github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2="v2.0.1"
+github.com/russross/blackfriday="v1.5.3-0.20200218234912-41c5fccfd6f6"
+github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif="v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd"
+github.com/sanity-io/litter="v1.5.0"
+github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name="v1.0.0"
+github.com/spf13/afero="v1.6.0"
+github.com/spf13/cast="v1.3.1"
+github.com/spf13/cobra="v1.1.3"
+github.com/spf13/fsync="v0.9.0"
+github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman="v1.1.0"
+github.com/spf13/pflag="v1.0.5"
+github.com/spf13/viper="v1.7.1"
+github.com/subosito/gotenv="v1.2.0"
+github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2="v2.9.16"
+github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2="v2.5.14"
+github.com/yuin/goldmark-highlighting="v0.0.0-20200307114337-60d527fdb691"
+github.com/yuin/goldmark="v1.3.5"
+go.opencensus.io="v0.23.0"
+gocloud.dev="v0.20.0"
+golang.org/x/image="v0.0.0-20210220032944-ac19c3e999fb"
+golang.org/x/net="v0.0.0-20210316092652-d523dce5a7f4"
+golang.org/x/oauth2="v0.0.0-20210413134643-5e61552d6c78"
+golang.org/x/sync="v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c"
+golang.org/x/sys="v0.0.0-20210412220455-f1c623a9e750"
+golang.org/x/text="v0.3.6"
+golang.org/x/xerrors="v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1"
+google.golang.org/api="v0.45.0"
+google.golang.org/genproto="v0.0.0-20210413151531-c14fb6ef47c3"
+google.golang.org/grpc="v1.37.0"
+google.golang.org/protobuf="v1.26.0"
+gopkg.in/ini.v1="v1.51.1"
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2="v2.4.0"

- | Dependency  | License |
- | :------------- | :------------- |
- | [github.com/BurntSushi/locker](https://github.com/BurntSushi/locker) | The Unlicense |
- | [github.com/BurntSushi/toml](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell](https://github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell) | BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License |
- | [github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc](https://github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc) | BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License |
- | [github.com/alecthomas/chroma](https://github.com/alecthomas/chroma) |  MIT License |
- | [github.com/bep/debounce](https://github.com/bep/debounce) |    MIT License |
- | [github.com/bep/gitmap](https://github.com/bep/gitmap) |  MIT License |
- | [github.com/bep/go-tocss](https://github.com/bep/go-tocss) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/niklasfasching/go-org](https://github.com/niklasfasching/go-org) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man](https://github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/danwakefield/fnmatch](https://github.com/danwakefield/fnmatch) | BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License |
- | [github.com/disintegration/imaging](https://github.com/disintegration/imaging) |  MIT License |
- | [github.com/dlclark/regexp2](https://github.com/dlclark/regexp2) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/eknkc/amber](https://github.com/eknkc/amber) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify](https://github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify) |  BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License |
- | [github.com/gobwas/glob](https://github.com/gobwas/glob) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/gorilla/websocket](https://github.com/gorilla/websocket) |  BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License |
- | [github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix](https://github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix) | Mozilla Public License 2.0 |
- | [github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru](https://github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru) | Mozilla Public License 2.0 |
- | [github.com/hashicorp/hcl](https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl) |   Mozilla Public License 2.0 |
- | [github.com/jdkato/prose](https://github.com/jdkato/prose) |    MIT License |
- | [github.com/kyokomi/emoji](https://github.com/kyokomi/emoji) |   MIT License |
- | [github.com/magiconair/properties](https://github.com/magiconair/properties) | BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License |
- | [github.com/markbates/inflect](https://github.com/markbates/inflect) |  MIT License |
- | [github.com/mattn/go-isatty](https://github.com/mattn/go-isatty) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/mattn/go-runewidth](https://github.com/mattn/go-runewidth) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/miekg/mmark](https://github.com/miekg/mmark) | Simplified BSD License |
- | [github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure](https://github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure](https://github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/muesli/smartcrop](https://github.com/muesli/smartcrop) |   MIT License |
- | [github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n](https://github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter](https://github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/pelletier/go-toml](https://github.com/pelletier/go-toml) |  MIT License |
- | [github.com/pkg/errors](https://github.com/pkg/errors) |  BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License |
- | [github.com/russross/blackfriday](https://github.com/russross/blackfriday)  | Simplified BSD License |
- | [github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name](https://github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/spf13/afero](https://github.com/spf13/afero) | Apache License 2.0 |
- | [github.com/spf13/cast](https://github.com/spf13/cast) |  MIT License |
- | [github.com/spf13/cobra](https://github.com/spf13/cobra) | Apache License 2.0 |
- | [github.com/spf13/fsync](https://github.com/spf13/fsync) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman](https://github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/spf13/nitro](https://github.com/spf13/nitro) | Apache License 2.0 |
- | [github.com/spf13/pflag](https://github.com/spf13/pflag) | BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License |
- | [github.com/spf13/viper](https://github.com/spf13/viper) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/tdewolff/minify](https://github.com/tdewolff/minify) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/tdewolff/parse](https://github.com/tdewolff/parse) | MIT License |
- | [github.com/wellington/go-libsass](https://github.com/wellington/go-libsass) | Apache License 2.0 |
- | [github.com/yosssi/ace](https://github.com/yosssi/ace) |  MIT License |
- | [golang.org/x/image](https://golang.org/x/image) | BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License |
- | [golang.org/x/net](https://golang.org/x/net) | BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License |
- | [golang.org/x/sync](https://golang.org/x/sync) | BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License |
- | [golang.org/x/sys](https://golang.org/x/sys) | BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License |
- | [golang.org/x/text](https://golang.org/x/text) | BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License
- | [gopkg.in/yaml.v2](https://gopkg.in/yaml.v2) |    Apache License 2.0 |

-  
- 
-  
- 
- 
- 
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+## Security Policy
+
+### Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Please report (suspected) security vulnerabilities to **[bjorn.erik.pedersen@gmail.com](mailto:bjorn.erik.pedersen@gmail.com)**. You will receive a response from us within 48 hours. If we can confirm the issue, we will release a patch as soon as possible depending on the complexity of the issue but historically within days.
+
+Also see [Hugo's Security Model](https://gohugo.io/about/security-model/).
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # allow user to override go executable by running as GOEXE=xxx make ...
 GOEXE="${GOEXE-go}"

-# Send in a regexp mathing the benchmarks you want to run, i.e. './benchSite.sh "YAML"'. 
+# Send in a regexp matching the benchmarks you want to run, i.e. './benchSite.sh "YAML"'.
 # Note the quotes, which will be needed for more complex expressions.
 # The above will run all variations, but only for front matter YAML.

@@ -158,7 +158,6 @@ func (c *Cache) ReadOrCreate(id string,
 	err = create(info, f)

 	return
-
 }

 // GetOrCreate tries to get the file with the given id from cache. If not found or expired, create will
@@ -220,10 +219,9 @@ func (c *Cache) GetOrCreateBytes(id string, create func() ([]byte, error)) (Item
 		return info, nil, err
 	}
 	return info, b, nil
-
 }

-// GetBytes gets the file content with the given id from the cahce, nil if none found.
+// GetBytes gets the file content with the given id from the cache, nil if none found.
 func (c *Cache) GetBytes(id string) (ItemInfo, []byte, error) {
 	id = cleanID(id)

@@ -276,7 +274,6 @@ func (c *Cache) getOrRemove(id string) hugio.ReadSeekCloser {
 	}

 	f, err := c.Fs.Open(id)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -299,7 +296,6 @@ func (c *Cache) getString(id string) string {
 	defer c.nlocker.Unlock(id)

 	f, err := c.Fs.Open(id)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -307,7 +303,6 @@ func (c *Cache) getString(id string) string {

 	b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
 	return string(b)
-
 }

 // Caches is a named set of caches.
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
+
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
@@ -123,6 +125,9 @@ func DecodeConfig(fs afero.Fs, cfg config.Provider) (Configs, error) {
 	_, isOsFs := fs.(*afero.OsFs)

 	for k, v := range m {
+		if _, ok := v.(maps.Params); !ok {
+			continue
+		}
 		cc := defaultCacheConfig

 		dc := &mapstructure.DecoderConfig{
@@ -137,7 +142,7 @@ func DecodeConfig(fs afero.Fs, cfg config.Provider) (Configs, error) {
 		}

 		if err := decoder.Decode(v); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to decode filecache config")
 		}

 		if cc.Dir == "" {
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )

 func TestDecodeConfig(t *testing.T) {
@@ -69,7 +68,6 @@ dir = "/path/to/c3"
 	c3 := decoded["images"]
 	c.Assert(c3.MaxAge, qt.Equals, time.Duration(-1))
 	c.Assert(c3.Dir, qt.Equals, filepath.FromSlash("/path/to/c3/filecache/images"))
-
 }

 func TestDecodeConfigIgnoreCache(t *testing.T) {
@@ -110,7 +108,6 @@ dir = "/path/to/c3"
 	for _, v := range decoded {
 		c.Assert(v.MaxAge, qt.Equals, time.Duration(0))
 	}
-
 }

 func TestDecodeConfigDefault(t *testing.T) {
@@ -178,11 +175,10 @@ dir = "/"

 	_, err = DecodeConfig(fs, cfg)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-
 }

-func newTestConfig() *viper.Viper {
-	cfg := viper.New()
+func newTestConfig() config.Provider {
+	cfg := config.New()
 	cfg.Set("workingDir", filepath.FromSlash("/my/cool/hugoproject"))
 	cfg.Set("contentDir", "content")
 	cfg.Set("dataDir", "data")
@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ func (c *Cache) Prune(force bool) (int, error) {
 }

 func (c *Cache) pruneRootDir(force bool) (int, error) {
-
 	info, err := c.Fs.Stat(c.pruneAllRootDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
@@ -124,5 +123,4 @@ func (c *Cache) pruneRootDir(force bool) (int, error) {
 	}

 	return hugofs.MakeReadableAndRemoveAllModulePkgDir(c.Fs, c.pruneAllRootDir)
-
 }
@@ -107,5 +107,4 @@ dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
 		}

 	}
-
 }
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
+
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/langs"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/modules"

@@ -181,7 +183,6 @@ dir = ":cacheDir/c"
 		c.Assert(string(b), qt.Equals, "Hugo is great!")

 	}
-
 }

 func TestFileCacheConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
@@ -251,7 +252,6 @@ func TestFileCacheReadOrCreateErrorInRead(t *testing.T) {
 	var result string

 	rf := func(failLevel int) func(info ItemInfo, r io.ReadSeeker) error {
-
 		return func(info ItemInfo, r io.ReadSeeker) error {
 			if failLevel > 0 {
 				if failLevel > 1 {
@@ -314,12 +314,13 @@ func initConfig(fs afero.Fs, cfg config.Provider) error {
 	if !filepath.IsAbs(themesDir) {
 		themesDir = filepath.Join(workingDir, themesDir)
 	}
+	globAll := glob.MustCompile("**", '/')
 	modulesClient := modules.NewClient(modules.ClientConfig{
 		Fs:           fs,
 		WorkingDir:   workingDir,
 		ThemesDir:    themesDir,
 		ModuleConfig: modConfig,
-		IgnoreVendor: true,
+		IgnoreVendor: globAll,
 	})

 	moduleConfig, err := modulesClient.Collect()
@@ -344,5 +345,4 @@ func newPathsSpec(t *testing.T, fs afero.Fs, configStr string) *helpers.PathSpec
 	p, err := helpers.NewPathSpec(hugofs.NewFrom(fs, cfg), cfg, nil)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	return p
-
 }
@@ -49,13 +49,12 @@ func (c *Cache) Clear() {

 	c.cache = make(map[string]cacheEntry)
 	c.nlocker = locker.NewLocker()
-
 }

 // GetOrCreate tries to get the value with the given cache key, if not found
 // create will be called and cached.
 // This method is thread safe. It also guarantees that the create func for a given
-// key is invoced only once for this cache.
+// key is invoked only once for this cache.
 func (c *Cache) GetOrCreate(key string, create func() (interface{}, error)) (interface{}, error) {
 	c.mu.RLock()
 	entry, found := c.cache[key]
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2017-present The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package cache
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-)
-
-// Partition represents a cache partition where Load is the callback
-// for when the partition is needed.
-type Partition struct {
-	Key  string
-	Load func() (map[string]interface{}, error)
-}
-
-// Lazy represents a lazily loaded cache.
-type Lazy struct {
-	initSync sync.Once
-	initErr  error
-	cache    map[string]interface{}
-	load     func() (map[string]interface{}, error)
-}
-
-// NewLazy creates a lazy cache with the given load func.
-func NewLazy(load func() (map[string]interface{}, error)) *Lazy {
-	return &Lazy{load: load}
-}
-
-func (l *Lazy) init() error {
-	l.initSync.Do(func() {
-		c, err := l.load()
-		l.cache = c
-		l.initErr = err
-
-	})
-
-	return l.initErr
-}
-
-// Get initializes the cache if not already initialized, then looks up the
-// given key.
-func (l *Lazy) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool, error) {
-	l.init()
-	if l.initErr != nil {
-		return nil, false, l.initErr
-	}
-	v, found := l.cache[key]
-	return v, found, nil
-}
-
-// PartitionedLazyCache is a lazily loaded cache paritioned by a supplied string key.
-type PartitionedLazyCache struct {
-	partitions map[string]*Lazy
-}
-
-// NewPartitionedLazyCache creates a new NewPartitionedLazyCache with the supplied
-// partitions.
-func NewPartitionedLazyCache(partitions ...Partition) *PartitionedLazyCache {
-	lazyPartitions := make(map[string]*Lazy, len(partitions))
-	for _, partition := range partitions {
-		lazyPartitions[partition.Key] = NewLazy(partition.Load)
-	}
-	cache := &PartitionedLazyCache{partitions: lazyPartitions}
-
-	return cache
-}
-
-// Get initializes the partition if not already done so, then looks up the given
-// key in the given partition, returns nil if no value found.
-func (c *PartitionedLazyCache) Get(partition, key string) (interface{}, error) {
-	p, found := c.partitions[partition]
-
-	if !found {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	v, found, err := p.Get(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if found {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-
-}
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2017-present The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package cache
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-)
-
-func TestNewPartitionedLazyCache(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	p1 := Partition{
-		Key: "p1",
-		Load: func() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-			return map[string]interface{}{
-				"p1_1":   "p1v1",
-				"p1_2":   "p1v2",
-				"p1_nil": nil,
-			}, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	p2 := Partition{
-		Key: "p2",
-		Load: func() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-			return map[string]interface{}{
-				"p2_1": "p2v1",
-				"p2_2": "p2v2",
-				"p2_3": "p2v3",
-			}, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	cache := NewPartitionedLazyCache(p1, p2)
-
-	v, err := cache.Get("p1", "p1_1")
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, "p1v1")
-
-	v, err = cache.Get("p1", "p2_1")
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.IsNil)
-
-	v, err = cache.Get("p1", "p1_nil")
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.IsNil)
-
-	v, err = cache.Get("p2", "p2_3")
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, "p2v3")
-
-	v, err = cache.Get("doesnotexist", "p1_1")
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.IsNil)
-
-	v, err = cache.Get("p1", "doesnotexist")
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.IsNil)
-
-	errorP := Partition{
-		Key: "p3",
-		Load: func() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-			return nil, errors.New("Failed")
-		},
-	}
-
-	cache = NewPartitionedLazyCache(errorP)
-
-	v, err = cache.Get("p1", "doesnotexist")
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(v, qt.IsNil)
-
-	_, err = cache.Get("p3", "doesnotexist")
-	c.Assert(err, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-
-}
-
-func TestConcurrentPartitionedLazyCache(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
-	p1 := Partition{
-		Key: "p1",
-		Load: func() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-			return map[string]interface{}{
-				"p1_1":   "p1v1",
-				"p1_2":   "p1v2",
-				"p1_nil": nil,
-			}, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	p2 := Partition{
-		Key: "p2",
-		Load: func() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-			return map[string]interface{}{
-				"p2_1": "p2v1",
-				"p2_2": "p2v2",
-				"p2_3": "p2v3",
-			}, nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	cache := NewPartitionedLazyCache(p1, p2)
-
-	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			for j := 0; j < 10; j++ {
-				v, err := cache.Get("p1", "p1_1")
-				c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-				c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, "p1v1")
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-}
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func (c *Inspector) MethodsFromTypes(include []reflect.Type, exclude []reflect.T

 	var methods Methods

-	var excludes = make(map[string]bool)
+	excludes := make(map[string]bool)

 	if len(exclude) > 0 {
 		for _, m := range c.MethodsFromTypes(exclude, nil) {
@@ -99,11 +99,9 @@ func (c *Inspector) MethodsFromTypes(include []reflect.Type, exclude []reflect.T
 		name = pkgPrefix + name

 		return name, pkg
-
 	}

 	for _, t := range include {
-
 		for i := 0; i < t.NumMethod(); i++ {

 			m := t.Method(i)
@@ -153,7 +151,6 @@ func (c *Inspector) MethodsFromTypes(include []reflect.Type, exclude []reflect.T

 			methods = append(methods, method)
 		}
-
 	}

 	sort.SliceStable(methods, func(i, j int) bool {
@@ -167,16 +164,13 @@ func (c *Inspector) MethodsFromTypes(include []reflect.Type, exclude []reflect.T
 		}

 		return wi < wj
-
 	})

 	return methods
-
 }

 func (c *Inspector) parseSource() {
 	c.init.Do(func() {
-
 		if !strings.Contains(c.ProjectRootDir, "hugo") {
 			panic("dir must be set to the Hugo root")
 		}
@@ -200,7 +194,6 @@ func (c *Inspector) parseSource() {
 			filenames = append(filenames, path)

 			return nil
-
 		})

 		for _, filename := range filenames {
@@ -230,7 +223,6 @@ func (c *Inspector) parseSource() {
 							c.methodWeight[iface] = weights
 						}
 					}
-
 				}
 				return true
 			})
@@ -247,7 +239,6 @@ func (c *Inspector) parseSource() {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-
 	})
 }

@@ -374,7 +365,7 @@ func (m Methods) Imports() []string {
 }

 // ToMarshalJSON creates a MarshalJSON method for these methods. Any method name
-// matchin any of the regexps in excludes will be ignored.
+// matching any of the regexps in excludes will be ignored.
 func (m Methods) ToMarshalJSON(receiver, pkgPath string, excludes ...string) (string, []string) {
 	var sb strings.Builder

@@ -385,7 +376,7 @@ func (m Methods) ToMarshalJSON(receiver, pkgPath string, excludes ...string) (st
 	fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "func Marshal%sToJSON(%s %s) ([]byte, error) {\n", what, r, receiver)

 	var methods Methods
-	var excludeRes = make([]*regexp.Regexp, len(excludes))
+	excludeRes := make([]*regexp.Regexp, len(excludes))

 	for i, exclude := range excludes {
 		excludeRes[i] = regexp.MustCompile(exclude)
@@ -450,7 +441,6 @@ func (m Methods) ToMarshalJSON(receiver, pkgPath string, excludes ...string) (st
 	}

 	return sb.String(), pkgImports
-
 }

 func collectMethodsRecursive(pkg string, f []*ast.Field) []string {
@@ -481,7 +471,6 @@ func collectMethodsRecursive(pkg string, f []*ast.Field) []string {
 	}

 	return methodNames
-
 }

 func firstToLower(name string) string {
@@ -544,5 +533,4 @@ func varName(name string) string {
 	}

 	return name
-
 }
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 )

 func TestMethods(t *testing.T) {
-
 	var (
 		zeroIE     = reflect.TypeOf((*IEmbed)(nil)).Elem()
 		zeroIEOnly = reflect.TypeOf((*IEOnly)(nil)).Elem()
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ func TestMethods(t *testing.T) {
 		methodsStr := fmt.Sprint(methods)

 		c.Assert(methodsStr, qt.Contains, "MethodEmbed3(arg0 string) string")
-
 	})

 	t.Run("ToMarshalJSON", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -76,9 +74,7 @@ func TestMethods(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(pkg, qt.Contains, "encoding/json")

 		fmt.Println(pkg)
-
 	})
-
 }

 type I interface {
@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@ type checkCmd struct {
 }

 func newCheckCmd() *checkCmd {
-	return &checkCmd{baseCmd: &baseCmd{cmd: &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "check",
-		Short: "Contains some verification checks",
-	},
+	return &checkCmd{baseCmd: &baseCmd{
+		cmd: &cobra.Command{
+			Use:   "check",
+			Short: "Contains some verification checks",
+		},
 	}}
 }
@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ type checkCmd struct {
 }

 func newCheckCmd() *checkCmd {
-	cc := &checkCmd{baseCmd: &baseCmd{cmd: &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "check",
-		Short: "Contains some verification checks",
-	},
+	cc := &checkCmd{baseCmd: &baseCmd{
+		cmd: &cobra.Command{
+			Use:   "check",
+			Short: "Contains some verification checks",
+		},
 	}}

 	cc.cmd.AddCommand(newLimitCmd().getCommand())
@@ -16,22 +16,22 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"errors"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	hconfig "github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"

 	"golang.org/x/sync/semaphore"

-	"io/ioutil"
-
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/herrors"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugo"

 	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"

-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"regexp"
-	"time"
-
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"

@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ type commandeerHugoState struct {
 type commandeer struct {
 	*commandeerHugoState

-	logger *loggers.Logger
+	logger       loggers.Logger
+	serverConfig *config.Server

 	// Currently only set when in "fast render mode". But it seems to
 	// be fast enough that we could maybe just add it for all server modes.
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ func (c *commandeerHugoState) hugo() *hugolib.HugoSites {
 }

 func (c *commandeer) errCount() int {
-	return int(c.logger.ErrorCounter.Count())
+	return int(c.logger.LogCounters().ErrorCounter.Count())
 }

 func (c *commandeer) getErrorWithContext() interface{} {
@@ -153,7 +154,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) initFs(fs *hugofs.Fs) error {
 }

 func newCommandeer(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool, h *hugoBuilderCommon, f flagsToConfigHandler, cfgInit func(c *commandeer) error, subCmdVs ...*cobra.Command) (*commandeer, error) {
-
 	var rebuildDebouncer func(f func())
 	if running {
 		// The time value used is tested with mass content replacements in a fairly big Hugo site.
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func newCommandeer(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool, h *hugoBuilderCommon, f fla
 		debounce:            rebuildDebouncer,
 		fullRebuildSem:      semaphore.NewWeighted(1),
 		// This will be replaced later, but we need something to log to before the configuration is read.
-		logger: loggers.NewLogger(jww.LevelError, jww.LevelError, out, ioutil.Discard, running),
+		logger: loggers.NewLogger(jww.LevelWarn, jww.LevelError, out, ioutil.Discard, running),
 	}

 	return c, c.loadConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running)
@@ -245,7 +245,6 @@ func (f *fileChangeDetector) PrepareNew() {
 }

 func (c *commandeer) loadConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool) error {
-
 	if c.DepsCfg == nil {
 		c.DepsCfg = &deps.DepsCfg{}
 	}
@@ -274,7 +273,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) loadConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool) error {
 	environment := c.h.getEnvironment(running)

 	doWithConfig := func(cfg config.Provider) error {
-
 		if c.ftch != nil {
 			c.ftch.flagsToConfig(cfg)
 		}
@@ -305,8 +303,8 @@ func (c *commandeer) loadConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool) error {
 			WorkingDir:   dir,
 			Filename:     c.h.cfgFile,
 			AbsConfigDir: c.h.getConfigDir(dir),
-			Environ:      os.Environ(),
-			Environment:  environment},
+			Environment:  environment,
+		},
 		cfgSetAndInit,
 		doWithConfig)

@@ -343,6 +341,10 @@ func (c *commandeer) loadConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool) error {

 	cfg.Logger = logger
 	c.logger = logger
+	c.serverConfig, err = hconfig.DecodeServer(cfg.Cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}

 	createMemFs := config.GetBool("renderToMemory")

@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ func (c *commandeer) loadConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool) error {
 		}

 		// To debug hard-to-find path issues.
-		//fs.Destination = hugofs.NewStacktracerFs(fs.Destination, `fr/fr`)
+		// fs.Destination = hugofs.NewStacktracerFs(fs.Destination, `fr/fr`)

 		err = c.initFs(fs)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -395,7 +397,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) loadConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool) error {
 		h, err = hugolib.NewHugoSites(*c.DepsCfg)
 		c.hugoSites = h
 		close(c.created)
-
 	})

 	if err != nil {
@@ -408,8 +409,5 @@ func (c *commandeer) loadConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool) error {
 	}
 	config.Set("cacheDir", cacheDir)

-	cfg.Logger.INFO.Println("Using config file:", config.ConfigFileUsed())
-
 	return nil
-
 }
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ var _ commandsBuilderGetter = (*baseBuilderCmd)(nil)
 type commandsBuilderGetter interface {
 	getCommandsBuilder() *commandsBuilder
 }
+
 type baseBuilderCmd struct {
 	*baseCmd
 	*commandsBuilder
@@ -138,7 +139,6 @@ func (c *nilCommand) getCommand() *cobra.Command {
 }

 func (c *nilCommand) flagsToConfig(cfg config.Provider) {
-
 }

 func (b *commandsBuilder) newHugoCmd() *hugoCmd {
@@ -162,13 +162,21 @@ Complete documentation is available at http://gohugo.io/.`,
 				return nil
 			}

+			// prevent cobra printing error so it can be handled here (before the timeTrack prints)
+			cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+
 			c, err := initializeConfig(true, cc.buildWatch, &cc.hugoBuilderCommon, cc, cfgInit)
 			if err != nil {
+				cmd.PrintErrln("Error:", err.Error())
 				return err
 			}
 			cc.c = c

-			return c.build()
+			err = c.build()
+			if err != nil {
+				cmd.PrintErrln("Error:", err.Error())
+			}
+			return err
 		},
 	})

@@ -204,6 +212,7 @@ type hugoBuilderCommon struct {
 	environment string

 	buildWatch bool
+	poll       string

 	gc bool

@@ -212,6 +221,7 @@ type hugoBuilderCommon struct {
 	memprofile   string
 	mutexprofile string
 	traceprofile string
+	printm       bool

 	// TODO(bep) var vs string
 	logging    bool
@@ -272,6 +282,7 @@ func (cc *hugoBuilderCommon) handleCommonBuilderFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&cc.environment, "environment", "e", "", "build environment")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("themesDir", "", "", "filesystem path to themes directory")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolP("ignoreVendor", "", false, "ignores any _vendor directory")
+	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("ignoreVendorPaths", "", "", "ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern")
 }

 func (cc *hugoBuilderCommon) handleFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
@@ -289,6 +300,7 @@ func (cc *hugoBuilderCommon) handleFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&cc.baseURL, "baseURL", "b", "", "hostname (and path) to the root, e.g. http://spf13.com/")
 	cmd.Flags().Bool("enableGitInfo", false, "add Git revision, date and author info to the pages")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&cc.gc, "gc", false, "enable to run some cleanup tasks (remove unused cache files) after the build")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&cc.poll, "poll", "", "set this to a poll interval, e.g --poll 700ms, to use a poll based approach to watch for file system changes")

 	cmd.Flags().Bool("templateMetrics", false, "display metrics about template executions")
 	cmd.Flags().Bool("templateMetricsHints", false, "calculate some improvement hints when combined with --templateMetrics")
@@ -299,6 +311,7 @@ func (cc *hugoBuilderCommon) handleFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	cmd.Flags().BoolP("path-warnings", "", false, "print warnings on duplicate target paths etc.")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&cc.cpuprofile, "profile-cpu", "", "", "write cpu profile to `file`")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&cc.memprofile, "profile-mem", "", "", "write memory profile to `file`")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&cc.printm, "print-mem", "", false, "print memory usage to screen at intervals")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&cc.mutexprofile, "profile-mutex", "", "", "write Mutex profile to `file`")
 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&cc.traceprofile, "trace", "", "", "write trace to `file` (not useful in general)")

@@ -319,16 +332,12 @@ func (cc *hugoBuilderCommon) handleFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	_ = cmd.Flags().SetAnnotation("theme", cobra.BashCompSubdirsInDir, []string{"themes"})
 }

-func checkErr(logger *loggers.Logger, err error, s ...string) {
+func checkErr(logger loggers.Logger, err error, s ...string) {
 	if err == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	if len(s) == 0 {
-		logger.CRITICAL.Println(err)
-		return
-	}
 	for _, message := range s {
-		logger.ERROR.Println(message)
+		logger.Errorln(message)
 	}
-	logger.ERROR.Println(err)
+	logger.Errorln(err)
 }
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"

+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
+
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/htesting"

 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
@@ -29,13 +31,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
 )

 func TestExecute(t *testing.T) {
-
 	c := qt.New(t)

 	createSite := func(c *qt.C) (string, func()) {
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func TestExecute(t *testing.T) {
 		defer clean()
 		resp := Execute([]string{"deploy", "-s=" + dir, "-e=staging", "--target=mydeployment", "--dryRun"})
 		c.Assert(resp.Err, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(resp.Err.Error(), qt.Contains, `no provider registered for "hugocloud"`)
+		c.Assert(resp.Err.Error(), qt.Contains, `no driver registered for "hugocloud"`)
 	})

 	c.Run("list", func(c *qt.C) {
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ func TestExecute(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(config, qt.Contains, "baseURL = \"http://example.org/\"")
 		checkNewSiteInited(c, siteDir)
 	})
-
 }

 func checkNewSiteInited(c *qt.C, basepath string) {
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ func readFileFrom(c *qt.C, filename string) string {
 	return string(b)
 }

-func TestCommandsPersistentFlags(t *testing.T) {
+func TestFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)

 	noOpRunE := func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -159,96 +158,108 @@ func TestCommandsPersistentFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
 		args  []string
-		check func(command []cmder)
-	}{{[]string{"server",
-		"--config=myconfig.toml",
-		"--configDir=myconfigdir",
-		"--contentDir=mycontent",
-		"--disableKinds=page,home",
-		"--environment=testing",
-		"--configDir=myconfigdir",
-		"--layoutDir=mylayouts",
-		"--theme=mytheme",
-		"--gc",
-		"--themesDir=mythemes",
-		"--cleanDestinationDir",
-		"--navigateToChanged",
-		"--disableLiveReload",
-		"--noHTTPCache",
-		"--i18n-warnings",
-		"--destination=/tmp/mydestination",
-		"-b=https://example.com/b/",
-		"--port=1366",
-		"--renderToDisk",
-		"--source=mysource",
-		"--path-warnings",
-	}, func(commands []cmder) {
-		var sc *serverCmd
-		for _, command := range commands {
-			if b, ok := command.(commandsBuilderGetter); ok {
-				v := b.getCommandsBuilder().hugoBuilderCommon
-				c.Assert(v.cfgFile, qt.Equals, "myconfig.toml")
-				c.Assert(v.cfgDir, qt.Equals, "myconfigdir")
-				c.Assert(v.source, qt.Equals, "mysource")
-				c.Assert(v.baseURL, qt.Equals, "https://example.com/b/")
-			}
+		check func(c *qt.C, cmd *serverCmd)
+	}{
+		{
+			// https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/7642
+			name: "ignoreVendor as bool",
+			args: []string{"server", "--ignoreVendor"},
+			check: func(c *qt.C, cmd *serverCmd) {
+				cfg := config.New()
+				cmd.flagsToConfig(cfg)
+				c.Assert(cfg.Get("ignoreVendor"), qt.Equals, true)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			// https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/7642
+			name: "ignoreVendorPaths",
+			args: []string{"server", "--ignoreVendorPaths=github.com/**"},
+			check: func(c *qt.C, cmd *serverCmd) {
+				cfg := config.New()
+				cmd.flagsToConfig(cfg)
+				c.Assert(cfg.Get("ignoreVendorPaths"), qt.Equals, "github.com/**")
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Persistent flags",
+			args: []string{
+				"server",
+				"--config=myconfig.toml",
+				"--configDir=myconfigdir",
+				"--contentDir=mycontent",
+				"--disableKinds=page,home",
+				"--environment=testing",
+				"--configDir=myconfigdir",
+				"--layoutDir=mylayouts",
+				"--theme=mytheme",
+				"--gc",
+				"--themesDir=mythemes",
+				"--cleanDestinationDir",
+				"--navigateToChanged",
+				"--disableLiveReload",
+				"--noHTTPCache",
+				"--i18n-warnings",
+				"--destination=/tmp/mydestination",
+				"-b=https://example.com/b/",
+				"--port=1366",
+				"--renderToDisk",
+				"--source=mysource",
+				"--path-warnings",
+			},
+			check: func(c *qt.C, sc *serverCmd) {
+				c.Assert(sc, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+				c.Assert(sc.navigateToChanged, qt.Equals, true)
+				c.Assert(sc.disableLiveReload, qt.Equals, true)
+				c.Assert(sc.noHTTPCache, qt.Equals, true)
+				c.Assert(sc.renderToDisk, qt.Equals, true)
+				c.Assert(sc.serverPort, qt.Equals, 1366)
+				c.Assert(sc.environment, qt.Equals, "testing")

-			if srvCmd, ok := command.(*serverCmd); ok {
-				sc = srvCmd
-			}
-		}
+				cfg := config.New()
+				sc.flagsToConfig(cfg)
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetString("publishDir"), qt.Equals, "/tmp/mydestination")
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetString("contentDir"), qt.Equals, "mycontent")
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetString("layoutDir"), qt.Equals, "mylayouts")
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetStringSlice("theme"), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"mytheme"})
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetString("themesDir"), qt.Equals, "mythemes")
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetString("baseURL"), qt.Equals, "https://example.com/b/")

-		c.Assert(sc, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(sc.navigateToChanged, qt.Equals, true)
-		c.Assert(sc.disableLiveReload, qt.Equals, true)
-		c.Assert(sc.noHTTPCache, qt.Equals, true)
-		c.Assert(sc.renderToDisk, qt.Equals, true)
-		c.Assert(sc.serverPort, qt.Equals, 1366)
-		c.Assert(sc.environment, qt.Equals, "testing")
+				c.Assert(cfg.Get("disableKinds"), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"page", "home"})

-		cfg := viper.New()
-		sc.flagsToConfig(cfg)
-		c.Assert(cfg.GetString("publishDir"), qt.Equals, "/tmp/mydestination")
-		c.Assert(cfg.GetString("contentDir"), qt.Equals, "mycontent")
-		c.Assert(cfg.GetString("layoutDir"), qt.Equals, "mylayouts")
-		c.Assert(cfg.GetStringSlice("theme"), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"mytheme"})
-		c.Assert(cfg.GetString("themesDir"), qt.Equals, "mythemes")
-		c.Assert(cfg.GetString("baseURL"), qt.Equals, "https://example.com/b/")
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetBool("gc"), qt.Equals, true)

-		c.Assert(cfg.Get("disableKinds"), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"page", "home"})
+				// The flag is named path-warnings
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetBool("logPathWarnings"), qt.Equals, true)

-		c.Assert(cfg.GetBool("gc"), qt.Equals, true)
-
-		// The flag is named path-warnings
-		c.Assert(cfg.GetBool("logPathWarnings"), qt.Equals, true)
-
-		// The flag is named i18n-warnings
-		c.Assert(cfg.GetBool("logI18nWarnings"), qt.Equals, true)
-
-	}}}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		b := newCommandsBuilder()
-		root := b.addAll().build()
-
-		for _, c := range b.commands {
-			if c.getCommand() == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			// We are only intereseted in the flag handling here.
-			c.getCommand().RunE = noOpRunE
-		}
-		rootCmd := root.getCommand()
-		rootCmd.SetArgs(test.args)
-		c.Assert(rootCmd.Execute(), qt.IsNil)
-		test.check(b.commands)
+				// The flag is named i18n-warnings
+				c.Assert(cfg.GetBool("logI18nWarnings"), qt.Equals, true)
+			},
+		},
 	}

+	for _, test := range tests {
+		c.Run(test.name, func(c *qt.C) {
+			b := newCommandsBuilder()
+			root := b.addAll().build()
+
+			for _, cmd := range b.commands {
+				if cmd.getCommand() == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				// We are only intereseted in the flag handling here.
+				cmd.getCommand().RunE = noOpRunE
+			}
+			rootCmd := root.getCommand()
+			rootCmd.SetArgs(test.args)
+			c.Assert(rootCmd.Execute(), qt.IsNil)
+			test.check(c, b.commands[0].(*serverCmd))
+		})
+	}
 }

 func TestCommandsExecute(t *testing.T) {
-
 	c := qt.New(t)

 	dir, clean, err := createSimpleTestSite(t, testSiteConfig{})
@@ -317,7 +328,6 @@ func TestCommandsExecute(t *testing.T) {
 		}

 	}
-
 }

 type testSiteConfig struct {
@@ -386,7 +396,6 @@ Environment: {{ hugo.Environment }}
 `)

 	return d, clean, nil
-
 }

 func writeFile(t *testing.T, filename, content string) {
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/parser"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/parser/metadecoders"
@@ -28,7 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/modules"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )

 var _ cmder = (*configCmd)(nil)
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ func (c *configCmd) printMounts(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	allModules := cfg.Cfg.Get("allmodules").(modules.Modules)

 	for _, m := range allModules {
-		if err := parser.InterfaceToConfig(&modMounts{m: m}, metadecoders.JSON, os.Stdout); err != nil {
+		if err := parser.InterfaceToConfig(&modMounts{m: m, verbose: c.verbose}, metadecoders.JSON, os.Stdout); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ func (c *configCmd) printConfig(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	allSettings := cfg.Cfg.(*viper.Viper).AllSettings()
+	allSettings := cfg.Cfg.Get("").(maps.Params)

 	// We need to clean up this, but we store objects in the config that
 	// isn't really interesting to the end user, so filter these.
@@ -114,7 +116,8 @@ func (c *configCmd) printConfig(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 }

 type modMounts struct {
-	m modules.Module
+	verbose bool
+	m       modules.Module
 }

 type modMount struct {
@@ -134,13 +137,49 @@ func (m *modMounts) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		})
 	}

+	var ownerPath string
+	if m.m.Owner() != nil {
+		ownerPath = m.m.Owner().Path()
+	}
+
+	if m.verbose {
+		config := m.m.Config()
+		return json.Marshal(&struct {
+			Path        string                 `json:"path"`
+			Version     string                 `json:"version"`
+			Time        time.Time              `json:"time"`
+			Owner       string                 `json:"owner"`
+			Dir         string                 `json:"dir"`
+			Meta        map[string]interface{} `json:"meta"`
+			HugoVersion modules.HugoVersion    `json:"hugoVersion"`
+
+			Mounts []modMount `json:"mounts"`
+		}{
+			Path:        m.m.Path(),
+			Version:     m.m.Version(),
+			Time:        m.m.Time(),
+			Owner:       ownerPath,
+			Dir:         m.m.Dir(),
+			Meta:        config.Params,
+			HugoVersion: config.HugoVersion,
+			Mounts:      mounts,
+		})
+	}
+
 	return json.Marshal(&struct {
-		Path   string     `json:"path"`
-		Dir    string     `json:"dir"`
-		Mounts []modMount `json:"mounts"`
+		Path    string     `json:"path"`
+		Version string     `json:"version"`
+		Time    time.Time  `json:"time"`
+		Owner   string     `json:"owner"`
+		Dir     string     `json:"dir"`
+		Mounts  []modMount `json:"mounts"`
 	}{
-		Path:   m.m.Path(),
-		Dir:    m.m.Dir(),
-		Mounts: mounts,
+		Path:    m.m.Path(),
+		Version: m.m.Version(),
+		Time:    m.m.Time(),
+		Owner:   ownerPath,
+		Dir:     m.m.Dir(),
+		Mounts:  mounts,
 	})
+
 }
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -34,14 +35,10 @@ import (

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"

-	"path/filepath"
-
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

-var (
-	_ cmder = (*convertCmd)(nil)
-)
+var _ cmder = (*convertCmd)(nil)

 type convertCmd struct {
 	outputDir string
@@ -123,7 +120,7 @@ func (cc *convertCmd) convertContents(format metadecoders.Format) error {

 	site := h.Sites[0]

-	site.Log.FEEDBACK.Println("processing", len(site.AllPages()), "content files")
+	site.Log.Println("processing", len(site.AllPages()), "content files")
 	for _, p := range site.AllPages() {
 		if err := cc.convertAndSavePage(p, site, format); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -147,19 +144,19 @@ func (cc *convertCmd) convertAndSavePage(p page.Page, site *hugolib.Site, target

 	errMsg := fmt.Errorf("Error processing file %q", p.Path())

-	site.Log.INFO.Println("Attempting to convert", p.File().Filename())
+	site.Log.Infoln("Attempting to convert", p.File().Filename())

 	f := p.File()
 	file, err := f.FileInfo().Meta().Open()
 	if err != nil {
-		site.Log.ERROR.Println(errMsg)
+		site.Log.Errorln(errMsg)
 		file.Close()
 		return nil
 	}

 	pf, err := pageparser.ParseFrontMatterAndContent(file)
 	if err != nil {
-		site.Log.ERROR.Println(errMsg)
+		site.Log.Errorln(errMsg)
 		file.Close()
 		return err
 	}
@@ -179,7 +176,7 @@ func (cc *convertCmd) convertAndSavePage(p page.Page, site *hugolib.Site, target
 	var newContent bytes.Buffer
 	err = parser.InterfaceToFrontMatter(pf.FrontMatter, targetFormat, &newContent)
 	if err != nil {
-		site.Log.ERROR.Println(errMsg)
+		site.Log.Errorln(errMsg)
 		return err
 	}

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

+// +build !nodeploy
+
 package commands

 import (
@@ -25,6 +27,9 @@ var _ cmder = (*deployCmd)(nil)
 // deployCmd supports deploying sites to Cloud providers.
 type deployCmd struct {
 	*baseBuilderCmd
+
+	invalidateCDN bool
+	maxDeletes    int
 }

 // TODO: In addition to the "deploy" command, consider adding a "--deploy"
@@ -51,6 +56,8 @@ documentation.

 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			cfgInit := func(c *commandeer) error {
+				c.Set("invalidateCDN", cc.invalidateCDN)
+				c.Set("maxDeletes", cc.maxDeletes)
 				return nil
 			}
 			comm, err := initializeConfig(true, false, &cc.hugoBuilderCommon, cc, cfgInit)
@@ -69,8 +76,8 @@ documentation.
 	cmd.Flags().Bool("confirm", false, "ask for confirmation before making changes to the target")
 	cmd.Flags().Bool("dryRun", false, "dry run")
 	cmd.Flags().Bool("force", false, "force upload of all files")
-	cmd.Flags().Bool("invalidateCDN", true, "invalidate the CDN cache listed in the deployment target")
-	cmd.Flags().Int("maxDeletes", 256, "maximum # of files to delete, or -1 to disable")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&cc.invalidateCDN, "invalidateCDN", true, "invalidate the CDN cache listed in the deployment target")
+	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&cc.maxDeletes, "maxDeletes", 256, "maximum # of files to delete, or -1 to disable")

 	cc.baseBuilderCmd = b.newBuilderBasicCmd(cmd)

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"runtime"

+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugo"
+
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"
 )
@@ -27,18 +29,32 @@ type envCmd struct {
 }

 func newEnvCmd() *envCmd {
-	return &envCmd{baseCmd: newBaseCmd(&cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "env",
-		Short: "Print Hugo version and environment info",
-		Long:  `Print Hugo version and environment info. This is useful in Hugo bug reports.`,
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			printHugoVersion()
-			jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("GOOS=%q\n", runtime.GOOS)
-			jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("GOARCH=%q\n", runtime.GOARCH)
-			jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("GOVERSION=%q\n", runtime.Version())
+	return &envCmd{
+		baseCmd: newBaseCmd(&cobra.Command{
+			Use:   "env",
+			Short: "Print Hugo version and environment info",
+			Long: `Print Hugo version and environment info. This is useful in Hugo bug reports.

-			return nil
-		},
-	}),
+If you add the -v flag, you will get a full dependency list.
+`,
+			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+				printHugoVersion()
+				jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("GOOS=%q\n", runtime.GOOS)
+				jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("GOARCH=%q\n", runtime.GOARCH)
+				jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("GOVERSION=%q\n", runtime.Version())
+
+				isVerbose, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("verbose")
+
+				if isVerbose {
+					deps := hugo.GetDependencyList()
+					for _, dep := range deps {
+						jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("%s\n", dep)
+					}
+				}
+
+				return nil
+			},
+		}),
 	}
+
 }
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 package commands

 import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"
 )
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ var _ cmder = (*genautocompleteCmd)(nil)
 type genautocompleteCmd struct {
 	autocompleteTarget string

-	// bash for now (zsh and others will come)
+	// bash, zsh, fish or powershell
 	autocompleteType string

 	*baseCmd
@@ -37,44 +40,54 @@ func newGenautocompleteCmd() *genautocompleteCmd {
 		Short: "Generate shell autocompletion script for Hugo",
 		Long: `Generates a shell autocompletion script for Hugo.

-NOTE: The current version supports Bash only.
-      This should work for *nix systems with Bash installed.
+The script is written to the console (stdout).

-By default, the file is written directly to /etc/bash_completion.d
-for convenience, and the command may need superuser rights, e.g.:
+To write to file, add the ` + "`--completionfile=/path/to/file`" + ` flag.

-	$ sudo hugo gen autocomplete
-
-Add ` + "`--completionfile=/path/to/file`" + ` flag to set alternative
-file-path and name.
+Add ` + "`--type={bash, zsh, fish or powershell}`" + ` flag to set alternative
+shell type.

 Logout and in again to reload the completion scripts,
 or just source them in directly:

-	$ . /etc/bash_completion`,
+	$ . /etc/bash_completion or /path/to/file`,

 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if cc.autocompleteType != "bash" {
-				return newUserError("Only Bash is supported for now")
+			var err error
+			var target io.Writer
+
+			if cc.autocompleteTarget == "" {
+				target = os.Stdout
+			} else {
+				target, _ = os.OpenFile(cc.autocompleteTarget, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
 			}

-			err := cmd.Root().GenBashCompletionFile(cc.autocompleteTarget)
+			switch cc.autocompleteType {
+			case "bash":
+				err = cmd.Root().GenBashCompletion(target)
+			case "zsh":
+				err = cmd.Root().GenZshCompletion(target)
+			case "fish":
+				err = cmd.Root().GenFishCompletion(target, true)
+			case "powershell":
+				err = cmd.Root().GenPowerShellCompletion(target)
+			default:
+				return newUserError("Unsupported completion type")
+			}

 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}

-			jww.FEEDBACK.Println("Bash completion file for Hugo saved to", cc.autocompleteTarget)
-
+			if cc.autocompleteTarget != "" {
+				jww.FEEDBACK.Println(cc.autocompleteType+" completion file for Hugo saved to", cc.autocompleteTarget)
+			}
 			return nil
 		},
 	})

-	cc.cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&cc.autocompleteTarget, "completionfile", "", "/etc/bash_completion.d/hugo.sh", "autocompletion file")
-	cc.cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&cc.autocompleteType, "type", "", "bash", "autocompletion type (currently only bash supported)")
-
-	// For bash-completion
-	cc.cmd.PersistentFlags().SetAnnotation("completionfile", cobra.BashCompFilenameExt, []string{})
+	cc.cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&cc.autocompleteTarget, "completionfile", "f", "", "autocompletion file, defaults to stdout")
+	cc.cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&cc.autocompleteType, "type", "t", "bash", "autocompletion type (bash, zsh, fish, or powershell)")

 	return cc
 }
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

-var (
-	_ cmder = (*genChromaStyles)(nil)
-)
+var _ cmder = (*genChromaStyles)(nil)

 type genChromaStyles struct {
 	style          string
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ func (g *genChromaStyles) generate() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	formatter := html.New(html.WithClasses(true))
+	formatter := html.New(html.WithAllClasses(true))
 	formatter.WriteCSS(os.Stdout, style)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ type genDocCmd struct {

 func newGenDocCmd() *genDocCmd {
 	const gendocFrontmatterTemplate = `---
-date: %s
 title: "%s"
 slug: %s
 url: %s
@@ -57,6 +55,12 @@ It creates one Markdown file per command with front matter suitable
 for rendering in Hugo.`,

 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			cmd.VisitParents(func(c *cobra.Command) {
+				// Disable the "Auto generated by spf13/cobra on DATE"
+				// as it creates a lot of diffs.
+				c.DisableAutoGenTag = true
+			})
+
 			if !strings.HasSuffix(cc.gendocdir, helpers.FilePathSeparator) {
 				cc.gendocdir += helpers.FilePathSeparator
 			}
@@ -66,19 +70,17 @@ for rendering in Hugo.`,
 					return err
 				}
 			}
-			now := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02")
 			prepender := func(filename string) string {
 				name := filepath.Base(filename)
 				base := strings.TrimSuffix(name, path.Ext(name))
 				url := "/commands/" + strings.ToLower(base) + "/"
-				return fmt.Sprintf(gendocFrontmatterTemplate, now, strings.Replace(base, "_", " ", -1), base, url)
+				return fmt.Sprintf(gendocFrontmatterTemplate, strings.Replace(base, "_", " ", -1), base, url)
 			}

 			linkHandler := func(name string) string {
 				base := strings.TrimSuffix(name, path.Ext(name))
 				return "/commands/" + strings.ToLower(base) + "/"
 			}
-
 			jww.FEEDBACK.Println("Generating Hugo command-line documentation in", cc.gendocdir, "...")
 			doc.GenMarkdownTreeCustom(cmd.Root(), cc.gendocdir, prepender, linkHandler)
 			jww.FEEDBACK.Println("Done.")
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

-var (
-	_ cmder = (*genDocsHelper)(nil)
-)
+var _ cmder = (*genDocsHelper)(nil)

 type genDocsHelper struct {
 	target string
@@ -64,11 +62,10 @@ func (g *genDocsHelper) generate() error {
 	enc := json.NewEncoder(f)
 	enc.SetIndent("", "  ")

-	if err := enc.Encode(docshelper.DocProviders); err != nil {
+	if err := enc.Encode(docshelper.GetDocProvider()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

 	fmt.Println("Done!")
 	return nil
-
 }
@@ -19,10 +19,18 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"runtime/pprof"
 	"runtime/trace"
+	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"

@@ -31,21 +39,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/herrors"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugo"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/terminal"

-	"syscall"
-
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib/filesystems"

 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"

-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"

 	flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
@@ -119,17 +120,15 @@ func initializeConfig(mustHaveConfigFile, running bool,
 	h *hugoBuilderCommon,
 	f flagsToConfigHandler,
 	cfgInit func(c *commandeer) error) (*commandeer, error) {
-
 	c, err := newCommandeer(mustHaveConfigFile, running, h, f, cfgInit)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

 	return c, nil
-
 }

-func (c *commandeer) createLogger(cfg config.Provider, running bool) (*loggers.Logger, error) {
+func (c *commandeer) createLogger(cfg config.Provider, running bool) (loggers.Logger, error) {
 	var (
 		logHandle       = ioutil.Discard
 		logThreshold    = jww.LevelWarn
@@ -199,6 +198,7 @@ func initializeFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, cfg config.Provider) {
 		"noTimes",
 		"noChmod",
 		"ignoreVendor",
+		"ignoreVendorPaths",
 		"templateMetrics",
 		"templateMetricsHints",

@@ -231,11 +231,6 @@ func initializeFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, cfg config.Provider) {
 		"duplicateTargetPaths",
 	}

-	// Will set a value even if it is the default.
-	flagKeysForced := []string{
-		"minify",
-	}
-
 	for _, key := range persFlagKeys {
 		setValueFromFlag(cmd.PersistentFlags(), key, cfg, "", false)
 	}
@@ -243,15 +238,12 @@ func initializeFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, cfg config.Provider) {
 		setValueFromFlag(cmd.Flags(), key, cfg, "", false)
 	}

-	for _, key := range flagKeysForced {
-		setValueFromFlag(cmd.Flags(), key, cfg, "", true)
-	}
+	setValueFromFlag(cmd.Flags(), "minify", cfg, "minifyOutput", true)

 	// Set some "config aliases"
 	setValueFromFlag(cmd.Flags(), "destination", cfg, "publishDir", false)
 	setValueFromFlag(cmd.Flags(), "i18n-warnings", cfg, "logI18nWarnings", false)
 	setValueFromFlag(cmd.Flags(), "path-warnings", cfg, "logPathWarnings", false)
-
 }

 func setValueFromFlag(flags *flag.FlagSet, key string, cfg config.Provider, targetKey string, force bool) {
@@ -284,24 +276,17 @@ func setValueFromFlag(flags *flag.FlagSet, key string, cfg config.Provider, targ

 func isTerminal() bool {
 	return terminal.IsTerminal(os.Stdout)
-
-}
-func ifTerminal(s string) string {
-	if !isTerminal() {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return s
 }

 func (c *commandeer) fullBuild() error {
-
 	var (
 		g         errgroup.Group
 		langCount map[string]uint64
 	)

 	if !c.h.quiet {
-		fmt.Print(ifTerminal(hideCursor) + "Building sites … ")
+		fmt.Println("Start building sites … ")
+		fmt.Println(hugo.BuildVersionString())
 		if isTerminal() {
 			defer func() {
 				fmt.Print(showCursor + clearLine)
@@ -310,7 +295,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) fullBuild() error {
 	}

 	copyStaticFunc := func() error {
-
 		cnt, err := c.copyStatic()
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Wrap(err, "Error copying static files")
@@ -358,7 +342,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) fullBuild() error {
 	}

 	return nil
-
 }

 func (c *commandeer) initCPUProfile() (func(), error) {
@@ -386,12 +369,12 @@ func (c *commandeer) initMemProfile() {

 	f, err := os.Create(c.h.memprofile)
 	if err != nil {
-		c.logger.ERROR.Println("could not create memory profile: ", err)
+		c.logger.Errorf("could not create memory profile: ", err)
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 	runtime.GC() // get up-to-date statistics
 	if err := pprof.WriteHeapProfile(f); err != nil {
-		c.logger.ERROR.Println("could not write memory profile: ", err)
+		c.logger.Errorf("could not write memory profile: ", err)
 	}
 }

@@ -431,7 +414,33 @@ func (c *commandeer) initMutexProfile() (func(), error) {
 		pprof.Lookup("mutex").WriteTo(f, 0)
 		f.Close()
 	}, nil
+}

+func (c *commandeer) initMemTicker() func() {
+	memticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+	quit := make(chan struct{})
+	printMem := func() {
+		var m runtime.MemStats
+		runtime.ReadMemStats(&m)
+		fmt.Printf("\n\nAlloc = %v\nTotalAlloc = %v\nSys = %v\nNumGC = %v\n\n", formatByteCount(m.Alloc), formatByteCount(m.TotalAlloc), formatByteCount(m.Sys), m.NumGC)
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-memticker.C:
+				printMem()
+			case <-quit:
+				memticker.Stop()
+				printMem()
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return func() {
+		close(quit)
+	}
 }

 func (c *commandeer) initProfiling() (func(), error) {
@@ -450,6 +459,11 @@ func (c *commandeer) initProfiling() (func(), error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

+	var stopMemTicker func()
+	if c.h.printm {
+		stopMemTicker = c.initMemTicker()
+	}
+
 	return func() {
 		c.initMemProfile()

@@ -463,6 +477,10 @@ func (c *commandeer) initProfiling() (func(), error) {
 		if stopTraceProf != nil {
 			stopTraceProf()
 		}
+
+		if stopMemTicker != nil {
+			stopMemTicker()
+		}
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -491,7 +509,7 @@ func (c *commandeer) build() error {
 		if createCounter, ok := c.destinationFs.(hugofs.DuplicatesReporter); ok {
 			dupes := createCounter.ReportDuplicates()
 			if dupes != "" {
-				c.logger.WARN.Println("Duplicate target paths:", dupes)
+				c.logger.Warnln("Duplicate target paths:", dupes)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -505,13 +523,13 @@ func (c *commandeer) build() error {
 		baseWatchDir := c.Cfg.GetString("workingDir")
 		rootWatchDirs := getRootWatchDirsStr(baseWatchDir, watchDirs)

-		c.logger.FEEDBACK.Printf("Watching for changes in %s%s{%s}\n", baseWatchDir, helpers.FilePathSeparator, rootWatchDirs)
-		c.logger.FEEDBACK.Println("Press Ctrl+C to stop")
-		watcher, err := c.newWatcher(watchDirs...)
+		c.logger.Printf("Watching for changes in %s%s{%s}\n", baseWatchDir, helpers.FilePathSeparator, rootWatchDirs)
+		c.logger.Println("Press Ctrl+C to stop")
+		watcher, err := c.newWatcher(c.h.poll, watchDirs...)
 		checkErr(c.Logger, err)
 		defer watcher.Close()

-		var sigs = make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+		sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
 		signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)

 		<-sigs
@@ -521,7 +539,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) build() error {
 }

 func (c *commandeer) serverBuild() error {
-	defer c.timeTrack(time.Now(), "Built")

 	stopProfiling, err := c.initProfiling()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -557,13 +574,12 @@ func (c *commandeer) copyStatic() (map[string]uint64, error) {
 }

 func (c *commandeer) doWithPublishDirs(f func(sourceFs *filesystems.SourceFilesystem) (uint64, error)) (map[string]uint64, error) {
-
 	langCount := make(map[string]uint64)

 	staticFilesystems := c.hugo().BaseFs.SourceFilesystems.Static

 	if len(staticFilesystems) == 0 {
-		c.logger.INFO.Println("No static directories found to sync")
+		c.logger.Infoln("No static directories found to sync")
 		return langCount, nil
 	}

@@ -635,13 +651,13 @@ func (c *commandeer) copyStaticTo(sourceFs *filesystems.SourceFilesystem) (uint6
 	syncer.Delete = c.Cfg.GetBool("cleanDestinationDir")

 	if syncer.Delete {
-		c.logger.INFO.Println("removing all files from destination that don't exist in static dirs")
+		c.logger.Infoln("removing all files from destination that don't exist in static dirs")

 		syncer.DeleteFilter = func(f os.FileInfo) bool {
 			return f.IsDir() && strings.HasPrefix(f.Name(), ".")
 		}
 	}
-	c.logger.INFO.Println("syncing static files to", publishDir)
+	c.logger.Infoln("syncing static files to", publishDir)

 	// because we are using a baseFs (to get the union right).
 	// set sync src to root
@@ -662,7 +678,7 @@ func (c *commandeer) firstPathSpec() *helpers.PathSpec {

 func (c *commandeer) timeTrack(start time.Time, name string) {
 	elapsed := time.Since(start)
-	c.logger.FEEDBACK.Printf("%s in %v ms", name, int(1000*elapsed.Seconds()))
+	c.logger.Printf("%s in %v ms", name, int(1000*elapsed.Seconds()))
 }

 // getDirList provides NewWatcher() with a list of directories to watch for changes.
@@ -671,7 +687,7 @@ func (c *commandeer) getDirList() ([]string, error) {

 	walkFn := func(path string, fi hugofs.FileMetaInfo, err error) error {
 		if err != nil {
-			c.logger.ERROR.Println("walker: ", err)
+			c.logger.Errorln("walker: ", err)
 			return nil
 		}

@@ -685,7 +701,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) getDirList() ([]string, error) {
 		}

 		return nil
-
 	}

 	watchFiles := c.hugo().PathSpec.BaseFs.WatchDirs()
@@ -697,7 +712,7 @@ func (c *commandeer) getDirList() ([]string, error) {

 		w := hugofs.NewWalkway(hugofs.WalkwayConfig{Logger: c.logger, Info: fi, WalkFn: walkFn})
 		if err := w.Walk(); err != nil {
-			c.logger.ERROR.Println("walker: ", err)
+			c.logger.Errorln("walker: ", err)
 		}
 	}

@@ -713,23 +728,18 @@ func (c *commandeer) buildSites() (err error) {
 func (c *commandeer) handleBuildErr(err error, msg string) {
 	c.buildErr = err

-	c.logger.ERROR.Print(msg + ":\n\n")
-	c.logger.ERROR.Println(helpers.FirstUpper(err.Error()))
+	c.logger.Errorln(msg + ":\n")
+	c.logger.Errorln(helpers.FirstUpper(err.Error()))
 	if !c.h.quiet && c.h.verbose {
 		herrors.PrintStackTraceFromErr(err)
 	}
 }

 func (c *commandeer) rebuildSites(events []fsnotify.Event) error {
-	defer c.timeTrack(time.Now(), "Total")
-	defer func() {
-		c.wasError = false
-	}()

 	c.buildErr = nil
 	visited := c.visitedURLs.PeekAllSet()
 	if c.fastRenderMode {
-
 		// Make sure we always render the home pages
 		for _, l := range c.languages {
 			langPath := c.hugo().PathSpec.GetLangSubDir(l.Lang)
@@ -739,7 +749,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) rebuildSites(events []fsnotify.Event) error {
 			home := c.hugo().PathSpec.PrependBasePath("/"+langPath, false)
 			visited[home] = true
 		}
-
 	}
 	return c.hugo().Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{RecentlyVisited: visited, ErrRecovery: c.wasError}, events...)
 }
@@ -769,13 +778,11 @@ func (c *commandeer) fullRebuild(changeType string) {
 	c.fullRebuildSem.Acquire(context.Background(), 1)

 	go func() {
-
 		defer c.fullRebuildSem.Release(1)

 		c.printChangeDetected(changeType)

 		defer func() {
-
 			// Allow any file system events to arrive back.
 			// This will block any rebuild on config changes for the
 			// duration of the sleep.
@@ -798,13 +805,13 @@ func (c *commandeer) fullRebuild(changeType string) {
 		if !c.paused {
 			_, err := c.copyStatic()
 			if err != nil {
-				c.logger.ERROR.Println(err)
+				c.logger.Errorln(err)
 				return
 			}

 			err = c.buildSites()
 			if err != nil {
-				c.logger.ERROR.Println(err)
+				c.logger.Errorln(err)
 			} else if !c.h.buildWatch && !c.Cfg.GetBool("disableLiveReload") {
 				livereload.ForceRefresh()
 			}
@@ -813,7 +820,7 @@ func (c *commandeer) fullRebuild(changeType string) {
 }

 // newWatcher creates a new watcher to watch filesystem events.
-func (c *commandeer) newWatcher(dirList ...string) (*watcher.Batcher, error) {
+func (c *commandeer) newWatcher(pollIntervalStr string, dirList ...string) (*watcher.Batcher, error) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
 		tweakLimit()
 	}
@@ -823,8 +830,17 @@ func (c *commandeer) newWatcher(dirList ...string) (*watcher.Batcher, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	watcher, err := watcher.New(1 * time.Second)
+	var pollInterval time.Duration
+	poll := pollIntervalStr != ""
+	if poll {
+		pollInterval, err = types.ToDurationE(pollIntervalStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid value for flag poll: %s", err)
+		}
+		c.logger.Printf("Use watcher with poll interval %v", pollInterval)
+	}

+	watcher, err := watcher.New(500*time.Millisecond, pollInterval, poll)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -838,7 +854,7 @@ func (c *commandeer) newWatcher(dirList ...string) (*watcher.Batcher, error) {
 	// Identifies changes to config (config.toml) files.
 	configSet := make(map[string]bool)

-	c.logger.FEEDBACK.Println("Watching for config changes in", strings.Join(c.configFiles, ", "))
+	c.logger.Println("Watching for config changes in", strings.Join(c.configFiles, ", "))
 	for _, configFile := range c.configFiles {
 		watcher.Add(configFile)
 		configSet[configFile] = true
@@ -853,9 +869,9 @@ func (c *commandeer) newWatcher(dirList ...string) (*watcher.Batcher, error) {
 					// Need to reload browser to show the error
 					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 				}
-			case err := <-watcher.Errors:
+			case err := <-watcher.Errors():
 				if err != nil {
-					c.logger.ERROR.Println("Error while watching:", err)
+					c.logger.Errorln("Error while watching:", err)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -871,9 +887,9 @@ func (c *commandeer) printChangeDetected(typ string) {
 	}
 	msg += " detected, rebuilding site."

-	c.logger.FEEDBACK.Println(msg)
+	c.logger.Println(msg)
 	const layout = "2006-01-02 15:04:05.000 -0700"
-	c.logger.FEEDBACK.Println(time.Now().Format(layout))
+	c.logger.Println(time.Now().Format(layout))
 }

 const (
@@ -885,6 +901,9 @@ func (c *commandeer) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 	staticSyncer *staticSyncer,
 	evs []fsnotify.Event,
 	configSet map[string]bool) {
+	defer func() {
+		c.wasError = false
+	}()

 	var isHandled bool

@@ -922,7 +941,6 @@ func (c *commandeer) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 						time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 					}
 				}
-
 			}

 			// Config file(s) changed. Need full rebuild.
@@ -951,14 +969,16 @@ func (c *commandeer) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 		return
 	}

-	c.logger.INFO.Println("Received System Events:", evs)
+	c.logger.Infoln("Received System Events:", evs)

 	staticEvents := []fsnotify.Event{}
 	dynamicEvents := []fsnotify.Event{}

-	// Special handling for symbolic links inside /content.
 	filtered := []fsnotify.Event{}
 	for _, ev := range evs {
+		if c.hugo().ShouldSkipFileChangeEvent(ev) {
+			continue
+		}
 		// Check the most specific first, i.e. files.
 		contentMapped := c.hugo().ContentChanges.GetSymbolicLinkMappings(ev.Name)
 		if len(contentMapped) > 0 {
@@ -1031,7 +1051,7 @@ func (c *commandeer) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,

 		walkAdder := func(path string, f hugofs.FileMetaInfo, err error) error {
 			if f.IsDir() {
-				c.logger.FEEDBACK.Println("adding created directory to watchlist", path)
+				c.logger.Println("adding created directory to watchlist", path)
 				if err := watcher.Add(path); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
@@ -1063,15 +1083,15 @@ func (c *commandeer) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 		c.printChangeDetected("Static files")

 		if c.Cfg.GetBool("forceSyncStatic") {
-			c.logger.FEEDBACK.Printf("Syncing all static files\n")
+			c.logger.Printf("Syncing all static files\n")
 			_, err := c.copyStatic()
 			if err != nil {
-				c.logger.ERROR.Println("Error copying static files to publish dir:", err)
+				c.logger.Errorln("Error copying static files to publish dir:", err)
 				return
 			}
 		} else {
 			if err := staticSyncer.syncsStaticEvents(staticEvents); err != nil {
-				c.logger.ERROR.Println("Error syncing static files to publish dir:", err)
+				c.logger.Errorln("Error syncing static files to publish dir:", err)
 				return
 			}
 		}
@@ -1080,10 +1100,11 @@ func (c *commandeer) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 			// Will block forever trying to write to a channel that nobody is reading if livereload isn't initialized

 			// force refresh when more than one file
-			if len(staticEvents) == 1 {
+			if !c.wasError && len(staticEvents) == 1 {
 				ev := staticEvents[0]
 				path := c.hugo().BaseFs.SourceFilesystems.MakeStaticPathRelative(ev.Name)
 				path = c.firstPathSpec().RelURL(helpers.ToSlashTrimLeading(path), false)
+
 				livereload.RefreshPath(path)
 			} else {
 				livereload.ForceRefresh()
@@ -1101,12 +1122,20 @@ func (c *commandeer) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,

 		c.printChangeDetected("")
 		c.changeDetector.PrepareNew()
-		if err := c.rebuildSites(dynamicEvents); err != nil {
-			c.handleBuildErr(err, "Rebuild failed")
-		}
+
+		func() {
+			defer c.timeTrack(time.Now(), "Total")
+			if err := c.rebuildSites(dynamicEvents); err != nil {
+				c.handleBuildErr(err, "Rebuild failed")
+			}
+		}()

 		if doLiveReload {
 			if len(partitionedEvents.ContentEvents) == 0 && len(partitionedEvents.AssetEvents) > 0 {
+				if c.wasError {
+					livereload.ForceRefresh()
+					return
+				}
 				changed := c.changeDetector.changed()
 				if c.changeDetector != nil && len(changed) == 0 {
 					// Nothing has changed.
@@ -1159,7 +1188,6 @@ func partitionDynamicEvents(sourceFs *filesystems.SourceFilesystems, events []fs
 		}
 	}
 	return
-
 }

 func pickOneWriteOrCreatePath(events []fsnotify.Event) string {
@@ -1176,3 +1204,17 @@ func pickOneWriteOrCreatePath(events []fsnotify.Event) string {

 	return name
 }
+
+func formatByteCount(b uint64) string {
+	const unit = 1000
+	if b < unit {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d B", b)
+	}
+	div, exp := int64(unit), 0
+	for n := b / unit; n >= unit; n /= unit {
+		div *= unit
+		exp++
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f %cB",
+		float64(b)/float64(div), "kMGTPE"[exp])
+}
@@ -44,5 +44,4 @@ contentDir = "thisdoesnotexist"

 	_, err = cmd.ExecuteC()
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-
 }
@@ -74,11 +74,9 @@ Import from Jekyll requires two paths, e.g. ` + "`hugo import jekyll jekyll_root
 	cc.cmd.AddCommand(importJekyllCmd)

 	return cc
-
 }

 func (i *importCmd) importFromJekyll(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-
 	if len(args) < 2 {
 		return newUserError(`import from jekyll requires two paths, e.g. ` + "`hugo import jekyll jekyll_root_path target_path`.")
 	}
@@ -255,13 +253,11 @@ func (i *importCmd) loadJekyllConfig(fs afero.Fs, jekyllRoot string) map[string]
 	defer f.Close()

 	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}

 	c, err := metadecoders.Default.UnmarshalToMap(b, metadecoders.YAML)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -338,8 +334,10 @@ func (i *importCmd) copyJekyllFilesAndFolders(jekyllRoot, dest string, jekyllPos
 			}
 		} else {
 			lowerEntryName := strings.ToLower(entry.Name())
-			exceptSuffix := []string{".md", ".markdown", ".html", ".htm",
-				".xml", ".textile", "rakefile", "gemfile", ".lock"}
+			exceptSuffix := []string{
+				".md", ".markdown", ".html", ".htm",
+				".xml", ".textile", "rakefile", "gemfile", ".lock",
+			}
 			isExcept := false
 			for _, suffix := range exceptSuffix {
 				if strings.HasSuffix(lowerEntryName, suffix) {
@@ -602,8 +600,8 @@ func replaceImageTag(match string) string {
 	}
 	result.WriteString(">}}")
 	return result.String()
-
 }
+
 func replaceOptionalPart(buffer *bytes.Buffer, partName string, part string) {
 	if len(part) > 0 {
 		buffer.WriteString(partName + "=\"" + part + "\" ")
@@ -53,25 +53,41 @@ func TestConvertJekyllMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		draft    bool
 		expect   string
 	}{
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{}, "testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false,
-			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}`},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{}, "testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), true,
-			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","draft":true}`},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{"Permalink": "/permalink.html", "layout": "post"},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false,
-			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","url":"/permalink.html"}`},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{"permalink": "/permalink.html"},
+			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}`,
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), true,
+			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","draft":true}`,
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{"Permalink": "/permalink.html", "layout": "post"},
 			"testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false,
-			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","url":"/permalink.html"}`},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{"category": nil, "permalink": 123},
+			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","url":"/permalink.html"}`,
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{"permalink": "/permalink.html"},
 			"testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false,
-			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}`},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{"Excerpt_Separator": "sep"},
+			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","url":"/permalink.html"}`,
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{"category": nil, "permalink": 123},
 			"testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false,
-			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","excerpt_separator":"sep"}`},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{"category": "book", "layout": "post", "Others": "Goods", "Date": "2015-10-01 12:13:11"},
+			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}`,
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{"Excerpt_Separator": "sep"},
 			"testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false,
-			`{"Others":"Goods","categories":["book"],"date":"2015-10-01T12:13:11Z"}`},
+			`{"date":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","excerpt_separator":"sep"}`,
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{"category": "book", "layout": "post", "Others": "Goods", "Date": "2015-10-01 12:13:11"},
+			"testPost", time.Date(2015, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false,
+			`{"Others":"Goods","categories":["book"],"date":"2015-10-01T12:13:11Z"}`,
+		},
 	}

 	for _, data := range testDataList {
@@ -90,44 +106,68 @@ func TestConvertJekyllContent(t *testing.T) {
 		content  string
 		expect   string
 	}{
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
-			"Test content\r\n<!-- more -->\npart2 content", "Test content\n<!--more-->\npart2 content"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
-			"Test content\n<!-- More -->\npart2 content", "Test content\n<!--more-->\npart2 content"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{"excerpt_separator": "<!--sep-->"},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"Test content\r\n<!-- more -->\npart2 content", "Test content\n<!--more-->\npart2 content",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"Test content\n<!-- More -->\npart2 content", "Test content\n<!--more-->\npart2 content",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{"excerpt_separator": "<!--sep-->"},
 			"Test content\n<!--sep-->\npart2 content",
-			"---\nexcerpt_separator: <!--sep-->\n---\nTest content\n<!--more-->\npart2 content"},
+			"---\nexcerpt_separator: <!--sep-->\n---\nTest content\n<!--more-->\npart2 content",
+		},
 		{map[interface{}]interface{}{}, "{% raw %}text{% endraw %}", "text"},
 		{map[interface{}]interface{}{}, "{%raw%} text2 {%endraw %}", "text2"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"{% highlight go %}\nvar s int\n{% endhighlight %}",
-			"{{< highlight go >}}\nvar s int\n{{< / highlight >}}"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"{{< highlight go >}}\nvar s int\n{{< / highlight >}}",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"{% highlight go linenos hl_lines=\"1 2\" %}\nvar s string\nvar i int\n{% endhighlight %}",
-			"{{< highlight go \"linenos=table,hl_lines=1 2\" >}}\nvar s string\nvar i int\n{{< / highlight >}}"},
+			"{{< highlight go \"linenos=table,hl_lines=1 2\" >}}\nvar s string\nvar i int\n{{< / highlight >}}",
+		},

 		// Octopress image tag
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"{% img http://placekitten.com/890/280 %}",
-			"{{< figure src=\"http://placekitten.com/890/280\" >}}"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"{{< figure src=\"http://placekitten.com/890/280\" >}}",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"{% img left http://placekitten.com/320/250 Place Kitten #2 %}",
-			"{{< figure class=\"left\" src=\"http://placekitten.com/320/250\" title=\"Place Kitten #2\" >}}"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"{{< figure class=\"left\" src=\"http://placekitten.com/320/250\" title=\"Place Kitten #2\" >}}",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"{% img right http://placekitten.com/300/500 150 250 'Place Kitten #3' %}",
-			"{{< figure class=\"right\" src=\"http://placekitten.com/300/500\" width=\"150\" height=\"250\" title=\"Place Kitten #3\" >}}"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"{{< figure class=\"right\" src=\"http://placekitten.com/300/500\" width=\"150\" height=\"250\" title=\"Place Kitten #3\" >}}",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"{% img right http://placekitten.com/300/500 150 250 'Place Kitten #4' 'An image of a very cute kitten' %}",
-			"{{< figure class=\"right\" src=\"http://placekitten.com/300/500\" width=\"150\" height=\"250\" title=\"Place Kitten #4\" alt=\"An image of a very cute kitten\" >}}"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"{{< figure class=\"right\" src=\"http://placekitten.com/300/500\" width=\"150\" height=\"250\" title=\"Place Kitten #4\" alt=\"An image of a very cute kitten\" >}}",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"{% img http://placekitten.com/300/500 150 250 'Place Kitten #4' 'An image of a very cute kitten' %}",
-			"{{< figure src=\"http://placekitten.com/300/500\" width=\"150\" height=\"250\" title=\"Place Kitten #4\" alt=\"An image of a very cute kitten\" >}}"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{},
+			"{{< figure src=\"http://placekitten.com/300/500\" width=\"150\" height=\"250\" title=\"Place Kitten #4\" alt=\"An image of a very cute kitten\" >}}",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{},
 			"{% img right /placekitten/300/500 'Place Kitten #4' 'An image of a very cute kitten' %}",
-			"{{< figure class=\"right\" src=\"/placekitten/300/500\" title=\"Place Kitten #4\" alt=\"An image of a very cute kitten\" >}}"},
-		{map[interface{}]interface{}{"category": "book", "layout": "post", "Date": "2015-10-01 12:13:11"},
+			"{{< figure class=\"right\" src=\"/placekitten/300/500\" title=\"Place Kitten #4\" alt=\"An image of a very cute kitten\" >}}",
+		},
+		{
+			map[interface{}]interface{}{"category": "book", "layout": "post", "Date": "2015-10-01 12:13:11"},
 			"somecontent",
-			"---\nDate: \"2015-10-01 12:13:11\"\ncategory: book\nlayout: post\n---\nsomecontent"},
+			"---\nDate: \"2015-10-01 12:13:11\"\ncategory: book\nlayout: post\n---\nsomecontent",
+		},
 	}
 	for _, data := range testDataList {
 		result, err := convertJekyllContent(data.metadata, data.content)
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ func (lc *listCmd) buildSites(config map[string]interface{}) (*hugolib.HugoSites
 	}

 	sites, err := hugolib.NewHugoSites(*c.DepsCfg)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, newSystemError("Error creating sites", err)
 	}
@@ -77,7 +76,6 @@ List requires a subcommand, e.g. ` + "`hugo list drafts`.",
 			Long:  `List all of the drafts in your content directory.`,
 			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 				sites, err := cc.buildSites(map[string]interface{}{"buildDrafts": true})
-
 				if err != nil {
 					return newSystemError("Error building sites", err)
 				}
@@ -97,7 +95,6 @@ List requires a subcommand, e.g. ` + "`hugo list drafts`.",
 			Long:  `List all of the posts in your content directory which will be posted in the future.`,
 			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 				sites, err := cc.buildSites(map[string]interface{}{"buildFuture": true})
-
 				if err != nil {
 					return newSystemError("Error building sites", err)
 				}
@@ -126,7 +123,6 @@ List requires a subcommand, e.g. ` + "`hugo list drafts`.",
 			Long:  `List all of the posts in your content directory which has already expired.`,
 			RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 				sites, err := cc.buildSites(map[string]interface{}{"buildExpired": true})
-
 				if err != nil {
 					return newSystemError("Error building sites", err)
 				}
@@ -159,7 +155,6 @@ List requires a subcommand, e.g. ` + "`hugo list drafts`.",
 					"buildDrafts":  true,
 					"buildFuture":  true,
 				})
-
 				if err != nil {
 					return newSystemError("Error building sites", err)
 				}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2019 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/modules"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -49,8 +52,11 @@ func (c *modCmd) newVerifyCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	return verifyCmd
 }

+var moduleNotFoundRe = regexp.MustCompile("module.*not found")
+
 func (c *modCmd) newCleanCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	var pattern string
+	var all bool
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "clean",
 		Short: "Delete the Hugo Module cache for the current project.",
@@ -62,6 +68,16 @@ Also note that if you configure a positive maxAge for the "modules" file cache,
 
 `,
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			if all {
+				com, err := c.initConfig(false)
+
+				if err != nil && !moduleNotFoundRe.MatchString(err.Error()) {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				_, err = com.hugo().FileCaches.ModulesCache().Prune(true)
+				return err
+			}
 			return c.withModsClient(true, func(c *modules.Client) error {
 				return c.Clean(pattern)
 			})
@@ -69,12 +85,12 @@ Also note that if you configure a positive maxAge for the "modules" file cache,
 	}

 	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&pattern, "pattern", "", "", `pattern matching module paths to clean (all if not set), e.g. "**hugo*"`)
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&all, "all", "", false, "clean entire module cache")

 	return cmd
 }

 func (b *commandsBuilder) newModCmd() *modCmd {
-
 	c := &modCmd{}

 	const commonUsage = `
@@ -99,6 +115,8 @@ This is not needed if you only operate on modules inside /themes or if you have
 		RunE: nil,
 	}

+	cmd.AddCommand(newModNPMCmd(c))
+
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		&cobra.Command{
 			Use:                "get",
@@ -245,7 +263,6 @@ If a module is vendored, that is where Hugo will look for it's dependencies.
 	c.baseBuilderCmd = b.newBuilderCmd(cmd)

 	return c
-
 }

 func (c *modCmd) withModsClient(failOnMissingConfig bool, f func(*modules.Client) error) error {
@@ -257,6 +274,15 @@ func (c *modCmd) withModsClient(failOnMissingConfig bool, f func(*modules.Client
 	return f(com.hugo().ModulesClient)
 }

+func (c *modCmd) withHugo(f func(*hugolib.HugoSites) error) error {
+	com, err := c.initConfig(true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return f(com.hugo())
+}
+
 func (c *modCmd) initConfig(failOnNoConfig bool) (*commandeer, error) {
 	com, err := initializeConfig(failOnNoConfig, false, &c.hugoBuilderCommon, c, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/modules/npm"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func newModNPMCmd(c *modCmd) *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "npm",
+		Short: "Various npm helpers.",
+		Long:  `Various npm (Node package manager) helpers.`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return c.withHugo(func(h *hugolib.HugoSites) error {
+				return nil
+			})
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.AddCommand(&cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "pack",
+		Short: "Experimental: Prepares and writes a composite package.json file for your project.",
+		Long: `Prepares and writes a composite package.json file for your project.
+
+On first run it creates a "package.hugo.json" in the project root if not already there. This file will be used as a template file
+with the base dependency set. 
+
+This set will be merged with all "package.hugo.json" files found in the dependency tree, picking the version closest to the project.
+
+This command is marked as 'Experimental'. We think it's a great idea, so it's not likely to be
+removed from Hugo, but we need to test this out in "real life" to get a feel of it,
+so this may/will change in future versions of Hugo.
+`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return c.withHugo(func(h *hugolib.HugoSites) error {
+				return npm.Pack(h.BaseFs.SourceFs, h.BaseFs.Assets.Dirs)
+			})
+		},
+	})
+
+	return cmd
+}
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ func (n *newCmd) newContent(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}

 	c, err := initializeConfig(true, false, &n.hugoBuilderCommon, n, cfgInit)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"

+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/parser/metadecoders"

 	_errors "github.com/pkg/errors"
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/parser"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )

 var _ cmder = (*newSiteCmd)(nil)
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ Use ` + "`hugo new [contentPath]`" + ` to create new content.`,
 	cc.baseBuilderCmd = b.newBuilderBasicCmd(cmd)

 	return cc
-
 }

 func (n *newSiteCmd) doNewSite(fs *hugofs.Fs, basepath string, force bool) error {
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ func (n *newSiteCmd) newSite(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {

 	forceNew, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")

-	return n.doNewSite(hugofs.NewDefault(viper.New()), createpath, forceNew)
+	return n.doNewSite(hugofs.NewDefault(config.New()), createpath, forceNew)
 }

 func createConfig(fs *hugofs.Fs, inpath string, kind string) (err error) {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func (b *commandsBuilder) newNewThemeCmd() *newThemeCmd {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "theme [name]",
 		Short: "Create a new theme",
-		Long: `Create a new theme (skeleton) called [name] in the current directory.
+		Long: `Create a new theme (skeleton) called [name] in ./themes.
 New theme is a skeleton. Please add content to the touched files. Add your
 name to the copyright line in the license and adjust the theme.toml file
 as you see fit.`,
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ as you see fit.`,
 // newTheme creates a new Hugo theme template
 func (n *newThemeCmd) newTheme(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	c, err := initializeConfig(false, false, &n.hugoBuilderCommon, n, nil)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -145,7 +144,6 @@ CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 }

 func (n *newThemeCmd) createThemeMD(fs *hugofs.Fs, inpath string) (err error) {
-
 	by := []byte(`# theme.toml template for a Hugo theme
 # See https://github.com/gohugoio/hugoThemes#themetoml for an example

@@ -156,7 +154,7 @@ description = ""
 homepage = "http://example.com/"
 tags = []
 features = []
-min_version = "0.41"
+min_version = "0.41.0"

 [author]
  name = ""
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// +build nodeploy
+
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var _ cmder = (*deployCmd)(nil)
+
+// deployCmd supports deploying sites to Cloud providers.
+type deployCmd struct {
+	*baseBuilderCmd
+}
+
+func (b *commandsBuilder) newDeployCmd() *deployCmd {
+	cc := &deployCmd{}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "deploy",
+		Short: "Deploy your site to a Cloud provider.",
+		Long: `Deploy your site to a Cloud provider.
+
+See https://gohugo.io/hosting-and-deployment/hugo-deploy/ for detailed
+documentation.
+`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return errors.New("build without HUGO_BUILD_TAGS=nodeploy to use this command")
+		},
+	}
+
+	cc.baseBuilderCmd = b.newBuilderBasicCmd(cmd)
+
+	return cc
+}
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ func (c *releaseCommandeer) getCommand() *cobra.Command {
 }

 func (c *releaseCommandeer) flagsToConfig(cfg config.Provider) {
-
 }

 func (r *releaseCommandeer) release() error {
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/paths"
+
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/livereload"
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ func (sc *serverCmd) server(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 						// port set explicitly by user -- he/she probably meant it!
 						err = newSystemErrorF("Server startup failed: %s", err)
 					}
-					c.logger.FEEDBACK.Println("port", sc.serverPort, "already in use, attempting to use an available port")
+					c.logger.Println("port", sc.serverPort, "already in use, attempting to use an available port")
 					sp, err := helpers.FindAvailablePort()
 					if err != nil {
 						err = newSystemError("Unable to find alternative port to use:", err)
@@ -228,19 +230,30 @@ func (sc *serverCmd) server(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}

 		return err
-
 	}

 	if err := memStats(); err != nil {
 		jww.WARN.Println("memstats error:", err)
 	}

+	// silence errors in cobra so we can handle them here
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+
 	c, err := initializeConfig(true, true, &sc.hugoBuilderCommon, sc, cfgInit)
 	if err != nil {
+		cmd.PrintErrln("Error:", err.Error())
 		return err
 	}

-	if err := c.serverBuild(); err != nil {
+	err = func() error {
+		defer c.timeTrack(time.Now(), "Built")
+		err := c.serverBuild()
+		if err != nil {
+			cmd.PrintErrln("Error:", err.Error())
+		}
+		return err
+	}()
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -261,8 +274,7 @@ func (sc *serverCmd) server(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		for _, group := range watchGroups {
 			jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("Watching for changes in %s\n", group)
 		}
-		watcher, err := c.newWatcher(watchDirs...)
-
+		watcher, err := c.newWatcher(sc.poll, watchDirs...)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -272,13 +284,12 @@ func (sc *serverCmd) server(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}

 	return c.serve(sc)
-
 }

 func getRootWatchDirsStr(baseDir string, watchDirs []string) string {
 	relWatchDirs := make([]string, len(watchDirs))
 	for i, dir := range watchDirs {
-		relWatchDirs[i], _ = helpers.GetRelativePath(dir, baseDir)
+		relWatchDirs[i], _ = paths.GetRelativePath(dir, baseDir)
 	}

 	return strings.Join(helpers.UniqueStringsSorted(helpers.ExtractRootPaths(relWatchDirs)), ",")
@@ -292,6 +303,17 @@ type fileServer struct {
 	s             *serverCmd
 }

+func (f *fileServer) rewriteRequest(r *http.Request, toPath string) *http.Request {
+	r2 := new(http.Request)
+	*r2 = *r
+	r2.URL = new(url.URL)
+	*r2.URL = *r.URL
+	r2.URL.Path = toPath
+	r2.Header.Set("X-Rewrite-Original-URI", r.URL.RequestURI())
+
+	return r2
+}
+
 func (f *fileServer) createEndpoint(i int) (*http.ServeMux, string, string, error) {
 	baseURL := f.baseURLs[i]
 	root := f.roots[i]
@@ -338,13 +360,16 @@ func (f *fileServer) createEndpoint(i int) (*http.ServeMux, string, string, erro
 					w.WriteHeader(500)
 					r, err := f.errorTemplate(err)
 					if err != nil {
-						f.c.logger.ERROR.Println(err)
+						f.c.logger.Errorln(err)
 					}
+
 					port = 1313
 					if !f.c.paused {
 						port = f.c.Cfg.GetInt("liveReloadPort")
 					}
-					fmt.Fprint(w, injectLiveReloadScript(r, port))
+					lr := *u
+					lr.Host = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", lr.Hostname(), port)
+					fmt.Fprint(w, injectLiveReloadScript(r, lr))

 					return
 				}
@@ -355,31 +380,71 @@ func (f *fileServer) createEndpoint(i int) (*http.ServeMux, string, string, erro
 				w.Header().Set("Pragma", "no-cache")
 			}

+			// Ignore any query params for the operations below.
+			requestURI := strings.TrimSuffix(r.RequestURI, "?"+r.URL.RawQuery)
+
+			for _, header := range f.c.serverConfig.MatchHeaders(requestURI) {
+				w.Header().Set(header.Key, header.Value)
+			}
+
+			if redirect := f.c.serverConfig.MatchRedirect(requestURI); !redirect.IsZero() {
+				doRedirect := true
+				// This matches Netlify's behaviour and is needed for SPA behaviour.
+				// See https://docs.netlify.com/routing/redirects/rewrites-proxies/
+				if !redirect.Force {
+					path := filepath.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(requestURI, u.Path))
+					fi, err := f.c.hugo().BaseFs.PublishFs.Stat(path)
+					if err == nil {
+						if fi.IsDir() {
+							// There will be overlapping directories, so we
+							// need to check for a file.
+							_, err = f.c.hugo().BaseFs.PublishFs.Stat(filepath.Join(path, "index.html"))
+							doRedirect = err != nil
+						} else {
+							doRedirect = false
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				if doRedirect {
+					if redirect.Status == 200 {
+						if r2 := f.rewriteRequest(r, strings.TrimPrefix(redirect.To, u.Path)); r2 != nil {
+							requestURI = redirect.To
+							r = r2
+						}
+					} else {
+						w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "")
+						http.Redirect(w, r, redirect.To, redirect.Status)
+						return
+					}
+				}
+
+			}
+
 			if f.c.fastRenderMode && f.c.buildErr == nil {
-				p := r.RequestURI
-				if strings.HasSuffix(p, "/") || strings.HasSuffix(p, "html") || strings.HasSuffix(p, "htm") {
-					if !f.c.visitedURLs.Contains(p) {
+				if strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "/") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "html") || strings.HasSuffix(requestURI, "htm") {
+					if !f.c.visitedURLs.Contains(requestURI) {
 						// If not already on stack, re-render that single page.
-						if err := f.c.partialReRender(p); err != nil {
-							f.c.handleBuildErr(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render %q", p))
+						if err := f.c.partialReRender(requestURI); err != nil {
+							f.c.handleBuildErr(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render %q", requestURI))
 							if f.c.showErrorInBrowser {
-								http.Redirect(w, r, p, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
+								http.Redirect(w, r, requestURI, http.StatusMovedPermanently)
 								return
 							}
 						}
 					}

-					f.c.visitedURLs.Add(p)
+					f.c.visitedURLs.Add(requestURI)

 				}
 			}
+
 			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 		})
 	}

 	fileserver := decorate(http.FileServer(fs))
 	mu := http.NewServeMux()
-
 	if u.Path == "" || u.Path == "/" {
 		mu.Handle("/", fileserver)
 	} else {
@@ -396,8 +461,8 @@ var logErrorRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(?s)ERROR \d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{
 func removeErrorPrefixFromLog(content string) string {
 	return logErrorRe.ReplaceAllLiteralString(content, "")
 }
-func (c *commandeer) serve(s *serverCmd) error {

+func (c *commandeer) serve(s *serverCmd) error {
 	isMultiHost := c.hugo().IsMultihost()

 	var (
@@ -439,21 +504,26 @@ func (c *commandeer) serve(s *serverCmd) error {
 		livereload.Initialize()
 	}

-	var sigs = make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
 	signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)

 	for i := range baseURLs {
 		mu, serverURL, endpoint, err := srv.createEndpoint(i)

 		if doLiveReload {
-			mu.HandleFunc("/livereload.js", livereload.ServeJS)
-			mu.HandleFunc("/livereload", livereload.Handler)
+			u, err := url.Parse(helpers.SanitizeURL(baseURLs[i]))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			mu.HandleFunc(u.Path+"/livereload.js", livereload.ServeJS)
+			mu.HandleFunc(u.Path+"/livereload", livereload.Handler)
 		}
 		jww.FEEDBACK.Printf("Web Server is available at %s (bind address %s)\n", serverURL, s.serverInterface)
 		go func() {
 			err = http.ListenAndServe(endpoint, mu)
 			if err != nil {
-				c.logger.ERROR.Printf("Error: %s\n", err.Error())
+				c.logger.Errorf("Error: %s\n", err.Error())
 				os.Exit(1)
 			}
 		}()
@@ -470,6 +540,8 @@ func (c *commandeer) serve(s *serverCmd) error {
 		<-sigs
 	}

+	c.hugo().Close()
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"io"
+	"net/url"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/transform"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/transform/livereloadinject"
@@ -30,8 +31,7 @@ var buildErrorTemplate = `<!doctype html>
 		body {
 			font-family: "Muli",avenir, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";
 			font-size: 16px;
-			background-color: black;
-			color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
+			background-color: #2f1e2e;
 		}
 		main {
 			margin: auto;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ var buildErrorTemplate = `<!doctype html>
 			padding: 1rem 0;
 		}
 		.stack {
-			margin-top: 6rem;
+			margin-top: 4rem;
 		}
 		pre {
 			white-space: pre-wrap;      
@@ -54,10 +54,7 @@ var buildErrorTemplate = `<!doctype html>
 		}
 		.highlight {
 			overflow-x: auto;
-			padding: 0.75rem;
 			margin-bottom: 1rem;
-			background-color: #272822;
-			border: 1px solid black;
 		}
 		a {
 			color: #0594cb;
@@ -70,14 +67,14 @@ var buildErrorTemplate = `<!doctype html>
 	</head>
 	<body>
 		<main>
-			{{ highlight .Error "apl" "noclasses=true,style=monokai" }}
+			{{ highlight .Error "apl" "linenos=false,noclasses=true,style=paraiso-dark" }}
 			{{ with .File }}
-			{{ $params := printf "noclasses=true,style=monokai,linenos=table,hl_lines=%d,linenostart=%d" (add .LinesPos 1) (sub .Position.LineNumber .LinesPos) }}
+			{{ $params := printf "noclasses=true,style=paraiso-dark,linenos=table,hl_lines=%d,linenostart=%d" (add .LinesPos 1) (sub .Position.LineNumber .LinesPos) }}
 			{{ $lexer := .ChromaLexer | default "go-html-template" }}
 			{{  highlight (delimit .Lines "\n") $lexer $params }}
 			{{ end }}
 			{{ with .StackTrace }}
-			{{ highlight . "apl" "noclasses=true,style=monokai" }}
+			{{ highlight . "apl" "noclasses=true,style=paraiso-dark" }}
 			{{ end }}
 			<p class="version">{{ .Version }}</p>
 			<a href="">Reload Page</a>
@@ -86,9 +83,9 @@ var buildErrorTemplate = `<!doctype html>
 </html>
 `

-func injectLiveReloadScript(src io.Reader, port int) string {
+func injectLiveReloadScript(src io.Reader, baseURL url.URL) string {
 	var b bytes.Buffer
-	chain := transform.Chain{livereloadinject.New(port)}
+	chain := transform.Chain{livereloadinject.New(baseURL)}
 	chain.Apply(&b, src)

 	return b.String()
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )

 func TestServer(t *testing.T) {
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ func TestServer(t *testing.T) {

 	// Stop the server.
 	stop <- true
-
 }

 func TestFixURL(t *testing.T) {
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ func TestFixURL(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(test.TestName, func(t *testing.T) {
 			b := newCommandsBuilder()
 			s := b.newServerCmd()
-			v := viper.New()
+			v := config.New()
 			baseURL := test.CLIBaseURL
 			v.Set("baseURL", test.CfgBaseURL)
 			s.serverAppend = test.AppendPort
@@ -127,7 +126,6 @@ ERROR 2018/10/07 13:11:12 Rebuild failed: logged 1 error(s)
 	withoutError := removeErrorPrefixFromLog(content)

 	c.Assert(strings.Contains(withoutError, "ERROR"), qt.Equals, false)
-
 }

 func isWindowsCI() bool {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func (s *staticSyncer) syncsStaticEvents(staticEvents []fsnotify.Event) error {
 		syncer.DestFs = c.Fs.Destination

 		// prevent spamming the log on changes
-		logger := helpers.NewDistinctFeedbackLogger()
+		logger := helpers.NewDistinctErrorLogger()

 		for _, ev := range staticEvents {
 			// Due to our approach of layering both directories and the content's rendered output
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ func (s *staticSyncer) syncsStaticEvents(staticEvents []fsnotify.Event) error {

 			fromPath := ev.Name

-			relPath := sourceFs.MakePathRelative(fromPath)
+			relPath, found := sourceFs.MakePathRelative(fromPath)

-			if relPath == "" {
+			if !found {
 				// Not member of this virtual host.
 				continue
 			}
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ func (s *staticSyncer) syncsStaticEvents(staticEvents []fsnotify.Event) error {
 					logger.Println("Syncing", relPath, "to", publishDir)

 					if err := syncer.Sync(filepath.Join(publishDir, relPath), relPath); err != nil {
-						c.logger.ERROR.Println(err)
+						c.logger.Errorln(err)
 					}
 				} else {
-					c.logger.ERROR.Println(err)
+					c.logger.Errorln(err)
 				}

 				continue
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func (s *staticSyncer) syncsStaticEvents(staticEvents []fsnotify.Event) error {
 			// For all other event operations Hugo will sync static.
 			logger.Println("Syncing", relPath, "to", publishDir)
 			if err := syncer.Sync(filepath.Join(publishDir, relPath), relPath); err != nil {
-				c.logger.ERROR.Println(err)
+				c.logger.Errorln(err)
 			}
 		}

@@ -128,5 +128,4 @@ func (s *staticSyncer) syncsStaticEvents(staticEvents []fsnotify.Event) error {

 	_, err := c.doWithPublishDirs(syncFn)
 	return err
-
 }
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ func Append(to interface{}, from ...interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 				} else if !fromt.AssignableTo(tot) {
 					// Fall back to a []interface{} slice.
 					return appendToInterfaceSliceFromValues(tov, fromv)
-
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -36,28 +36,44 @@ func TestAppend(t *testing.T) {
 		{nil, []interface{}{"a", "b"}, []string{"a", "b"}},
 		{nil, []interface{}{nil}, []interface{}{nil}},
 		{[]interface{}{}, []interface{}{[]string{"c", "d", "e"}}, []string{"c", "d", "e"}},
-		{tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}},
+		{
+			tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}},
 			[]interface{}{&tstSlicer{"c"}},
-			tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}, &tstSlicer{"c"}}},
-		{&tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}},
+			tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}, &tstSlicer{"c"}},
+		},
+		{
+			&tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}},
 			[]interface{}{&tstSlicer{"c"}},
-			tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"},
+			tstSlicers{
+				&tstSlicer{"a"},
 				&tstSlicer{"b"},
-				&tstSlicer{"c"}}},
-		{testSlicerInterfaces{&tstSlicerIn1{"a"}, &tstSlicerIn1{"b"}},
+				&tstSlicer{"c"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			testSlicerInterfaces{&tstSlicerIn1{"a"}, &tstSlicerIn1{"b"}},
 			[]interface{}{&tstSlicerIn1{"c"}},
-			testSlicerInterfaces{&tstSlicerIn1{"a"}, &tstSlicerIn1{"b"}, &tstSlicerIn1{"c"}}},
+			testSlicerInterfaces{&tstSlicerIn1{"a"}, &tstSlicerIn1{"b"}, &tstSlicerIn1{"c"}},
+		},
 		//https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/5361
-		{[]string{"a", "b"}, []interface{}{tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}}},
-			[]interface{}{"a", "b", &tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}}},
-		{[]string{"a", "b"}, []interface{}{&tstSlicer{"a"}},
-			[]interface{}{"a", "b", &tstSlicer{"a"}}},
+		{
+			[]string{"a", "b"},
+			[]interface{}{tstSlicers{&tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}}},
+			[]interface{}{"a", "b", &tstSlicer{"a"}, &tstSlicer{"b"}},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"a", "b"},
+			[]interface{}{&tstSlicer{"a"}},
+			[]interface{}{"a", "b", &tstSlicer{"a"}},
+		},
 		// Errors
 		{"", []interface{}{[]string{"a", "b"}}, false},
 		// No string concatenation.
-		{"ab",
+		{
+			"ab",
 			[]interface{}{"c"},
-			false},
+			false,
+		},
 	} {

 		result, err := Append(test.start, test.addend...)
@@ -71,5 +87,4 @@ func TestAppend(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 		c.Assert(result, qt.DeepEquals, test.expected)
 	}
-
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package collections
+
+type Order interface {
+	// Ordinal is a zero-based ordinal that represents the order of an object
+	// in a collection.
+	Ordinal() int
+}
@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@ import (
 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
 )

-var _ Slicer = (*tstSlicer)(nil)
-var _ Slicer = (*tstSlicerIn1)(nil)
-var _ Slicer = (*tstSlicerIn2)(nil)
-var _ testSlicerInterface = (*tstSlicerIn1)(nil)
-var _ testSlicerInterface = (*tstSlicerIn1)(nil)
+var (
+	_ Slicer              = (*tstSlicer)(nil)
+	_ Slicer              = (*tstSlicerIn1)(nil)
+	_ Slicer              = (*tstSlicerIn2)(nil)
+	_ testSlicerInterface = (*tstSlicerIn1)(nil)
+	_ testSlicerInterface = (*tstSlicerIn1)(nil)
+)

 type testSlicerInterface interface {
 	Name() string
@@ -54,7 +56,6 @@ func (p *tstSlicerIn1) Slice(in interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		default:
 			return nil, errors.New("invalid type")
 		}
-
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
@@ -120,5 +121,4 @@ func TestSlice(t *testing.T) {

 		c.Assert(test.expected, qt.DeepEquals, result, errMsg)
 	}
-
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package constants
+
+// Error IDs.
+// Do not change these values.
+const (
+	ErrIDAmbigousDisableKindTaxonomy = "error-disable-taxonomy"
+	ErrIDAmbigousOutputKindTaxonomy  = "error-output-taxonomy"
+
+	// IDs for remote errors in tpl/data.
+	ErrRemoteGetJSON = "error-remote-getjson"
+	ErrRemoteGetCSV  = "error-remote-getcsv"
+)
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-// Package errors contains common Hugo errors and error related utilities.
+// Package herrors contains common Hugo errors and error related utilities.
 package herrors

 import (
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-// Package errors contains common Hugo errors and error related utilities.
+// Package herrors contains common Hugo errors and error related utilities.
 package herrors

 import (
@@ -125,5 +125,4 @@ E`, offsetMatcher)
 	c.Assert(location.Lines, qt.DeepEquals, []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"})
 	c.Assert(location.Position().LineNumber, qt.Equals, 2)
 	c.Assert(location.LinesPos, qt.Equals, 1)
-
 }
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitatio	ns under the License.
+// limitations under the License.

 package herrors

@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )

-var (
-	_ causer = (*fileError)(nil)
-)
+var _ causer = (*fileError)(nil)

 // FileError represents an error when handling a file: Parsing a config file,
 // execute a template etc.
@@ -52,5 +52,4 @@ func TestToLineNumberError(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(pos.ColumnNumber, qt.Equals, test.columnNumber, errMsg)
 		c.Assert(errors.Cause(got), qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 	}
-
 }
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitatio	ns under the License.
+// limitations under the License.

 package herrors

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package hexec
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"os/exec"
+
+	"github.com/cli/safeexec"
+)
+
+// SafeCommand is a wrapper around os/exec Command which uses a LookPath
+// implementation that does not search in current directory before looking in PATH.
+// See https://github.com/cli/safeexec and the linked issues.
+func SafeCommand(name string, arg ...string) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
+	bin, err := safeexec.LookPath(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return exec.Command(bin, arg...), nil
+}
+
+// SafeCommandContext wraps CommandContext
+// See SafeCommand for more context.
+func SafeCommandContext(ctx context.Context, name string, arg ...string) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
+	bin, err := safeexec.LookPath(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin, arg...), nil
+}
@@ -22,6 +22,42 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
 )

+// TODO(bep) replace the private versions in /tpl with these.
+// IsNumber returns whether the given kind is a number.
+func IsNumber(kind reflect.Kind) bool {
+	return IsInt(kind) || IsUint(kind) || IsFloat(kind)
+}
+
+// IsInt returns whether the given kind is an int.
+func IsInt(kind reflect.Kind) bool {
+	switch kind {
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// IsUint returns whether the given kind is an uint.
+func IsUint(kind reflect.Kind) bool {
+	switch kind {
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// IsFloat returns whether the given kind is a float.
+func IsFloat(kind reflect.Kind) bool {
+	switch kind {
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 // IsTruthful returns whether in represents a truthful value.
 // See IsTruthfulValue
 func IsTruthful(in interface{}) bool {
@@ -31,7 +67,6 @@ func IsTruthful(in interface{}) bool {
 	default:
 		return IsTruthfulValue(reflect.ValueOf(in))
 	}
-
 }

 var zeroType = reflect.TypeOf((*types.Zeroer)(nil)).Elem()
@@ -26,28 +26,29 @@ import (

 // CopyFile copies a file.
 func CopyFile(fs afero.Fs, from, to string) error {
-	sf, err := os.Open(from)
+	sf, err := fs.Open(from)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer sf.Close()
-	df, err := os.Create(to)
+	df, err := fs.Create(to)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer df.Close()
 	_, err = io.Copy(df, sf)
-	if err == nil {
-		si, err := os.Stat(from)
-		if err != nil {
-			err = os.Chmod(to, si.Mode())
-
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
+	si, err := fs.Stat(from)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fs.Chmod(to, si.Mode())
+
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ type ReadSeekCloser interface {
 }

 // ReadSeekerNoOpCloser implements ReadSeekCloser by doing nothing in Close.
-// TODO(bep) rename this and simila to ReadSeekerNopCloser, naming used in stdlib, which kind of makes sense.
+// TODO(bep) rename this and similar to ReadSeekerNopCloser, naming used in stdlib, which kind of makes sense.
 type ReadSeekerNoOpCloser struct {
 	ReadSeeker
 }
@@ -16,6 +16,18 @@ package hugo
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs/files"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
 )

 const (
@@ -24,12 +36,15 @@ const (
 )

 var (
-	// commitHash contains the current Git revision. Use make to build to make
-	// sure this gets set.
+	// commitHash contains the current Git revision.
+	// Use mage to build to make sure this gets set.
 	commitHash string

 	// buildDate contains the date of the current build.
 	buildDate string
+
+	// vendorInfo contains vendor notes about the current build.
+	vendorInfo string
 )

 // Info contains information about the current Hugo environment
@@ -54,6 +69,14 @@ func (i Info) Generator() template.HTML {
 	return template.HTML(fmt.Sprintf(`<meta name="generator" content="Hugo %s" />`, CurrentVersion.String()))
 }

+func (i Info) IsProduction() bool {
+	return i.Environment == EnvironmentProduction
+}
+
+func (i Info) IsExtended() bool {
+	return IsExtended
+}
+
 // NewInfo creates a new Hugo Info object.
 func NewInfo(environment string) Info {
 	if environment == "" {
@@ -65,3 +88,66 @@ func NewInfo(environment string) Info {
 		Environment: environment,
 	}
 }
+
+func GetExecEnviron(workDir string, cfg config.Provider, fs afero.Fs) []string {
+	env := os.Environ()
+	nodepath := filepath.Join(workDir, "node_modules")
+	if np := os.Getenv("NODE_PATH"); np != "" {
+		nodepath = workDir + string(os.PathListSeparator) + np
+	}
+	config.SetEnvVars(&env, "NODE_PATH", nodepath)
+	config.SetEnvVars(&env, "PWD", workDir)
+	config.SetEnvVars(&env, "HUGO_ENVIRONMENT", cfg.GetString("environment"))
+	fis, err := afero.ReadDir(fs, files.FolderJSConfig)
+	if err == nil {
+		for _, fi := range fis {
+			key := fmt.Sprintf("HUGO_FILE_%s", strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ToUpper(fi.Name()), ".", "_"))
+			value := fi.(hugofs.FileMetaInfo).Meta().Filename()
+			config.SetEnvVars(&env, key, value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return env
+}
+
+// GetDependencyList returns a sorted dependency list on the format package="version".
+// It includes both Go dependencies and (a manually maintained) list of C(++) dependencies.
+func GetDependencyList() []string {
+	var deps []string
+
+	formatDep := func(path, version string) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%q", path, version)
+	}
+
+	if IsExtended {
+		deps = append(
+			deps,
+			// TODO(bep) consider adding a DepsNonGo() method to these upstream projects.
+			formatDep("github.com/sass/libsass", "3.6.5"),
+			formatDep("github.com/webmproject/libwebp", "v1.2.0"),
+		)
+	}
+
+	bi, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo()
+	if !ok {
+		return deps
+	}
+
+	for _, dep := range bi.Deps {
+		deps = append(deps, formatDep(dep.Path, dep.Version))
+	}
+
+	sort.Strings(deps)
+
+	return deps
+}
+
+// IsRunningAsTest reports whether we are running as a test.
+func IsRunningAsTest() bool {
+	for _, arg := range os.Args {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-test") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
@@ -31,5 +31,9 @@ func TestHugoInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(hugoInfo.BuildDate, qt.Equals, buildDate)
 	c.Assert(hugoInfo.Environment, qt.Equals, "production")
 	c.Assert(string(hugoInfo.Generator()), qt.Contains, fmt.Sprintf("Hugo %s", hugoInfo.Version()))
+	c.Assert(hugoInfo.IsProduction(), qt.Equals, true)
+	c.Assert(hugoInfo.IsExtended(), qt.Equals, IsExtended)

+	devHugoInfo := NewInfo("development")
+	c.Assert(devHugoInfo.IsProduction(), qt.Equals, false)
 }
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package hugo
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"

@@ -128,14 +127,15 @@ func (v Version) NextPatchLevel(level int) Version {
 // BuildVersionString creates a version string. This is what you see when
 // running "hugo version".
 func BuildVersionString() string {
-	program := "Hugo Static Site Generator"
+	// program := "Hugo Static Site Generator"
+	program := "hugo"

 	version := "v" + CurrentVersion.String()
 	if commitHash != "" {
 		version += "-" + strings.ToUpper(commitHash)
 	}
 	if IsExtended {
-		version += "/extended"
+		version += "+extended"
 	}

 	osArch := runtime.GOOS + "/" + runtime.GOARCH
@@ -145,8 +145,14 @@ func BuildVersionString() string {
 		date = "unknown"
 	}

-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %s BuildDate: %s", program, version, osArch, date)
+	versionString := fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %s BuildDate=%s",
+		program, version, osArch, date)

+	if vendorInfo != "" {
+		versionString += " VendorInfo=" + vendorInfo
+	}
+
+	return versionString
 }

 func version(version float32, patchVersion int, suffix string) string {
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ package hugo
 // CurrentVersion represents the current build version.
 // This should be the only one.
 var CurrentVersion = Version{
-	Number:     0.65,
-	PatchLevel: 3,
+	Number:     0.85,
+	PatchLevel: 0,
 	Suffix:     "",
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package loggers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// IgnorableLogger is a logger that ignores certain log statements.
+type IgnorableLogger interface {
+	Logger
+	Errorsf(statementID, format string, v ...interface{})
+	Apply(logger Logger) IgnorableLogger
+}
+
+type ignorableLogger struct {
+	Logger
+	statements map[string]bool
+}
+
+// NewIgnorableLogger wraps the given logger and ignores the log statement IDs given.
+func NewIgnorableLogger(logger Logger, statements ...string) IgnorableLogger {
+	statementsSet := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, s := range statements {
+		statementsSet[strings.ToLower(s)] = true
+	}
+	return ignorableLogger{
+		Logger:     logger,
+		statements: statementsSet,
+	}
+}
+
+// Errorsf logs statementID as an ERROR if not configured as ignoreable.
+func (l ignorableLogger) Errorsf(statementID, format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	if l.statements[statementID] {
+		// Ignore.
+		return
+	}
+	ignoreMsg := fmt.Sprintf(`
+If you feel that this should not be logged as an ERROR, you can ignore it by adding this to your site config:
+ignoreErrors = [%q]`, statementID)
+
+	format += ignoreMsg
+
+	l.Errorf(format, v...)
+}
+
+func (l ignorableLogger) Apply(logger Logger) IgnorableLogger {
+	return ignorableLogger{
+		Logger:     logger,
+		statements: l.statements,
+	}
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2018 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -29,49 +29,157 @@ import (
 	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"
 )

-var (
-	// Counts ERROR logs to the global jww logger.
-	GlobalErrorCounter *jww.Counter
-)
+// Counts ERROR logs to the global jww logger.
+var GlobalErrorCounter *jww.Counter

 func init() {
 	GlobalErrorCounter = &jww.Counter{}
 	jww.SetLogListeners(jww.LogCounter(GlobalErrorCounter, jww.LevelError))
 }

-// Logger wraps a *loggers.Logger and some other related logging state.
-type Logger struct {
+func LoggerToWriterWithPrefix(logger *log.Logger, prefix string) io.Writer {
+	return prefixWriter{
+		logger: logger,
+		prefix: prefix,
+	}
+}
+
+type prefixWriter struct {
+	logger *log.Logger
+	prefix string
+}
+
+func (w prefixWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	w.logger.Printf("%s: %s", w.prefix, p)
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+type Logger interface {
+	Printf(format string, v ...interface{})
+	Println(v ...interface{})
+	PrintTimerIfDelayed(start time.Time, name string)
+	Debug() *log.Logger
+	Debugf(format string, v ...interface{})
+	Debugln(v ...interface{})
+	Info() *log.Logger
+	Infof(format string, v ...interface{})
+	Infoln(v ...interface{})
+	Warn() *log.Logger
+	Warnf(format string, v ...interface{})
+	Warnln(v ...interface{})
+	Error() *log.Logger
+	Errorf(format string, v ...interface{})
+	Errorln(v ...interface{})
+	Errors() string
+
+	Out() io.Writer
+
+	Reset()
+
+	// Used in tests.
+	LogCounters() *LogCounters
+}
+
+type LogCounters struct {
+	ErrorCounter *jww.Counter
+	WarnCounter  *jww.Counter
+}
+
+type logger struct {
 	*jww.Notepad

 	// The writer that represents stdout.
 	// Will be ioutil.Discard when in quiet mode.
-	Out io.Writer
+	out io.Writer

-	ErrorCounter *jww.Counter
-	WarnCounter  *jww.Counter
+	logCounters *LogCounters

 	// This is only set in server mode.
 	errors *bytes.Buffer
 }

+func (l *logger) Printf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	l.FEEDBACK.Printf(format, v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Println(v ...interface{}) {
+	l.FEEDBACK.Println(v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Debug() *log.Logger {
+	return l.DEBUG
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Debugf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	l.DEBUG.Printf(format, v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Debugln(v ...interface{}) {
+	l.DEBUG.Println(v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Infof(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	l.INFO.Printf(format, v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Infoln(v ...interface{}) {
+	l.INFO.Println(v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Info() *log.Logger {
+	return l.INFO
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Warnf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	l.WARN.Printf(format, v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Warnln(v ...interface{}) {
+	l.WARN.Println(v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Warn() *log.Logger {
+	return l.WARN
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Errorf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	l.ERROR.Printf(format, v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Errorln(v ...interface{}) {
+	l.ERROR.Println(v...)
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Error() *log.Logger {
+	return l.ERROR
+}
+
+func (l *logger) LogCounters() *LogCounters {
+	return l.logCounters
+}
+
+func (l *logger) Out() io.Writer {
+	return l.out
+}
+
 // PrintTimerIfDelayed prints a time statement to the FEEDBACK logger
 // if considerable time is spent.
-func (l *Logger) PrintTimerIfDelayed(start time.Time, name string) {
+func (l *logger) PrintTimerIfDelayed(start time.Time, name string) {
 	elapsed := time.Since(start)
 	milli := int(1000 * elapsed.Seconds())
 	if milli < 500 {
 		return
 	}
-	l.FEEDBACK.Printf("%s in %v ms", name, milli)
+	l.Printf("%s in %v ms", name, milli)
 }

-func (l *Logger) PrintTimer(start time.Time, name string) {
+func (l *logger) PrintTimer(start time.Time, name string) {
 	elapsed := time.Since(start)
 	milli := int(1000 * elapsed.Seconds())
-	l.FEEDBACK.Printf("%s in %v ms", name, milli)
+	l.Printf("%s in %v ms", name, milli)
 }

-func (l *Logger) Errors() string {
+func (l *logger) Errors() string {
 	if l.errors == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -79,31 +187,46 @@ func (l *Logger) Errors() string {
 }

 // Reset resets the logger's internal state.
-func (l *Logger) Reset() {
-	l.ErrorCounter.Reset()
+func (l *logger) Reset() {
+	l.logCounters.ErrorCounter.Reset()
 	if l.errors != nil {
 		l.errors.Reset()
 	}
 }

 //  NewLogger creates a new Logger for the given thresholds
-func NewLogger(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold jww.Threshold, outHandle, logHandle io.Writer, saveErrors bool) *Logger {
+func NewLogger(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold jww.Threshold, outHandle, logHandle io.Writer, saveErrors bool) Logger {
 	return newLogger(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold, outHandle, logHandle, saveErrors)
 }

 // NewDebugLogger is a convenience function to create a debug logger.
-func NewDebugLogger() *Logger {
-	return newBasicLogger(jww.LevelDebug)
+func NewDebugLogger() Logger {
+	return NewBasicLogger(jww.LevelDebug)
 }

 // NewWarningLogger is a convenience function to create a warning logger.
-func NewWarningLogger() *Logger {
-	return newBasicLogger(jww.LevelWarn)
+func NewWarningLogger() Logger {
+	return NewBasicLogger(jww.LevelWarn)
+}
+
+// NewInfoLogger is a convenience function to create a info logger.
+func NewInfoLogger() Logger {
+	return NewBasicLogger(jww.LevelInfo)
 }

 // NewErrorLogger is a convenience function to create an error logger.
-func NewErrorLogger() *Logger {
-	return newBasicLogger(jww.LevelError)
+func NewErrorLogger() Logger {
+	return NewBasicLogger(jww.LevelError)
+}
+
+// NewBasicLogger creates a new basic logger writing to Stdout.
+func NewBasicLogger(t jww.Threshold) Logger {
+	return newLogger(t, jww.LevelError, os.Stdout, ioutil.Discard, false)
+}
+
+// NewBasicLoggerForWriter creates a new basic logger writing to w.
+func NewBasicLoggerForWriter(t jww.Threshold, w io.Writer) Logger {
+	return newLogger(t, jww.LevelError, w, ioutil.Discard, false)
 }

 var (
@@ -138,7 +261,6 @@ func (a labelColorizer) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	// bytes, so we lie a little.
 	_, err = a.w.Write([]byte(replaced))
 	return len(p), err
-
 }

 // InitGlobalLogger initializes the global logger, used in some rare cases.
@@ -149,7 +271,6 @@ func InitGlobalLogger(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold jww.Threshold, outHandle, lo
 	jww.SetLogOutput(logHandle)
 	jww.SetLogThreshold(logThreshold)
 	jww.SetStdoutThreshold(stdoutThreshold)
-
 }

 func getLogWriters(outHandle, logHandle io.Writer) (io.Writer, io.Writer) {
@@ -164,7 +285,6 @@ func getLogWriters(outHandle, logHandle io.Writer) (io.Writer, io.Writer) {
 	}

 	return outHandle, logHandle
-
 }

 type fatalLogWriter int
@@ -187,7 +307,7 @@ var fatalLogListener = func(t jww.Threshold) io.Writer {
 	return new(fatalLogWriter)
 }

-func newLogger(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold jww.Threshold, outHandle, logHandle io.Writer, saveErrors bool) *Logger {
+func newLogger(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold jww.Threshold, outHandle, logHandle io.Writer, saveErrors bool) *logger {
 	errorCounter := &jww.Counter{}
 	warnCounter := &jww.Counter{}
 	outHandle, logHandle = getLogWriters(outHandle, logHandle)
@@ -207,15 +327,13 @@ func newLogger(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold jww.Threshold, outHandle, logHandle
 		listeners = append(listeners, errorCapture)
 	}

-	return &Logger{
-		Notepad:      jww.NewNotepad(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold, outHandle, logHandle, "", log.Ldate|log.Ltime, listeners...),
-		Out:          outHandle,
-		ErrorCounter: errorCounter,
-		WarnCounter:  warnCounter,
-		errors:       errorBuff,
+	return &logger{
+		Notepad: jww.NewNotepad(stdoutThreshold, logThreshold, outHandle, logHandle, "", log.Ldate|log.Ltime, listeners...),
+		out:     outHandle,
+		logCounters: &LogCounters{
+			ErrorCounter: errorCounter,
+			WarnCounter:  warnCounter,
+		},
+		errors: errorBuff,
 	}
 }
-
-func newBasicLogger(t jww.Threshold) *Logger {
-	return newLogger(t, jww.LevelError, os.Stdout, ioutil.Discard, false)
-}
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 package loggers

 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"testing"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
@@ -23,10 +26,23 @@ func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)
 	l := NewWarningLogger()

-	l.ERROR.Println("One error")
-	l.ERROR.Println("Two error")
-	l.WARN.Println("A warning")
-
-	c.Assert(l.ErrorCounter.Count(), qt.Equals, uint64(2))
+	l.Errorln("One error")
+	l.Errorln("Two error")
+	l.Warnln("A warning")

+	c.Assert(l.LogCounters().ErrorCounter.Count(), qt.Equals, uint64(2))
+}
+
+func TestLoggerToWriterWithPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+
+	logger := log.New(&b, "", 0)
+
+	w := LoggerToWriterWithPrefix(logger, "myprefix")
+
+	fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello Hugo!")
+
+	c.Assert(b.String(), qt.Equals, "myprefix: Hello Hugo!\n")
 }
@@ -14,56 +14,95 @@
 package maps

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
-
 	"github.com/spf13/cast"
 )

-// ToLower makes all the keys in the given map lower cased and will do so
-// recursively.
-// Notes:
-// * This will modify the map given.
-// * Any nested map[interface{}]interface{} will be converted to Params.
-func ToLower(m Params) {
-	for k, v := range m {
-		var retyped bool
-		switch v.(type) {
-		case map[interface{}]interface{}:
-			var p Params = cast.ToStringMap(v)
-			v = p
-			ToLower(p)
-			retyped = true
-		case map[string]interface{}:
-			var p Params = v.(map[string]interface{})
-			v = p
-			ToLower(p)
-			retyped = true
-		}
-
-		lKey := strings.ToLower(k)
-		if retyped || k != lKey {
-			delete(m, k)
-			m[lKey] = v
-		}
-	}
-}
-
+// ToStringMapE converts in to map[string]interface{}.
 func ToStringMapE(in interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	switch in.(type) {
+	switch vv := in.(type) {
 	case Params:
-		return in.(Params), nil
+		return vv, nil
+	case map[string]string:
+		var m = map[string]interface{}{}
+		for k, v := range vv {
+			m[k] = v
+		}
+		return m, nil
+
 	default:
 		return cast.ToStringMapE(in)
 	}
 }

+// ToParamsAndPrepare converts in to Params and prepares it for use.
+// See PrepareParams.
+func ToParamsAndPrepare(in interface{}) (Params, bool) {
+	m, err := ToStringMapE(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	PrepareParams(m)
+	return m, true
+}
+
+// MustToParamsAndPrepare calls ToParamsAndPrepare and panics if it fails.
+func MustToParamsAndPrepare(in interface{}) Params {
+	if p, ok := ToParamsAndPrepare(in); ok {
+		return p
+	} else {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot convert %T to maps.Params", in))
+	}
+}
+
+// ToStringMap converts in to map[string]interface{}.
 func ToStringMap(in interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
 	m, _ := ToStringMapE(in)
 	return m
 }

+// ToStringMapStringE converts in to map[string]string.
+func ToStringMapStringE(in interface{}) (map[string]string, error) {
+	m, err := ToStringMapE(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return cast.ToStringMapStringE(m)
+}
+
+// ToStringMapString converts in to map[string]string.
+func ToStringMapString(in interface{}) map[string]string {
+	m, _ := ToStringMapStringE(in)
+	return m
+}
+
+// ToStringMapBool converts in to bool.
+func ToStringMapBool(in interface{}) map[string]bool {
+	m, _ := ToStringMapE(in)
+	return cast.ToStringMapBool(m)
+}
+
+// ToSliceStringMap converts in to []map[string]interface{}.
+func ToSliceStringMap(in interface{}) ([]map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	switch v := in.(type) {
+	case []map[string]interface{}:
+		return v, nil
+	case []interface{}:
+		var s []map[string]interface{}
+		for _, entry := range v {
+			if vv, ok := entry.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+				s = append(s, vv)
+			}
+		}
+		return s, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to cast %#v of type %T to []map[string]interface{}", in, in)
+	}
+}
+
 type keyRename struct {
 	pattern glob.Glob
 	newKey  string
@@ -109,9 +148,8 @@ func (KeyRenamer) keyPath(k1, k2 string) string {
 	k1, k2 = strings.ToLower(k1), strings.ToLower(k2)
 	if k1 == "" {
 		return k2
-	} else {
-		return k1 + "/" + k2
 	}
+	return k1 + "/" + k2
 }

 func (r KeyRenamer) renamePath(parentKeyPath string, m map[string]interface{}) {
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ import (
 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
 )

-func TestToLower(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPrepareParams(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
-		input    map[string]interface{}
-		expected map[string]interface{}
+		input    Params
+		expected Params
 	}{
 		{
 			map[string]interface{}{
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ func TestToLower(t *testing.T) {
 				"gHi": map[string]interface{}{
 					"J": 25,
 				},
+				"jKl": map[string]string{
+					"M": "26",
+				},
 			},
 			Params{
 				"abc": 32,
@@ -60,14 +63,17 @@ func TestToLower(t *testing.T) {
 				"ghi": Params{
 					"j": 25,
 				},
+				"jkl": Params{
+					"m": "26",
+				},
 			},
 		},
 	}

 	for i, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			// ToLower modifies input.
-			ToLower(test.input)
+			// PrepareParams modifies input.
+			PrepareParams(test.input)
 			if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.expected, test.input) {
 				t.Errorf("[%d] Expected\n%#v, got\n%#v\n", i, test.expected, test.input)
 			}
@@ -75,6 +81,39 @@ func TestToLower(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestToSliceStringMap(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    interface{}
+		expected []map[string]interface{}
+	}{
+		{
+			input: []map[string]interface{}{
+				{"abc": 123},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]interface{}{
+				{"abc": 123},
+			},
+		}, {
+			input: []interface{}{
+				map[string]interface{}{
+					"def": 456,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]interface{}{
+				{"def": 456},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		v, err := ToSliceStringMap(test.input)
+		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+		c.Assert(v, qt.DeepEquals, test.expected)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRenameKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)

@@ -121,5 +160,4 @@ func TestRenameKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, m) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected\n%#v, got\n%#v\n", expected, m)
 	}
-
 }
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package maps

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/spf13/cast"
@@ -29,6 +30,110 @@ func (p Params) Get(indices ...string) interface{} {
 	return v
 }

+// Set overwrites values in p with values in pp for common or new keys.
+// This is done recursively.
+func (p Params) Set(pp Params) {
+	for k, v := range pp {
+		vv, found := p[k]
+		if !found {
+			p[k] = v
+		} else {
+			switch vvv := vv.(type) {
+			case Params:
+				if pv, ok := v.(Params); ok {
+					vvv.Set(pv)
+				} else {
+					p[k] = v
+				}
+			default:
+				p[k] = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// IsZero returns true if p is considered empty.
+func (p Params) IsZero() bool {
+	if p == nil || len(p) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if len(p) > 1 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for k, _ := range p {
+		return k == mergeStrategyKey
+	}
+
+	return false
+
+}
+
+// Merge transfers values from pp to p for new keys.
+// This is done recursively.
+func (p Params) Merge(pp Params) {
+	p.merge("", pp)
+}
+
+func (p Params) merge(ps ParamsMergeStrategy, pp Params) {
+	ns, found := p.GetMergeStrategy()
+
+	var ms = ns
+	if !found && ps != "" {
+		ms = ps
+	}
+
+	noUpdate := ms == ParamsMergeStrategyNone
+	noUpdate = noUpdate || (ps != "" && ps == ParamsMergeStrategyShallow)
+
+	for k, v := range pp {
+
+		if k == mergeStrategyKey {
+			continue
+		}
+		vv, found := p[k]
+
+		if found {
+			// Key matches, if both sides are Params, we try to merge.
+			if vvv, ok := vv.(Params); ok {
+				if pv, ok := v.(Params); ok {
+					vvv.merge(ms, pv)
+				}
+			}
+		} else if !noUpdate {
+			p[k] = v
+		}
+
+	}
+}
+
+func (p Params) GetMergeStrategy() (ParamsMergeStrategy, bool) {
+	if v, found := p[mergeStrategyKey]; found {
+		if s, ok := v.(ParamsMergeStrategy); ok {
+			return s, true
+		}
+	}
+	return ParamsMergeStrategyShallow, false
+}
+
+func (p Params) DeleteMergeStrategy() bool {
+	if _, found := p[mergeStrategyKey]; found {
+		delete(p, mergeStrategyKey)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (p Params) SetDefaultMergeStrategy(s ParamsMergeStrategy) {
+	switch s {
+	case ParamsMergeStrategyDeep, ParamsMergeStrategyNone, ParamsMergeStrategyShallow:
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid merge strategy %q", s))
+	}
+	p[mergeStrategyKey] = s
+}
+
 func getNested(m map[string]interface{}, indices []string) (interface{}, string, map[string]interface{}) {
 	if len(indices) == 0 {
 		return nil, "", nil
@@ -37,7 +142,11 @@ func getNested(m map[string]interface{}, indices []string) (interface{}, string,
 	first := indices[0]
 	v, found := m[strings.ToLower(cast.ToString(first))]
 	if !found {
+		if len(indices) == 1 {
+			return nil, first, m
+		}
 		return nil, "", nil
+
 	}

 	if len(indices) == 1 {
@@ -76,11 +185,10 @@ func GetNestedParam(keyStr, separator string, candidates ...Params) (interface{}
 	}

 	return nil, nil
-
 }

 func GetNestedParamFn(keyStr, separator string, lookupFn func(key string) interface{}) (interface{}, string, map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	keySegments := strings.Split(strings.ToLower(keyStr), separator)
+	keySegments := strings.Split(keyStr, separator)
 	if len(keySegments) == 0 {
 		return nil, "", nil, nil
 	}
@@ -105,3 +213,69 @@ func GetNestedParamFn(keyStr, separator string, lookupFn func(key string) interf

 	return nil, "", nil, nil
 }
+
+// ParamsMergeStrategy tells what strategy to use in Params.Merge.
+type ParamsMergeStrategy string
+
+const (
+	// Do not merge.
+	ParamsMergeStrategyNone ParamsMergeStrategy = "none"
+	// Only add new keys.
+	ParamsMergeStrategyShallow ParamsMergeStrategy = "shallow"
+	// Add new keys, merge existing.
+	ParamsMergeStrategyDeep ParamsMergeStrategy = "deep"
+
+	mergeStrategyKey = "_merge"
+)
+
+func toMergeStrategy(v interface{}) ParamsMergeStrategy {
+	s := ParamsMergeStrategy(cast.ToString(v))
+	switch s {
+	case ParamsMergeStrategyDeep, ParamsMergeStrategyNone, ParamsMergeStrategyShallow:
+		return s
+	default:
+		return ParamsMergeStrategyDeep
+	}
+}
+
+// PrepareParams
+// * makes all the keys in the given map lower cased and will do so
+// * This will modify the map given.
+// * Any nested map[interface{}]interface{}, map[string]interface{},map[string]string  will be converted to Params.
+// * Any _merge value will be converted to proper type and value.
+func PrepareParams(m Params) {
+	for k, v := range m {
+		var retyped bool
+		lKey := strings.ToLower(k)
+		if lKey == mergeStrategyKey {
+			v = toMergeStrategy(v)
+			retyped = true
+		} else {
+			switch vv := v.(type) {
+			case map[interface{}]interface{}:
+				var p Params = cast.ToStringMap(v)
+				v = p
+				PrepareParams(p)
+				retyped = true
+			case map[string]interface{}:
+				var p Params = v.(map[string]interface{})
+				v = p
+				PrepareParams(p)
+				retyped = true
+			case map[string]string:
+				p := make(Params)
+				for k, v := range vv {
+					p[k] = v
+				}
+				v = p
+				PrepareParams(p)
+				retyped = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		if retyped || k != lKey {
+			delete(m, k)
+			m[lKey] = v
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 )

 func TestGetNestedParam(t *testing.T) {
-
 	m := map[string]interface{}{
 		"string":          "value",
 		"first":           1,
@@ -47,5 +46,125 @@ func TestGetNestedParam(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(must("nested_color", "_", m), qt.Equals, "blue")
 	c.Assert(must("nested.nestednested.color", ".", m), qt.Equals, "green")
 	c.Assert(must("string.name", ".", m), qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(must("nested.foo", ".", m), qt.IsNil)
+}
+
+// https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/7903
+func TestGetNestedParamFnNestedNewKey(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	nested := map[string]interface{}{
+		"color": "blue",
+	}
+	m := map[string]interface{}{
+		"nested": nested,
+	}
+
+	existing, nestedKey, owner, err := GetNestedParamFn("nested.new", ".", func(key string) interface{} {
+		return m[key]
+	})
+
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(existing, qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(nestedKey, qt.Equals, "new")
+	c.Assert(owner, qt.DeepEquals, nested)
+}
+
+func TestParamsSetAndMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	createParamsPair := func() (Params, Params) {
+		p1 := Params{"a": "av", "c": "cv", "nested": Params{"al2": "al2v", "cl2": "cl2v"}}
+		p2 := Params{"b": "bv", "a": "abv", "nested": Params{"bl2": "bl2v", "al2": "al2bv"}, mergeStrategyKey: ParamsMergeStrategyDeep}
+		return p1, p2
+	}
+
+	p1, p2 := createParamsPair()
+
+	p1.Set(p2)
+
+	c.Assert(p1, qt.DeepEquals, Params{
+		"a": "abv",
+		"c": "cv",
+		"nested": Params{
+			"al2": "al2bv",
+			"cl2": "cl2v",
+			"bl2": "bl2v",
+		},
+		"b":              "bv",
+		mergeStrategyKey: ParamsMergeStrategyDeep,
+	})
+
+	p1, p2 = createParamsPair()
+
+	p1.Merge(p2)
+
+	// Default is to do a shallow merge.
+	c.Assert(p1, qt.DeepEquals, Params{
+		"c": "cv",
+		"nested": Params{
+			"al2": "al2v",
+			"cl2": "cl2v",
+		},
+		"b": "bv",
+		"a": "av",
+	})
+
+	p1, p2 = createParamsPair()
+	p1.SetDefaultMergeStrategy(ParamsMergeStrategyNone)
+	p1.Merge(p2)
+	p1.DeleteMergeStrategy()
+
+	c.Assert(p1, qt.DeepEquals, Params{
+		"a": "av",
+		"c": "cv",
+		"nested": Params{
+			"al2": "al2v",
+			"cl2": "cl2v",
+		},
+	})
+
+	p1, p2 = createParamsPair()
+	p1.SetDefaultMergeStrategy(ParamsMergeStrategyShallow)
+	p1.Merge(p2)
+	p1.DeleteMergeStrategy()
+
+	c.Assert(p1, qt.DeepEquals, Params{
+		"a": "av",
+		"c": "cv",
+		"nested": Params{
+			"al2": "al2v",
+			"cl2": "cl2v",
+		},
+		"b": "bv",
+	})
+
+	p1, p2 = createParamsPair()
+	p1.SetDefaultMergeStrategy(ParamsMergeStrategyDeep)
+	p1.Merge(p2)
+	p1.DeleteMergeStrategy()
+
+	c.Assert(p1, qt.DeepEquals, Params{
+		"nested": Params{
+			"al2": "al2v",
+			"cl2": "cl2v",
+			"bl2": "bl2v",
+		},
+		"b": "bv",
+		"a": "av",
+		"c": "cv",
+	})

 }
+
+func TestParamsIsZero(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	var nilParams Params
+
+	c.Assert(Params{}.IsZero(), qt.IsTrue)
+	c.Assert(nilParams.IsZero(), qt.IsTrue)
+	c.Assert(Params{"foo": "bar"}.IsZero(), qt.IsFalse)
+	c.Assert(Params{"_merge": "foo", "foo": "bar"}.IsZero(), qt.IsFalse)
+	c.Assert(Params{"_merge": "foo"}.IsZero(), qt.IsTrue)
+}
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ func NewScratcher() Scratcher {
 //
 // If the first add for a key is an array or slice, then the next value(s) will be appended.
 func (c *Scratch) Add(key string, newAddend interface{}) (string, error) {
-
 	var newVal interface{}
 	c.mu.RLock()
 	existingAddend, found := c.values[key]
@@ -107,6 +106,15 @@ func (c *Scratch) Get(key string) interface{} {
 	return val
 }

+// Values returns the raw backing map. Note that you should just use
+// this method on the locally scoped Scratch instances you obtain via newScratch, not
+// .Page.Scratch etc., as that will lead to concurrency issues.
+func (c *Scratch) Values() map[string]interface{} {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	return c.values
+}
+
 // SetInMap stores a value to a map with the given key in the Node context.
 // This map can later be retrieved with GetSortedMapValues.
 func (c *Scratch) SetInMap(key string, mapKey string, value interface{}) string {
@@ -121,6 +129,17 @@ func (c *Scratch) SetInMap(key string, mapKey string, value interface{}) string
 	return ""
 }

+// DeleteInMap deletes a value to a map with the given key in the Node context.
+func (c *Scratch) DeleteInMap(key string, mapKey string) string {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	_, found := c.values[key]
+	if found {
+		delete(c.values[key].(map[string]interface{}), mapKey)
+	}
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+	return ""
+}
+
 // GetSortedMapValues returns a sorted map previously filled with SetInMap.
 func (c *Scratch) GetSortedMapValues(key string) interface{} {
 	c.mu.RLock()
@@ -147,7 +166,7 @@ func (c *Scratch) GetSortedMapValues(key string) interface{} {
 	return sortedArray
 }

-// NewScratch returns a new instance Scratch.
+// NewScratch returns a new instance of Scratch.
 func NewScratch() *Scratch {
 	return &Scratch{values: make(map[string]interface{})}
 }
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ func TestScratchAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	scratch.Add("scratch", scratch)
 	_, err := scratch.Add("scratch", scratch)

+	m := scratch.Values()
+	c.Assert(m, qt.HasLen, 5)
+
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("Expected error from invalid arithmetic")
 	}
-
 }

 func TestScratchAddSlice(t *testing.T) {
@@ -93,7 +95,6 @@ func TestScratchAddTypedSliceToInterfaceSlice(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := scratch.Add("slice", []int{1, 2})
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(scratch.Get("slice"), qt.DeepEquals, []int{1, 2})
-
 }

 // https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/5361
@@ -107,7 +108,6 @@ func TestScratchAddDifferentTypedSliceToInterfaceSlice(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := scratch.Add("slice", []int{1, 2})
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(scratch.Get("slice"), qt.DeepEquals, []interface{}{"foo", 1, 2})
-
 }

 func TestScratchSet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -188,6 +188,20 @@ func TestScratchSetInMap(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, []interface{}{0: "Abc (updated)", 1: "Def", 2: "Lux", 3: "Zyx"})
 }

+func TestScratchDeleteInMap(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	scratch := NewScratch()
+	scratch.SetInMap("key", "lux", "Lux")
+	scratch.SetInMap("key", "abc", "Abc")
+	scratch.SetInMap("key", "zyx", "Zyx")
+	scratch.DeleteInMap("key", "abc")
+	scratch.SetInMap("key", "def", "Def")
+	scratch.DeleteInMap("key", "lmn") // Do nothing
+	c.Assert(scratch.GetSortedMapValues("key"), qt.DeepEquals, []interface{}{0: "Def", 1: "Lux", 2: "Zyx"})
+}
+
 func TestScratchGetSortedMapValues(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	scratch := NewScratch()
@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@ package para
 import (
 	"context"
 	"runtime"
-
 	"sort"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/htesting"
+
 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
 )

@@ -31,6 +32,10 @@ func TestPara(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skipf("skip para test, CPU count is %d", runtime.NumCPU())
 	}

+	if !htesting.IsCI() {
+		t.Skip("skip para test when not running on CI")
+	}
+
 	c := qt.New(t)

 	c.Run("Order", func(c *qt.C) {
@@ -60,7 +65,6 @@ func TestPara(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(sort.IntsAreSorted(result), qt.Equals, false, qt.Commentf("Para does not seem to be parallel"))
 		sort.Ints(result)
 		c.Assert(result, qt.DeepEquals, ints)
-
 	})

 	c.Run("Time", func(c *qt.C) {
@@ -83,8 +87,9 @@ func TestPara(t *testing.T) {

 		c.Assert(r.Wait(), qt.IsNil)
 		c.Assert(counter, qt.Equals, int64(n))
-		c.Assert(time.Since(start) < n/2*time.Millisecond, qt.Equals, true)

+		since := time.Since(start)
+		limit := n / 2 * time.Millisecond
+		c.Assert(since < limit, qt.Equals, true, qt.Commentf("%s >= %s", since, limit))
 	})
-
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package paths
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// FilePathSeparator as defined by os.Separator.
+const FilePathSeparator = string(filepath.Separator)
+
+// filepathPathBridge is a bridge for common functionality in filepath vs path
+type filepathPathBridge interface {
+	Base(in string) string
+	Clean(in string) string
+	Dir(in string) string
+	Ext(in string) string
+	Join(elem ...string) string
+	Separator() string
+}
+
+type filepathBridge struct {
+}
+
+func (filepathBridge) Base(in string) string {
+	return filepath.Base(in)
+}
+
+func (filepathBridge) Clean(in string) string {
+	return filepath.Clean(in)
+}
+
+func (filepathBridge) Dir(in string) string {
+	return filepath.Dir(in)
+}
+
+func (filepathBridge) Ext(in string) string {
+	return filepath.Ext(in)
+}
+
+func (filepathBridge) Join(elem ...string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(elem...)
+}
+
+func (filepathBridge) Separator() string {
+	return FilePathSeparator
+}
+
+var fpb filepathBridge
+
+// ToSlashTrimLeading is just a filepath.ToSlash with an added / prefix trimmer.
+func ToSlashTrimLeading(s string) string {
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
+}
+
+// MakeTitle converts the path given to a suitable title, trimming whitespace
+// and replacing hyphens with whitespace.
+func MakeTitle(inpath string) string {
+	return strings.Replace(strings.TrimSpace(inpath), "-", " ", -1)
+}
+
+// ReplaceExtension takes a path and an extension, strips the old extension
+// and returns the path with the new extension.
+func ReplaceExtension(path string, newExt string) string {
+	f, _ := fileAndExt(path, fpb)
+	return f + "." + newExt
+}
+
+func makePathRelative(inPath string, possibleDirectories ...string) (string, error) {
+	for _, currentPath := range possibleDirectories {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(inPath, currentPath) {
+			return strings.TrimPrefix(inPath, currentPath), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return inPath, errors.New("can't extract relative path, unknown prefix")
+}
+
+// Should be good enough for Hugo.
+var isFileRe = regexp.MustCompile(`.*\..{1,6}$`)
+
+// GetDottedRelativePath expects a relative path starting after the content directory.
+// It returns a relative path with dots ("..") navigating up the path structure.
+func GetDottedRelativePath(inPath string) string {
+	inPath = filepath.Clean(filepath.FromSlash(inPath))
+
+	if inPath == "." {
+		return "./"
+	}
+
+	if !isFileRe.MatchString(inPath) && !strings.HasSuffix(inPath, FilePathSeparator) {
+		inPath += FilePathSeparator
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(inPath, FilePathSeparator) {
+		inPath = FilePathSeparator + inPath
+	}
+
+	dir, _ := filepath.Split(inPath)
+
+	sectionCount := strings.Count(dir, FilePathSeparator)
+
+	if sectionCount == 0 || dir == FilePathSeparator {
+		return "./"
+	}
+
+	var dottedPath string
+
+	for i := 1; i < sectionCount; i++ {
+		dottedPath += "../"
+	}
+
+	return dottedPath
+}
+
+// ExtNoDelimiter takes a path and returns the extension, excluding the delimiter, i.e. "md".
+func ExtNoDelimiter(in string) string {
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(Ext(in), ".")
+}
+
+// Ext takes a path and returns the extension, including the delimiter, i.e. ".md".
+func Ext(in string) string {
+	_, ext := fileAndExt(in, fpb)
+	return ext
+}
+
+// PathAndExt is the same as FileAndExt, but it uses the path package.
+func PathAndExt(in string) (string, string) {
+	return fileAndExt(in, pb)
+}
+
+// FileAndExt takes a path and returns the file and extension separated,
+// the extension including the delimiter, i.e. ".md".
+func FileAndExt(in string) (string, string) {
+	return fileAndExt(in, fpb)
+}
+
+// FileAndExtNoDelimiter takes a path and returns the file and extension separated,
+// the extension excluding the delimiter, e.g "md".
+func FileAndExtNoDelimiter(in string) (string, string) {
+	file, ext := fileAndExt(in, fpb)
+	return file, strings.TrimPrefix(ext, ".")
+}
+
+// Filename takes a file path, strips out the extension,
+// and returns the name of the file.
+func Filename(in string) (name string) {
+	name, _ = fileAndExt(in, fpb)
+	return
+}
+
+// PathNoExt takes a path, strips out the extension,
+// and returns the name of the file.
+func PathNoExt(in string) string {
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(in, path.Ext(in))
+}
+
+// FileAndExt returns the filename and any extension of a file path as
+// two separate strings.
+//
+// If the path, in, contains a directory name ending in a slash,
+// then both name and ext will be empty strings.
+//
+// If the path, in, is either the current directory, the parent
+// directory or the root directory, or an empty string,
+// then both name and ext will be empty strings.
+//
+// If the path, in, represents the path of a file without an extension,
+// then name will be the name of the file and ext will be an empty string.
+//
+// If the path, in, represents a filename with an extension,
+// then name will be the filename minus any extension - including the dot
+// and ext will contain the extension - minus the dot.
+func fileAndExt(in string, b filepathPathBridge) (name string, ext string) {
+	ext = b.Ext(in)
+	base := b.Base(in)
+
+	return extractFilename(in, ext, base, b.Separator()), ext
+}
+
+func extractFilename(in, ext, base, pathSeparator string) (name string) {
+	// No file name cases. These are defined as:
+	// 1. any "in" path that ends in a pathSeparator
+	// 2. any "base" consisting of just an pathSeparator
+	// 3. any "base" consisting of just an empty string
+	// 4. any "base" consisting of just the current directory i.e. "."
+	// 5. any "base" consisting of just the parent directory i.e. ".."
+	if (strings.LastIndex(in, pathSeparator) == len(in)-1) || base == "" || base == "." || base == ".." || base == pathSeparator {
+		name = "" // there is NO filename
+	} else if ext != "" { // there was an Extension
+		// return the filename minus the extension (and the ".")
+		name = base[:strings.LastIndex(base, ".")]
+	} else {
+		// no extension case so just return base, which willi
+		// be the filename
+		name = base
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// GetRelativePath returns the relative path of a given path.
+func GetRelativePath(path, base string) (final string, err error) {
+	if filepath.IsAbs(path) && base == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("source: missing base directory")
+	}
+	name := filepath.Clean(path)
+	base = filepath.Clean(base)
+
+	name, err = filepath.Rel(base, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasSuffix(filepath.FromSlash(path), FilePathSeparator) && !strings.HasSuffix(name, FilePathSeparator) {
+		name += FilePathSeparator
+	}
+	return name, nil
+}
+
+// PathPrep prepares the path using the uglify setting to create paths on
+// either the form /section/name/index.html or /section/name.html.
+func PathPrep(ugly bool, in string) string {
+	if ugly {
+		return Uglify(in)
+	}
+	return PrettifyPath(in)
+}
+
+// PrettifyPath is the same as PrettifyURLPath but for file paths.
+//     /section/name.html       becomes /section/name/index.html
+//     /section/name/           becomes /section/name/index.html
+//     /section/name/index.html becomes /section/name/index.html
+func PrettifyPath(in string) string {
+	return prettifyPath(in, fpb)
+}
+
+func prettifyPath(in string, b filepathPathBridge) string {
+	if filepath.Ext(in) == "" {
+		// /section/name/  -> /section/name/index.html
+		if len(in) < 2 {
+			return b.Separator()
+		}
+		return b.Join(in, "index.html")
+	}
+	name, ext := fileAndExt(in, b)
+	if name == "index" {
+		// /section/name/index.html -> /section/name/index.html
+		return b.Clean(in)
+	}
+	// /section/name.html -> /section/name/index.html
+	return b.Join(b.Dir(in), name, "index"+ext)
+}
+
+type NamedSlice struct {
+	Name  string
+	Slice []string
+}
+
+func (n NamedSlice) String() string {
+	if len(n.Slice) == 0 {
+		return n.Name
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s{%s}", n.Name, FilePathSeparator, strings.Join(n.Slice, ","))
+}
+
+// FindCWD returns the current working directory from where the Hugo
+// executable is run.
+func FindCWD() (string, error) {
+	serverFile, err := filepath.Abs(os.Args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("can't get absolute path for executable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	path := filepath.Dir(serverFile)
+	realFile, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(serverFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		if _, err = os.Stat(serverFile + ".exe"); err == nil {
+			realFile = filepath.Clean(serverFile + ".exe")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err == nil && realFile != serverFile {
+		path = filepath.Dir(realFile)
+	}
+
+	return path, nil
+}
+
+// AddTrailingSlash adds a trailing Unix styled slash (/) if not already
+// there.
+func AddTrailingSlash(path string) string {
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(path, "/") {
+		path += "/"
+	}
+	return path
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package paths
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
+)
+
+func TestGetRelativePath(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		path   string
+		base   string
+		expect interface{}
+	}{
+		{filepath.FromSlash("/a/b"), filepath.FromSlash("/a"), filepath.FromSlash("b")},
+		{filepath.FromSlash("/a/b/c/"), filepath.FromSlash("/a"), filepath.FromSlash("b/c/")},
+		{filepath.FromSlash("/c"), filepath.FromSlash("/a/b"), filepath.FromSlash("../../c")},
+		{filepath.FromSlash("/c"), "", false},
+	}
+	for i, this := range tests {
+		// ultimately a fancy wrapper around filepath.Rel
+		result, err := GetRelativePath(this.path, this.base)
+
+		if b, ok := this.expect.(bool); ok && !b {
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Errorf("[%d] GetRelativePath didn't return an expected error", i)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("[%d] GetRelativePath failed: %s", i, err)
+				continue
+			}
+			if result != this.expect {
+				t.Errorf("[%d] GetRelativePath got %v but expected %v", i, result, this.expect)
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMakePathRelative(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		inPath, path1, path2, output string
+	}
+
+	data := []test{
+		{"/abc/bcd/ab.css", "/abc/bcd", "/bbc/bcd", "/ab.css"},
+		{"/abc/bcd/ab.css", "/abcd/bcd", "/abc/bcd", "/ab.css"},
+	}
+
+	for i, d := range data {
+		output, _ := makePathRelative(d.inPath, d.path1, d.path2)
+		if d.output != output {
+			t.Errorf("Test #%d failed. Expected %q got %q", i, d.output, output)
+		}
+	}
+	_, error := makePathRelative("a/b/c.ss", "/a/c", "/d/c", "/e/f")
+
+	if error == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Test failed, expected error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetDottedRelativePath(t *testing.T) {
+	// on Windows this will receive both kinds, both country and western ...
+	for _, f := range []func(string) string{filepath.FromSlash, func(s string) string { return s }} {
+		doTestGetDottedRelativePath(f, t)
+	}
+}
+
+func doTestGetDottedRelativePath(urlFixer func(string) string, t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		input, expected string
+	}
+	data := []test{
+		{"", "./"},
+		{urlFixer("/"), "./"},
+		{urlFixer("post"), "../"},
+		{urlFixer("/post"), "../"},
+		{urlFixer("post/"), "../"},
+		{urlFixer("tags/foo.html"), "../"},
+		{urlFixer("/tags/foo.html"), "../"},
+		{urlFixer("/post/"), "../"},
+		{urlFixer("////post/////"), "../"},
+		{urlFixer("/foo/bar/index.html"), "../../"},
+		{urlFixer("/foo/bar/foo/"), "../../../"},
+		{urlFixer("/foo/bar/foo"), "../../../"},
+		{urlFixer("foo/bar/foo/"), "../../../"},
+		{urlFixer("foo/bar/foo/bar"), "../../../../"},
+		{"404.html", "./"},
+		{"404.xml", "./"},
+		{"/404.html", "./"},
+	}
+	for i, d := range data {
+		output := GetDottedRelativePath(d.input)
+		if d.expected != output {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d failed. Expected %q got %q", i, d.expected, output)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMakeTitle(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		input, expected string
+	}
+	data := []test{
+		{"Make-Title", "Make Title"},
+		{"MakeTitle", "MakeTitle"},
+		{"make_title", "make_title"},
+	}
+	for i, d := range data {
+		output := MakeTitle(d.input)
+		if d.expected != output {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d failed. Expected %q got %q", i, d.expected, output)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Replace Extension is probably poorly named, but the intent of the
+// function is to accept a path and return only the file name with a
+// new extension. It's intentionally designed to strip out the path
+// and only provide the name. We should probably rename the function to
+// be more explicit at some point.
+func TestReplaceExtension(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		input, newext, expected string
+	}
+	data := []test{
+		// These work according to the above definition
+		{"/some/random/path/file.xml", "html", "file.html"},
+		{"/banana.html", "xml", "banana.xml"},
+		{"./banana.html", "xml", "banana.xml"},
+		{"banana/pie/index.html", "xml", "index.xml"},
+		{"../pies/fish/index.html", "xml", "index.xml"},
+		// but these all fail
+		{"filename-without-an-ext", "ext", "filename-without-an-ext.ext"},
+		{"/filename-without-an-ext", "ext", "filename-without-an-ext.ext"},
+		{"/directory/mydir/", "ext", ".ext"},
+		{"mydir/", "ext", ".ext"},
+	}
+
+	for i, d := range data {
+		output := ReplaceExtension(filepath.FromSlash(d.input), d.newext)
+		if d.expected != output {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d failed. Expected %q got %q", i, d.expected, output)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtNoDelimiter(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+	c.Assert(ExtNoDelimiter(filepath.FromSlash("/my/data.json")), qt.Equals, "json")
+}
+
+func TestFilename(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		input, expected string
+	}
+	data := []test{
+		{"index.html", "index"},
+		{"./index.html", "index"},
+		{"/index.html", "index"},
+		{"index", "index"},
+		{"/tmp/index.html", "index"},
+		{"./filename-no-ext", "filename-no-ext"},
+		{"/filename-no-ext", "filename-no-ext"},
+		{"filename-no-ext", "filename-no-ext"},
+		{"directory/", ""}, // no filename case??
+		{"directory/.hidden.ext", ".hidden"},
+		{"./directory/../~/banana/gold.fish", "gold"},
+		{"../directory/banana.man", "banana"},
+		{"~/mydir/filename.ext", "filename"},
+		{"./directory//tmp/filename.ext", "filename"},
+	}
+
+	for i, d := range data {
+		output := Filename(filepath.FromSlash(d.input))
+		if d.expected != output {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d failed. Expected %q got %q", i, d.expected, output)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileAndExt(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		input, expectedFile, expectedExt string
+	}
+	data := []test{
+		{"index.html", "index", ".html"},
+		{"./index.html", "index", ".html"},
+		{"/index.html", "index", ".html"},
+		{"index", "index", ""},
+		{"/tmp/index.html", "index", ".html"},
+		{"./filename-no-ext", "filename-no-ext", ""},
+		{"/filename-no-ext", "filename-no-ext", ""},
+		{"filename-no-ext", "filename-no-ext", ""},
+		{"directory/", "", ""}, // no filename case??
+		{"directory/.hidden.ext", ".hidden", ".ext"},
+		{"./directory/../~/banana/gold.fish", "gold", ".fish"},
+		{"../directory/banana.man", "banana", ".man"},
+		{"~/mydir/filename.ext", "filename", ".ext"},
+		{"./directory//tmp/filename.ext", "filename", ".ext"},
+	}
+
+	for i, d := range data {
+		file, ext := fileAndExt(filepath.FromSlash(d.input), fpb)
+		if d.expectedFile != file {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d failed. Expected filename %q got %q.", i, d.expectedFile, file)
+		}
+		if d.expectedExt != ext {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d failed. Expected extension %q got %q.", i, d.expectedExt, ext)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindCWD(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		expectedDir string
+		expectedErr error
+	}
+
+	// cwd, _ := os.Getwd()
+	data := []test{
+		//{cwd, nil},
+		// Commenting this out. It doesn't work properly.
+		// There's a good reason why we don't use os.Getwd(), it doesn't actually work the way we want it to.
+		// I really don't know a better way to test this function. - SPF 2014.11.04
+	}
+	for i, d := range data {
+		dir, err := FindCWD()
+		if d.expectedDir != dir {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d failed. Expected %q but got %q", i, d.expectedDir, dir)
+		}
+		if d.expectedErr != err {
+			t.Errorf("Test %d failed. Expected %q but got %q", i, d.expectedErr, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package paths
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell"
+)
+
+type pathBridge struct {
+}
+
+func (pathBridge) Base(in string) string {
+	return path.Base(in)
+}
+
+func (pathBridge) Clean(in string) string {
+	return path.Clean(in)
+}
+
+func (pathBridge) Dir(in string) string {
+	return path.Dir(in)
+}
+
+func (pathBridge) Ext(in string) string {
+	return path.Ext(in)
+}
+
+func (pathBridge) Join(elem ...string) string {
+	return path.Join(elem...)
+}
+
+func (pathBridge) Separator() string {
+	return "/"
+}
+
+var pb pathBridge
+
+func sanitizeURLWithFlags(in string, f purell.NormalizationFlags) string {
+	s, err := purell.NormalizeURLString(in, f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return in
+	}
+
+	// Temporary workaround for the bug fix and resulting
+	// behavioral change in purell.NormalizeURLString():
+	// a leading '/' was inadvertently added to relative links,
+	// but no longer, see #878.
+	//
+	// I think the real solution is to allow Hugo to
+	// make relative URL with relative path,
+	// e.g. "../../post/hello-again/", as wished by users
+	// in issues #157, #622, etc., without forcing
+	// relative URLs to begin with '/'.
+	// Once the fixes are in, let's remove this kludge
+	// and restore SanitizeURL() to the way it was.
+	//                         -- @anthonyfok, 2015-02-16
+	//
+	// Begin temporary kludge
+	u, err := url.Parse(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if len(u.Path) > 0 && !strings.HasPrefix(u.Path, "/") {
+		u.Path = "/" + u.Path
+	}
+	return u.String()
+	// End temporary kludge
+
+	// return s
+
+}
+
+// SanitizeURL sanitizes the input URL string.
+func SanitizeURL(in string) string {
+	return sanitizeURLWithFlags(in, purell.FlagsSafe|purell.FlagRemoveTrailingSlash|purell.FlagRemoveDotSegments|purell.FlagRemoveDuplicateSlashes|purell.FlagRemoveUnnecessaryHostDots|purell.FlagRemoveEmptyPortSeparator)
+}
+
+// SanitizeURLKeepTrailingSlash is the same as SanitizeURL, but will keep any trailing slash.
+func SanitizeURLKeepTrailingSlash(in string) string {
+	return sanitizeURLWithFlags(in, purell.FlagsSafe|purell.FlagRemoveDotSegments|purell.FlagRemoveDuplicateSlashes|purell.FlagRemoveUnnecessaryHostDots|purell.FlagRemoveEmptyPortSeparator)
+}
+
+// MakePermalink combines base URL with content path to create full URL paths.
+// Example
+//    base:   http://spf13.com/
+//    path:   post/how-i-blog
+//    result: http://spf13.com/post/how-i-blog
+func MakePermalink(host, plink string) *url.URL {
+	base, err := url.Parse(host)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	p, err := url.Parse(plink)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if p.Host != "" {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("can't make permalink from absolute link %q", plink))
+	}
+
+	base.Path = path.Join(base.Path, p.Path)
+
+	// path.Join will strip off the last /, so put it back if it was there.
+	hadTrailingSlash := (plink == "" && strings.HasSuffix(host, "/")) || strings.HasSuffix(p.Path, "/")
+	if hadTrailingSlash && !strings.HasSuffix(base.Path, "/") {
+		base.Path = base.Path + "/"
+	}
+
+	return base
+}
+
+// IsAbsURL determines whether the given path points to an absolute URL.
+func IsAbsURL(path string) bool {
+	url, err := url.Parse(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return url.IsAbs() || strings.HasPrefix(path, "//")
+}
+
+// AddContextRoot adds the context root to an URL if it's not already set.
+// For relative URL entries on sites with a base url with a context root set (i.e. http://example.com/mysite),
+// relative URLs must not include the context root if canonifyURLs is enabled. But if it's disabled, it must be set.
+func AddContextRoot(baseURL, relativePath string) string {
+	url, err := url.Parse(baseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	newPath := path.Join(url.Path, relativePath)
+
+	// path strips trailing slash, ignore root path.
+	if newPath != "/" && strings.HasSuffix(relativePath, "/") {
+		newPath += "/"
+	}
+	return newPath
+}
+
+// URLizeAn
+
+// PrettifyURL takes a URL string and returns a semantic, clean URL.
+func PrettifyURL(in string) string {
+	x := PrettifyURLPath(in)
+
+	if path.Base(x) == "index.html" {
+		return path.Dir(x)
+	}
+
+	if in == "" {
+		return "/"
+	}
+
+	return x
+}
+
+// PrettifyURLPath takes a URL path to a content and converts it
+// to enable pretty URLs.
+//     /section/name.html       becomes /section/name/index.html
+//     /section/name/           becomes /section/name/index.html
+//     /section/name/index.html becomes /section/name/index.html
+func PrettifyURLPath(in string) string {
+	return prettifyPath(in, pb)
+}
+
+// Uglify does the opposite of PrettifyURLPath().
+//     /section/name/index.html becomes /section/name.html
+//     /section/name/           becomes /section/name.html
+//     /section/name.html       becomes /section/name.html
+func Uglify(in string) string {
+	if path.Ext(in) == "" {
+		if len(in) < 2 {
+			return "/"
+		}
+		// /section/name/  -> /section/name.html
+		return path.Clean(in) + ".html"
+	}
+
+	name, ext := fileAndExt(in, pb)
+	if name == "index" {
+		// /section/name/index.html -> /section/name.html
+		d := path.Dir(in)
+		if len(d) > 1 {
+			return d + ext
+		}
+		return in
+	}
+	// /.xml -> /index.xml
+	if name == "" {
+		return path.Dir(in) + "index" + ext
+	}
+	// /section/name.html -> /section/name.html
+	return path.Clean(in)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package paths
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
+)
+
+func TestSanitizeURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"http://foo.bar/", "http://foo.bar"},
+		{"http://foo.bar", "http://foo.bar"},          // issue #1105
+		{"http://foo.bar/zoo/", "http://foo.bar/zoo"}, // issue #931
+	}
+
+	for i, test := range tests {
+		o1 := SanitizeURL(test.input)
+		o2 := SanitizeURLKeepTrailingSlash(test.input)
+
+		expected2 := test.expected
+
+		if strings.HasSuffix(test.input, "/") && !strings.HasSuffix(expected2, "/") {
+			expected2 += "/"
+		}
+
+		if o1 != test.expected {
+			t.Errorf("[%d] 1: Expected %#v, got %#v\n", i, test.expected, o1)
+		}
+		if o2 != expected2 {
+			t.Errorf("[%d] 2: Expected %#v, got %#v\n", i, expected2, o2)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMakePermalink(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		host, link, output string
+	}
+
+	data := []test{
+		{"http://abc.com/foo", "post/bar", "http://abc.com/foo/post/bar"},
+		{"http://abc.com/foo/", "post/bar", "http://abc.com/foo/post/bar"},
+		{"http://abc.com", "post/bar", "http://abc.com/post/bar"},
+		{"http://abc.com", "bar", "http://abc.com/bar"},
+		{"http://abc.com/foo/bar", "post/bar", "http://abc.com/foo/bar/post/bar"},
+		{"http://abc.com/foo/bar", "post/bar/", "http://abc.com/foo/bar/post/bar/"},
+	}
+
+	for i, d := range data {
+		output := MakePermalink(d.host, d.link).String()
+		if d.output != output {
+			t.Errorf("Test #%d failed. Expected %q got %q", i, d.output, output)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAddContextRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		baseURL  string
+		url      string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"http://example.com/sub/", "/foo", "/sub/foo"},
+		{"http://example.com/sub/", "/foo/index.html", "/sub/foo/index.html"},
+		{"http://example.com/sub1/sub2", "/foo", "/sub1/sub2/foo"},
+		{"http://example.com", "/foo", "/foo"},
+		// cannot guess that the context root is already added int the example below
+		{"http://example.com/sub/", "/sub/foo", "/sub/sub/foo"},
+		{"http://example.com/тря", "/трям/", "/тря/трям/"},
+		{"http://example.com", "/", "/"},
+		{"http://example.com/bar", "//", "/bar/"},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		output := AddContextRoot(test.baseURL, test.url)
+		if output != test.expected {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %#v, got %#v\n", test.expected, output)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPretty(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+	c.Assert("/section/name/index.html", qt.Equals, PrettifyURLPath("/section/name.html"))
+	c.Assert("/section/sub/name/index.html", qt.Equals, PrettifyURLPath("/section/sub/name.html"))
+	c.Assert("/section/name/index.html", qt.Equals, PrettifyURLPath("/section/name/"))
+	c.Assert("/section/name/index.html", qt.Equals, PrettifyURLPath("/section/name/index.html"))
+	c.Assert("/index.html", qt.Equals, PrettifyURLPath("/index.html"))
+	c.Assert("/name/index.xml", qt.Equals, PrettifyURLPath("/name.xml"))
+	c.Assert("/", qt.Equals, PrettifyURLPath("/"))
+	c.Assert("/", qt.Equals, PrettifyURLPath(""))
+	c.Assert("/section/name", qt.Equals, PrettifyURL("/section/name.html"))
+	c.Assert("/section/sub/name", qt.Equals, PrettifyURL("/section/sub/name.html"))
+	c.Assert("/section/name", qt.Equals, PrettifyURL("/section/name/"))
+	c.Assert("/section/name", qt.Equals, PrettifyURL("/section/name/index.html"))
+	c.Assert("/", qt.Equals, PrettifyURL("/index.html"))
+	c.Assert("/name/index.xml", qt.Equals, PrettifyURL("/name.xml"))
+	c.Assert("/", qt.Equals, PrettifyURL("/"))
+	c.Assert("/", qt.Equals, PrettifyURL(""))
+}
+
+func TestUgly(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+	c.Assert("/section/name.html", qt.Equals, Uglify("/section/name.html"))
+	c.Assert("/section/sub/name.html", qt.Equals, Uglify("/section/sub/name.html"))
+	c.Assert("/section/name.html", qt.Equals, Uglify("/section/name/"))
+	c.Assert("/section/name.html", qt.Equals, Uglify("/section/name/index.html"))
+	c.Assert("/index.html", qt.Equals, Uglify("/index.html"))
+	c.Assert("/name.xml", qt.Equals, Uglify("/name.xml"))
+	c.Assert("/", qt.Equals, Uglify("/"))
+	c.Assert("/", qt.Equals, Uglify(""))
+}
@@ -50,12 +50,11 @@ func (pos Position) IsValid() bool {
 var positionStringFormatfunc func(p Position) string

 func createPositionStringFormatter(formatStr string) func(p Position) string {
-
 	if formatStr == "" {
 		formatStr = "\":file::line::col\""
 	}

-	var identifiers = []string{":file", ":line", ":col"}
+	identifiers := []string{":file", ":line", ":col"}
 	var identifiersFound []string

 	for i := range formatStr {
@@ -29,5 +29,4 @@ func TestPositionStringFormatter(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(createPositionStringFormatter("好::col")(pos), qt.Equals, "好:13")
 	c.Assert(createPositionStringFormatter("")(pos), qt.Equals, "\"/my/file.txt:12:13\"")
 	c.Assert(pos.String(), qt.Equals, "\"/my/file.txt:12:13\"")
-
 }
@@ -25,5 +25,4 @@ func TestRemoveAccents(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(string(RemoveAccents([]byte("Resumé"))), qt.Equals, "Resume")
 	c.Assert(string(RemoveAccents([]byte("Hugo Rocks!"))), qt.Equals, "Hugo Rocks!")
 	c.Assert(string(RemoveAccentsString("Resumé")), qt.Equals, "Resume")
-
 }
@@ -13,16 +13,118 @@

 package types

-import "github.com/spf13/cast"
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"

-// ToStringSlicePreserveString converts v to a string slice.
-// If v is a string, it will be wrapped in a string slice.
+	"github.com/spf13/cast"
+)
+
+// ToDuration converts v to time.Duration.
+// See ToDurationE if you need to handle errors.
+func ToDuration(v interface{}) time.Duration {
+	d, _ := ToDurationE(v)
+	return d
+}
+
+// ToDurationE converts v to time.Duration.
+func ToDurationE(v interface{}) (time.Duration, error) {
+	if n := cast.ToInt(v); n > 0 {
+		return time.Duration(n) * time.Millisecond, nil
+	}
+	d, err := time.ParseDuration(cast.ToString(v))
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot convert %v to time.Duration", v)
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+// ToStringSlicePreserveString is the same as ToStringSlicePreserveStringE,
+// but it never fails.
 func ToStringSlicePreserveString(v interface{}) []string {
+	vv, _ := ToStringSlicePreserveStringE(v)
+	return vv
+}
+
+// ToStringSlicePreserveStringE converts v to a string slice.
+// If v is a string, it will be wrapped in a string slice.
+func ToStringSlicePreserveStringE(v interface{}) ([]string, error) {
 	if v == nil {
-		return nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 	if sds, ok := v.(string); ok {
-		return []string{sds}
+		return []string{sds}, nil
+	}
+	result, err := cast.ToStringSliceE(v)
+	if err == nil {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	// Probably []int or similar. Fall back to reflect.
+	vv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
+
+	switch vv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+		result = make([]string, vv.Len())
+		for i := 0; i < vv.Len(); i++ {
+			s, err := cast.ToStringE(vv.Index(i).Interface())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			result[i] = s
+		}
+		return result, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert %T to a string slice", v)
+	}
+
+}
+
+// TypeToString converts v to a string if it's a valid string type.
+// Note that this will not try to convert numeric values etc.,
+// use ToString for that.
+func TypeToString(v interface{}) (string, bool) {
+	switch s := v.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return s, true
+	case template.HTML:
+		return string(s), true
+	case template.CSS:
+		return string(s), true
+	case template.HTMLAttr:
+		return string(s), true
+	case template.JS:
+		return string(s), true
+	case template.JSStr:
+		return string(s), true
+	case template.URL:
+		return string(s), true
+	case template.Srcset:
+		return string(s), true
+	}
+
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// ToString converts v to a string.
+func ToString(v interface{}) string {
+	s, _ := ToStringE(v)
+	return s
+}
+
+// ToStringE converts v to a string.
+func ToStringE(v interface{}) (string, error) {
+	if s, ok := TypeToString(v); ok {
+		return s, nil
+	}
+
+	switch s := v.(type) {
+	case json.RawMessage:
+		return string(s), nil
+	default:
+		return cast.ToStringE(v)
 	}
-	return cast.ToStringSlice(v)
 }
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
 package types

 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
 )
@@ -23,7 +25,25 @@ func TestToStringSlicePreserveString(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)

 	c.Assert(ToStringSlicePreserveString("Hugo"), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"Hugo"})
+	c.Assert(ToStringSlicePreserveString(qt.Commentf("Hugo")), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"Hugo"})
 	c.Assert(ToStringSlicePreserveString([]interface{}{"A", "B"}), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"A", "B"})
+	c.Assert(ToStringSlicePreserveString([]int{1, 3}), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"1", "3"})
 	c.Assert(ToStringSlicePreserveString(nil), qt.IsNil)
+}
+
+func TestToString(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	c.Assert(ToString([]byte("Hugo")), qt.Equals, "Hugo")
+	c.Assert(ToString(json.RawMessage("Hugo")), qt.Equals, "Hugo")
+}
+
+func TestToDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	c.Assert(ToDuration("200ms"), qt.Equals, 200*time.Millisecond)
+	c.Assert(ToDuration("200"), qt.Equals, 200*time.Millisecond)
+	c.Assert(ToDuration("4m"), qt.Equals, 4*time.Minute)
+	c.Assert(ToDuration("asdfadf"), qt.Equals, time.Duration(0))

 }
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ type RLocker interface {
 	RUnlock()
 }

+// KeyValue is a interface{} tuple.
+type KeyValue struct {
+	Key   interface{}
+	Value interface{}
+}
+
 // KeyValueStr is a string tuple.
 type KeyValueStr struct {
 	Key   string
@@ -61,5 +61,4 @@ func TestLexicographicSort(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	c.Assert(s, qt.DeepEquals, []string{"A", "b", "Ba", "ba", "ba", "Bz"})
-
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
+
+	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/herrors"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
+	"github.com/spf13/cast"
+	jww "github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman"
+)
+
+var DefaultBuild = Build{
+	UseResourceCacheWhen: "fallback",
+	WriteStats:           false,
+}
+
+// Build holds some build related configuration.
+type Build struct {
+	UseResourceCacheWhen string // never, fallback, always. Default is fallback
+
+	// When enabled, will collect and write a hugo_stats.json with some build
+	// related aggregated data (e.g. CSS class names).
+	WriteStats bool
+
+	// Can be used to toggle off writing of the intellinsense /assets/jsconfig.js
+	// file.
+	NoJSConfigInAssets bool
+}
+
+func (b Build) UseResourceCache(err error) bool {
+	if b.UseResourceCacheWhen == "never" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if b.UseResourceCacheWhen == "fallback" {
+		return err == herrors.ErrFeatureNotAvailable
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func DecodeBuild(cfg Provider) Build {
+	m := cfg.GetStringMap("build")
+	b := DefaultBuild
+	if m == nil {
+		return b
+	}
+
+	err := mapstructure.WeakDecode(m, &b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return DefaultBuild
+	}
+
+	b.UseResourceCacheWhen = strings.ToLower(b.UseResourceCacheWhen)
+	when := b.UseResourceCacheWhen
+	if when != "never" && when != "always" && when != "fallback" {
+		b.UseResourceCacheWhen = "fallback"
+	}
+
+	return b
+}
+
+// Sitemap configures the sitemap to be generated.
+type Sitemap struct {
+	ChangeFreq string
+	Priority   float64
+	Filename   string
+}
+
+func DecodeSitemap(prototype Sitemap, input map[string]interface{}) Sitemap {
+	for key, value := range input {
+		switch key {
+		case "changefreq":
+			prototype.ChangeFreq = cast.ToString(value)
+		case "priority":
+			prototype.Priority = cast.ToFloat64(value)
+		case "filename":
+			prototype.Filename = cast.ToString(value)
+		default:
+			jww.WARN.Printf("Unknown Sitemap field: %s\n", key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return prototype
+}
+
+// Config for the dev server.
+type Server struct {
+	Headers   []Headers
+	Redirects []Redirect
+
+	compiledInit      sync.Once
+	compiledHeaders   []glob.Glob
+	compiledRedirects []glob.Glob
+}
+
+func (s *Server) init() {
+	s.compiledInit.Do(func() {
+		for _, h := range s.Headers {
+			s.compiledHeaders = append(s.compiledHeaders, glob.MustCompile(h.For))
+		}
+		for _, r := range s.Redirects {
+			s.compiledRedirects = append(s.compiledRedirects, glob.MustCompile(r.From))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) MatchHeaders(pattern string) []types.KeyValueStr {
+	s.init()
+
+	if s.compiledHeaders == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var matches []types.KeyValueStr
+
+	for i, g := range s.compiledHeaders {
+		if g.Match(pattern) {
+			h := s.Headers[i]
+			for k, v := range h.Values {
+				matches = append(matches, types.KeyValueStr{Key: k, Value: cast.ToString(v)})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(matches, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return matches[i].Key < matches[j].Key
+	})
+
+	return matches
+}
+
+func (s *Server) MatchRedirect(pattern string) Redirect {
+	s.init()
+
+	if s.compiledRedirects == nil {
+		return Redirect{}
+	}
+
+	pattern = strings.TrimSuffix(pattern, "index.html")
+
+	for i, g := range s.compiledRedirects {
+		redir := s.Redirects[i]
+
+		// No redirect to self.
+		if redir.To == pattern {
+			return Redirect{}
+		}
+
+		if g.Match(pattern) {
+			return redir
+		}
+	}
+
+	return Redirect{}
+}
+
+type Headers struct {
+	For    string
+	Values map[string]interface{}
+}
+
+type Redirect struct {
+	From   string
+	To     string
+	Status int
+	Force  bool
+}
+
+func (r Redirect) IsZero() bool {
+	return r.From == ""
+}
+
+func DecodeServer(cfg Provider) (*Server, error) {
+	m := cfg.GetStringMap("server")
+	s := &Server{}
+	if m == nil {
+		return s, nil
+	}
+
+	_ = mapstructure.WeakDecode(m, s)
+
+	for i, redir := range s.Redirects {
+		// Get it in line with the Hugo server.
+		redir.To = strings.TrimSuffix(redir.To, "index.html")
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(redir.To, "https") && !strings.HasSuffix(redir.To, "/") {
+			// There are some tricky infinite loop situations when dealing
+			// when the target does not have a trailing slash.
+			// This can certainly be handled better, but not time for that now.
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported redirect to value %q in server config; currently this must be either a remote destination or a local folder, e.g. \"/blog/\" or \"/blog/index.html\"", redir.To)
+		}
+		s.Redirects[i] = redir
+	}
+
+	return s, nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/herrors"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
+
+	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
+)
+
+func TestBuild(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	v := New()
+	v.Set("build", map[string]interface{}{
+		"useResourceCacheWhen": "always",
+	})
+
+	b := DecodeBuild(v)
+
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCacheWhen, qt.Equals, "always")
+
+	v.Set("build", map[string]interface{}{
+		"useResourceCacheWhen": "foo",
+	})
+
+	b = DecodeBuild(v)
+
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCacheWhen, qt.Equals, "fallback")
+
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCache(herrors.ErrFeatureNotAvailable), qt.Equals, true)
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCache(errors.New("err")), qt.Equals, false)
+
+	b.UseResourceCacheWhen = "always"
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCache(herrors.ErrFeatureNotAvailable), qt.Equals, true)
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCache(errors.New("err")), qt.Equals, true)
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCache(nil), qt.Equals, true)
+
+	b.UseResourceCacheWhen = "never"
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCache(herrors.ErrFeatureNotAvailable), qt.Equals, false)
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCache(errors.New("err")), qt.Equals, false)
+	c.Assert(b.UseResourceCache(nil), qt.Equals, false)
+}
+
+func TestServer(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	cfg, err := FromConfigString(`[[server.headers]]
+for = "/*.jpg"
+
+[server.headers.values]
+X-Frame-Options = "DENY"
+X-XSS-Protection = "1; mode=block"
+X-Content-Type-Options = "nosniff"
+
+[[server.redirects]]
+from = "/foo/**"
+to = "/foo/index.html"
+status = 200
+
+[[server.redirects]]
+from = "/google/**"
+to = "https://google.com/"
+status = 301
+
+[[server.redirects]]
+from = "/**"
+to = "/default/index.html"
+status = 301
+
+
+
+`, "toml")
+
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+
+	s, err := DecodeServer(cfg)
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+
+	c.Assert(s.MatchHeaders("/foo.jpg"), qt.DeepEquals, []types.KeyValueStr{
+		{Key: "X-Content-Type-Options", Value: "nosniff"},
+		{Key: "X-Frame-Options", Value: "DENY"},
+		{Key: "X-XSS-Protection", Value: "1; mode=block"},
+	})
+
+	c.Assert(s.MatchRedirect("/foo/bar/baz"), qt.DeepEquals, Redirect{
+		From:   "/foo/**",
+		To:     "/foo/",
+		Status: 200,
+	})
+
+	c.Assert(s.MatchRedirect("/someother"), qt.DeepEquals, Redirect{
+		From:   "/**",
+		To:     "/default/",
+		Status: 301,
+	})
+
+	c.Assert(s.MatchRedirect("/google/foo"), qt.DeepEquals, Redirect{
+		From:   "/google/**",
+		To:     "https://google.com/",
+		Status: 301,
+	})
+
+	// No redirect loop, please.
+	c.Assert(s.MatchRedirect("/default/index.html"), qt.DeepEquals, Redirect{})
+	c.Assert(s.MatchRedirect("/default/"), qt.DeepEquals, Redirect{})
+
+	for _, errorCase := range []string{
+		`[[server.redirects]]
+from = "/**"
+to = "/file"
+status = 301`,
+		`[[server.redirects]]
+from = "/**"
+to = "/foo/file.html"
+status = 301`,
+	} {
+
+		cfg, err := FromConfigString(errorCase, "toml")
+		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+		_, err = DecodeServer(cfg)
+		c.Assert(err, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
+)
+
+// NewCompositeConfig creates a new composite Provider with a read-only base
+// and a writeable layer.
+func NewCompositeConfig(base, layer Provider) Provider {
+	return &compositeConfig{
+		base:  base,
+		layer: layer,
+	}
+}
+
+// compositeConfig contains a read only config base with
+// a possibly writeable config layer on top.
+type compositeConfig struct {
+	base  Provider
+	layer Provider
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) GetBool(key string) bool {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return c.layer.GetBool(key)
+	}
+	return c.base.GetBool(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) GetInt(key string) int {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return c.layer.GetInt(key)
+	}
+	return c.base.GetInt(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) Merge(key string, value interface{}) {
+	c.layer.Merge(key, value)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) GetParams(key string) maps.Params {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return c.layer.GetParams(key)
+	}
+	return c.base.GetParams(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) GetStringMap(key string) map[string]interface{} {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return c.layer.GetStringMap(key)
+	}
+	return c.base.GetStringMap(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) GetStringMapString(key string) map[string]string {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return c.layer.GetStringMapString(key)
+	}
+	return c.base.GetStringMapString(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) GetStringSlice(key string) []string {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return c.layer.GetStringSlice(key)
+	}
+	return c.base.GetStringSlice(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) Get(key string) interface{} {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return c.layer.Get(key)
+	}
+	return c.base.Get(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) IsSet(key string) bool {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return c.base.IsSet(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) GetString(key string) string {
+	if c.layer.IsSet(key) {
+		return c.layer.GetString(key)
+	}
+	return c.base.GetString(key)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) Set(key string, value interface{}) {
+	c.layer.Set(key, value)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) SetDefaults(params maps.Params) {
+	c.layer.SetDefaults(params)
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) WalkParams(walkFn func(params ...KeyParams) bool) {
+	panic("not supported")
+}
+
+func (c *compositeConfig) SetDefaultMergeStrategy() {
+	panic("not supported")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
+)
+
+func TestCompositeConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	c := qt.New(t)
+
+	c.Run("Set and get", func(c *qt.C) {
+		base, layer := New(), New()
+		cfg := NewCompositeConfig(base, layer)
+
+		layer.Set("a1", "av")
+		base.Set("b1", "bv")
+		cfg.Set("c1", "cv")
+
+		c.Assert(cfg.Get("a1"), qt.Equals, "av")
+		c.Assert(cfg.Get("b1"), qt.Equals, "bv")
+		c.Assert(cfg.Get("c1"), qt.Equals, "cv")
+		c.Assert(cfg.IsSet("c1"), qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(layer.IsSet("c1"), qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(base.IsSet("c1"), qt.IsFalse)
+	})
+}
@@ -14,13 +14,17 @@
 package config

 import (
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"

+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/paths"
+
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/parser/metadecoders"
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )

 var (
@@ -43,15 +47,11 @@ func IsValidConfigFilename(filename string) bool {

 // FromConfigString creates a config from the given YAML, JSON or TOML config. This is useful in tests.
 func FromConfigString(config, configType string) (Provider, error) {
-	v := newViper()
 	m, err := readConfig(metadecoders.FormatFromString(configType), []byte(config))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	v.MergeConfigMap(m)
-
-	return v, nil
+	return NewFrom(m), nil
 }

 // FromFile loads the configuration from the given filename.
@@ -60,15 +60,7 @@ func FromFile(fs afero.Fs, filename string) (Provider, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	v := newViper()
-
-	err = v.MergeConfigMap(m)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return v, nil
+	return NewFrom(m), nil
 }

 // FromFileToMap is the same as FromFile, but it returns the config values
@@ -86,7 +78,6 @@ func readConfig(format metadecoders.Format, data []byte) (map[string]interface{}
 	RenameKeys(m)

 	return m, nil
-
 }

 func loadConfigFromFile(fs afero.Fs, filename string) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
@@ -98,6 +89,102 @@ func loadConfigFromFile(fs afero.Fs, filename string) (map[string]interface{}, e
 	return m, nil
 }

+func LoadConfigFromDir(sourceFs afero.Fs, configDir, environment string) (Provider, []string, error) {
+	defaultConfigDir := filepath.Join(configDir, "_default")
+	environmentConfigDir := filepath.Join(configDir, environment)
+	cfg := New()
+
+	var configDirs []string
+	// Merge from least to most specific.
+	for _, dir := range []string{defaultConfigDir, environmentConfigDir} {
+		if _, err := sourceFs.Stat(dir); err == nil {
+			configDirs = append(configDirs, dir)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(configDirs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Keep track of these so we can watch them for changes.
+	var dirnames []string
+
+	for _, configDir := range configDirs {
+		err := afero.Walk(sourceFs, configDir, func(path string, fi os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+			if fi == nil || err != nil {
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			if fi.IsDir() {
+				dirnames = append(dirnames, path)
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			if !IsValidConfigFilename(path) {
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			name := paths.Filename(filepath.Base(path))
+
+			item, err := metadecoders.Default.UnmarshalFileToMap(sourceFs, path)
+			if err != nil {
+				// This will be used in error reporting, use the most specific value.
+				dirnames = []string{path}
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to unmarshl config for path %q", path)
+			}
+
+			var keyPath []string
+
+			if name != "config" {
+				// Can be params.jp, menus.en etc.
+				name, lang := paths.FileAndExtNoDelimiter(name)
+
+				keyPath = []string{name}
+
+				if lang != "" {
+					keyPath = []string{"languages", lang}
+					switch name {
+					case "menu", "menus":
+						keyPath = append(keyPath, "menus")
+					case "params":
+						keyPath = append(keyPath, "params")
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			root := item
+			if len(keyPath) > 0 {
+				root = make(map[string]interface{})
+				m := root
+				for i, key := range keyPath {
+					if i >= len(keyPath)-1 {
+						m[key] = item
+					} else {
+						nm := make(map[string]interface{})
+						m[key] = nm
+						m = nm
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Migrate menu => menus etc.
+			RenameKeys(root)
+
+			// Set will overwrite keys with the same name, recursively.
+			cfg.Set("", root)
+
+			return nil
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, dirnames, err
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	return cfg, dirnames, nil
+
+}
+
 var keyAliases maps.KeyRenamer

 func init() {
@@ -117,9 +204,3 @@ func init() {
 func RenameKeys(m map[string]interface{}) {
 	keyAliases.Rename(m)
 }
-
-func newViper() *viper.Viper {
-	v := viper.New()
-
-	return v
-}
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package config

 import (
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
 )

@@ -22,11 +23,16 @@ type Provider interface {
 	GetString(key string) string
 	GetInt(key string) int
 	GetBool(key string) bool
+	GetParams(key string) maps.Params
 	GetStringMap(key string) map[string]interface{}
 	GetStringMapString(key string) map[string]string
 	GetStringSlice(key string) []string
 	Get(key string) interface{}
 	Set(key string, value interface{})
+	Merge(key string, value interface{})
+	SetDefaults(params maps.Params)
+	SetDefaultMergeStrategy()
+	WalkParams(walkFn func(params ...KeyParams) bool)
 	IsSet(key string) bool
 }

@@ -17,12 +17,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )

 func TestGetStringSlicePreserveString(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)
-	cfg := viper.New()
+	cfg := New()

 	s := "This is a string"
 	sSlice := []string{"This", "is", "a", "slice"}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More