github: Add a "free space" step on Ubuntu

2026-08-26 08:18:53 +00:00 · 2024-04-14 16:14:16 +02:00
870 changed files with 7724 additions and 22455 deletions
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ parameters:
 defaults: &defaults
  resource_class: large
  docker:
-      - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser:1.22200.20501
+      - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser:1.22200.20200
 environment: &buildenv
      GOMODCACHE: /root/project/gomodcache
 version: 2
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
    environment:
        <<: [*buildenv]
    docker:
-    - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser-linux-arm64:1.22200.20501
+    - image: bepsays/ci-hugoreleaser-linux-arm64:1.22200.20200
    steps:
      - *restore-cache
      - &attach-workspace
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+name: TestDartSassV1
+env:
+  GOPROXY: https://proxy.golang.org
+  GO111MODULE: on
+  DART_SASS_VERSION: 1.62.1
+  DART_SASS_SHA_LINUX: 3574da75a7322a539034648b8ff84ff2cca162eb924d72b663d718cd3936f075
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+jobs:
+  test:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        go-version: [1.22.x]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
+        name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
+        uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@54081f138730dfa15788a46383842cd2f914a1be
+        with:
+          # this might remove tools that are actually needed,
+          # if set to "true" but frees about 6 GB
+          tool-cache: false
+          android: true
+          dotnet: true
+          haskell: true
+          large-packages: true
+          docker-images: true
+          swap-storage: true
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@0c52d547c9bc32b1aa3301fd7a9cb496313a4491
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
+          check-latest: true
+          cache: true
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            **/go.sum
+            **/go.mod
+      - name: Install Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@5f19ec79cedfadb78ab837f95b87734d0003c899
+        with:
+          ruby-version: "2.7"
+          bundler-cache: true #
+      - name: Install Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+      - name: Install Mage
+        run: go install github.com/magefile/mage@v1.15.0
+      - name: Install asciidoctor
+        uses: reitzig/actions-asciidoctor@03fcc74cd74880b697950c4930c9ec8a67c69ecc
+      - name: Install docutils
+        run: |
+          pip install docutils
+          rst2html --version
+      - if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
+        name: Install pandoc on Linux
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -y
+          sudo apt-get install -y pandoc
+      - if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        run: |
+          brew install pandoc
+      - if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
+        run: |
+          Choco-Install -PackageName pandoc
+      - run: pandoc -v
+      - name: Install dart-sass-embedded Linux
+        run: |
+          echo "Install Dart Sass version ${DART_SASS_VERSION} ..."
+          curl -LJO "https://github.com/sass/dart-sass-embedded/releases/download/${DART_SASS_VERSION}/sass_embedded-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz";
+          echo "${DART_SASS_SHA_LINUX}  sass_embedded-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c;
+          tar -xvf "sass_embedded-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz";
+          echo "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/sass_embedded/" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      - name: Check
+        run: |
+          dart-sass-embedded --version
+          mage -v check;
+        env:
+          HUGO_BUILD_TAGS: extended
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
      identification within third-party archives.

-   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+   Copyright 2022 The Hugo Authors.

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 [documentation repository]: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugoDocs
 [documentation]: https://gohugo.io/documentation
 [dragonfly bsd, freebsd, netbsd, and openbsd]: https://gohugo.io/installation/bsd
-[features]: https://gohugo.io/about/features/
 [forum]: https://discourse.gohugo.io
 [friends]: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/graphs/contributors
 [go]: https://go.dev/
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@
 [static site generator]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_site_generator
 [support]: https://discourse.gohugo.io
 [themes]: https://themes.gohugo.io/
+[twitter]: https://twitter.com/gohugoio
 [website]: https://gohugo.io
 [windows]: https://gohugo.io/installation/windows

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ A fast and flexible static site generator built with love by [bep], [spf13], and
 [![Tests on Linux, MacOS and Windows](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/actions?query=workflow%3ATest)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/gohugoio/hugo)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/gohugoio/hugo)

-[Website] | [Installation] | [Documentation] | [Support] | [Contributing] | <a rel="me" href="https://fosstodon.org/@gohugoio">Mastodon</a> | <a rel="me" href="https://x.com/gohugoiov2">X</a>
+[Website] | [Installation] | [Documentation] | [Support] | [Contributing] | <a rel="me" href="https://fosstodon.org/@gohugoio">Mastodon</a>

 ## Overview

@@ -52,23 +52,19 @@ Use Hugo's embedded web server during development to instantly see changes to co

 Hugo's fast asset pipelines include:

- Image processing &ndash; Convert, resize, crop, rotate, adjust colors, apply filters, overlay text and images, and extract EXIF data
- JavaScript bundling &ndash; Transpile TypeScript and JSX to JavaScript, bundle, tree shake, minify, create source maps, and perform SRI hashing.
- Sass processing &ndash; Transpile Sass to CSS, bundle, tree shake, minify, create source maps, perform SRI hashing, and integrate with PostCSS
- Tailwind CSS processing &ndash; Compile Tailwind CSS utility classes into standard CSS, bundle, tree shake, optimize, minify, perform SRI hashing, and integrate with PostCSS
+- CSS bundling &ndash; transpilation (Sass), tree shaking, minification, source maps, SRI hashing, and PostCSS integration
+- JavaScript bundling &ndash; transpilation (TypeScript, JSX), tree shaking, minification, source maps, and SRI hashing
+- Image processing &ndash; convert, resize, crop, rotate,  adjust colors, apply filters, overlay text and images, and extract EXIF data

 And with [Hugo Modules], you can share content, assets, data, translations, themes, templates, and configuration with other projects via public or private Git repositories.

-See the [features] section of the documentation for a comprehensive summary of Hugo's capabilities.
-
 ## Sponsors

 <p>&nbsp;</p>
 <p float="left">
-  <a href="https://www.linode.com/?utm_campaign=hugosponsor&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hugogithub" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme/master/assets/images/sponsors/linode-logo_standard_light_medium.png" width="200" alt="Linode"></a>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-  <a href="https://route4me.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme/master/assets/images/sponsors/Route4MeLogoBlueOnWhite.svg" width="200" alt="Route Planning & Route Optimization Software"></a>
-</p>
+  <a href="https://www.linode.com/?utm_campaign=hugosponsor&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hugogithub" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme/master/assets/images/sponsors/linode-logo_standard_light_medium.png" width="200" alt="Linode"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+  <a href="https://cloudcannon.com/hugo-cms/?utm_campaign=HugoSponsorship&utm_source=sponsor&utm_content=gohugo" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme/master/assets/images/sponsors/cloudcannon-blue.svg" width="220" alt="CloudCannon"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>

 ## Installation

@@ -102,9 +98,6 @@ Build the extended edition:
 ```text
 CGO_ENABLED=1 go install -tags extended github.com/gohugoio/hugo@latest
 ```
-## Star History
-
-[![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=gohugoio/hugo&type=Timeline)](https://star-history.com/#gohugoio/hugo&Timeline)

 ## Documentation

@@ -149,39 +142,40 @@ Hugo stands on the shoulders of great open source libraries. Run `hugo env --log

 ```text
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata="v0.2.3"
-cloud.google.com/go/iam="v1.1.5"
-cloud.google.com/go/storage="v1.35.1"
-cloud.google.com/go="v0.110.10"
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore="v1.9.0"
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity="v1.4.0"
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal="v1.5.0"
-github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob="v1.2.0"
+cloud.google.com/go/iam="v1.1.3"
+cloud.google.com/go/storage="v1.31.0"
+cloud.google.com/go="v0.110.8"
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore="v1.7.0"
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity="v1.3.0"
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal="v1.3.0"
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob="v1.1.0"
 github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/to="v0.4.0"
-github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go="v1.2.0"
+github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go="v1.0.0"
 github.com/BurntSushi/locker="v0.0.0-20171006230638-a6e239ea1c69"
-github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2="v2.14.0"
-github.com/armon/go-radix="v1.0.1-0.20221118154546-54df44f2176c"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream="v1.5.4"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config="v1.26.1"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials="v1.16.12"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds="v1.14.10"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/s3/manager="v1.15.7"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources="v1.3.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2="v2.6.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini="v1.7.2"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a="v1.2.9"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/cloudfront="v1.35.4"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding="v1.10.4"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum="v1.2.9"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url="v1.10.9"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared="v1.16.9"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3="v1.47.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso="v1.18.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc="v1.21.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts="v1.26.5"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2="v1.26.1"
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go="v1.50.7"
-github.com/aws/smithy-go="v1.20.2"
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell="v1.1.1"
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc="v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578"
+github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2="v2.11.1"
+github.com/armon/go-radix="v1.0.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream="v1.4.11"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config="v1.18.32"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials="v1.13.31"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds="v1.13.7"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/s3/manager="v1.11.76"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources="v1.1.37"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2="v2.4.31"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini="v1.3.38"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a="v1.1.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding="v1.9.12"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum="v1.1.32"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url="v1.9.31"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared="v1.15.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3="v1.38.1"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso="v1.13.1"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc="v1.15.1"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts="v1.21.1"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2="v1.20.0"
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go="v1.48.2"
+github.com/aws/smithy-go="v1.14.0"
 github.com/bep/clocks="v0.5.0"
 github.com/bep/debounce="v1.2.0"
 github.com/bep/gitmap="v1.1.2"
@@ -190,35 +184,32 @@ github.com/bep/godartsass/v2="v2.0.0"
 github.com/bep/godartsass="v1.2.0"
 github.com/bep/golibsass="v1.1.1"
 github.com/bep/gowebp="v0.3.0"
-github.com/bep/lazycache="v0.4.0"
-github.com/bep/logg="v0.4.0"
+github.com/bep/lazycache="v0.2.0"
+github.com/bep/logg="v0.3.0"
 github.com/bep/mclib="v1.20400.20402"
-github.com/bep/overlayfs="v0.9.2"
-github.com/bep/simplecobra="v0.4.0"
+github.com/bep/overlayfs="v0.6.0"
+github.com/bep/simplecobra="v0.3.2"
 github.com/bep/tmc="v0.5.1"
 github.com/clbanning/mxj/v2="v2.7.0"
 github.com/cli/safeexec="v1.0.1"
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2="v2.0.3"
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2="v2.0.2"
 github.com/disintegration/gift="v1.2.1"
-github.com/dlclark/regexp2="v1.11.0"
+github.com/dlclark/regexp2="v1.10.0"
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize="v1.0.1"
-github.com/evanw/esbuild="v0.21.4"
+github.com/evanw/esbuild="v0.19.7"
 github.com/fatih/color="v1.16.0"
 github.com/frankban/quicktest="v1.14.6"
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify="v1.7.0"
-github.com/getkin/kin-openapi="v0.123.0"
+github.com/getkin/kin-openapi="v0.120.0"
 github.com/ghodss/yaml="v1.0.0"
-github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer="v0.20.2"
-github.com/go-openapi/swag="v0.22.8"
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer="v0.19.6"
+github.com/go-openapi/swag="v0.22.4"
 github.com/gobuffalo/flect="v1.0.2"
 github.com/gobwas/glob="v0.2.3"
 github.com/gohugoio/go-i18n/v2="v2.1.3-0.20230805085216-e63c13218d0e"
-github.com/gohugoio/httpcache="v0.7.0"
-github.com/gohugoio/hugo-goldmark-extensions/extras="v0.2.0"
-github.com/gohugoio/hugo-goldmark-extensions/passthrough="v0.2.0"
 github.com/gohugoio/locales="v0.14.0"
 github.com/gohugoio/localescompressed="v1.0.1"
-github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5="v5.1.0"
+github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4="v4.5.0"
 github.com/golang/groupcache="v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da"
 github.com/golang/protobuf="v1.5.3"
 github.com/google/go-cmp="v0.6.0"
@@ -229,7 +220,7 @@ github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy="v0.3.2"
 github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2="v2.12.0"
 github.com/gorilla/websocket="v1.5.1"
 github.com/hairyhenderson/go-codeowners="v0.4.0"
-github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2="v2.0.7"
+github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2="v2.0.1"
 github.com/invopop/yaml="v0.2.0"
 github.com/jdkato/prose="v1.2.1"
 github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath="v0.4.0"
@@ -239,62 +230,63 @@ github.com/kr/text="v0.2.0"
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug="v1.1.0"
 github.com/kyokomi/emoji/v2="v2.2.12"
 github.com/mailru/easyjson="v0.7.7"
-github.com/makeworld-the-better-one/dither/v2="v2.4.0"
 github.com/marekm4/color-extractor="v1.2.1"
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable="v0.1.13"
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty="v0.0.20"
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth="v0.0.9"
 github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure="v1.1.0"
-github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure="v1.5.1-0.20231216201459-8508981c8b6c"
+github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure="v1.5.0"
 github.com/mohae/deepcopy="v0.0.0-20170929034955-c48cc78d4826"
 github.com/muesli/smartcrop="v0.3.0"
 github.com/niklasfasching/go-org="v1.7.0"
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter="v0.0.5"
-github.com/pbnjay/memory="v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58"
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2="v2.2.2"
+github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2="v2.1.0"
 github.com/perimeterx/marshmallow="v1.1.5"
 github.com/pkg/browser="v0.0.0-20210911075715-681adbf594b8"
 github.com/pkg/errors="v0.9.1"
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal="v1.12.0"
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal="v1.11.0"
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2="v2.1.0"
 github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif="v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd"
-github.com/sass/dart-sass/compiler="1.77.5"
-github.com/sass/dart-sass/implementation="1.77.5"
-github.com/sass/dart-sass/protocol="2.7.1"
+github.com/sanity-io/litter="v1.5.5"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/compiler="1.63.2"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/implementation="1.63.2"
+github.com/sass/dart-sass/protocol="2.0.0"
 github.com/sass/libsass="3.6.5"
-github.com/spf13/afero="v1.11.0"
-github.com/spf13/cast="v1.6.0"
-github.com/spf13/cobra="v1.8.0"
-github.com/spf13/fsync="v0.10.1"
+github.com/spf13/afero="v1.10.0"
+github.com/spf13/cast="v1.5.1"
+github.com/spf13/cobra="v1.7.0"
+github.com/spf13/fsync="v0.9.0"
 github.com/spf13/pflag="v1.0.5"
-github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2="v2.20.20"
-github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2="v2.7.13"
+github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2="v2.20.7"
+github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2="v2.7.5"
 github.com/webmproject/libwebp="v1.3.2"
-github.com/yuin/goldmark-emoji="v1.0.3"
-github.com/yuin/goldmark="v1.7.4"
+github.com/yuin/goldmark-emoji="v1.0.2"
+github.com/yuin/goldmark="v1.6.0"
 go.opencensus.io="v0.24.0"
+go.uber.org/atomic="v1.11.0"
 go.uber.org/automaxprocs="v1.5.3"
-gocloud.dev="v0.36.0"
-golang.org/x/crypto="v0.23.0"
+gocloud.dev="v0.34.0"
+golang.org/x/crypto="v0.15.0"
 golang.org/x/exp="v0.0.0-20221031165847-c99f073a8326"
-golang.org/x/image="v0.16.0"
-golang.org/x/mod="v0.17.0"
-golang.org/x/net="v0.25.0"
-golang.org/x/oauth2="v0.15.0"
-golang.org/x/sync="v0.7.0"
-golang.org/x/sys="v0.20.0"
-golang.org/x/text="v0.15.0"
-golang.org/x/time="v0.5.0"
-golang.org/x/tools="v0.20.0"
-golang.org/x/xerrors="v0.0.0-20231012003039-104605ab7028"
-google.golang.org/api="v0.152.0"
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api="v0.0.0-20231120223509-83a465c0220f"
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc="v0.0.0-20231120223509-83a465c0220f"
-google.golang.org/genproto="v0.0.0-20231120223509-83a465c0220f"
+golang.org/x/image="v0.13.0"
+golang.org/x/mod="v0.14.0"
+golang.org/x/net="v0.18.0"
+golang.org/x/oauth2="v0.13.0"
+golang.org/x/sync="v0.5.0"
+golang.org/x/sys="v0.14.0"
+golang.org/x/text="v0.14.0"
+golang.org/x/time="v0.3.0"
+golang.org/x/tools="v0.15.0"
+golang.org/x/xerrors="v0.0.0-20220907171357-04be3eba64a2"
+google.golang.org/api="v0.151.0"
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api="v0.0.0-20231016165738-49dd2c1f3d0b"
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc="v0.0.0-20231030173426-d783a09b4405"
+google.golang.org/genproto="v0.0.0-20231016165738-49dd2c1f3d0b"
 google.golang.org/grpc="v1.59.0"
-google.golang.org/protobuf="v1.33.0"
+google.golang.org/protobuf="v1.31.0"
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2="v2.4.0"
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3="v3.0.1"
+howett.net/plist="v1.0.0"
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12="v0.2.0"
 ```
 </details>
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@

 Please report (suspected) security vulnerabilities to **[bjorn.erik.pedersen@gmail.com](mailto:bjorn.erik.pedersen@gmail.com)**. You will receive a response from us within 48 hours. If we can confirm the issue, we will release a patch as soon as possible depending on the complexity of the issue but historically within days.

-Also see [Hugo's Security Model](https://gohugo.io/about/security/).
+Also see [Hugo's Security Model](https://gohugo.io/about/security-model/).
@@ -38,11 +38,6 @@ import (

 const minMaxSize = 10

-type KeyIdentity struct {
-	Key      any
-	Identity identity.Identity
-}
-
 // New creates a new cache.
 func New(opts Options) *Cache {
 	if opts.CheckInterval == 0 {
@@ -69,14 +64,14 @@ func New(opts Options) *Cache {

 	infol := opts.Log.InfoCommand("dynacache")

-	evictedIdentities := collections.NewStack[KeyIdentity]()
+	evictedIdentities := collections.NewStack[identity.Identity]()

 	onEvict := func(k, v any) {
-		if !opts.Watching {
+		if !opts.Running {
 			return
 		}
 		identity.WalkIdentitiesShallow(v, func(level int, id identity.Identity) bool {
-			evictedIdentities.Push(KeyIdentity{Key: k, Identity: id})
+			evictedIdentities.Push(id)
 			return false
 		})
 		resource.MarkStale(v)
@@ -102,7 +97,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	CheckInterval time.Duration
 	MaxSize       int
 	MinMaxSize    int
-	Watching      bool
+	Running       bool
 }

 // Options for a partition.
@@ -129,7 +124,7 @@ type Cache struct {
 	partitions map[string]PartitionManager

 	onEvict           func(k, v any)
-	evictedIdentities *collections.Stack[KeyIdentity]
+	evictedIdentities *collections.Stack[identity.Identity]

 	opts  Options
 	infol logg.LevelLogger
@@ -140,35 +135,21 @@ type Cache struct {
 }

 // DrainEvictedIdentities drains the evicted identities from the cache.
-func (c *Cache) DrainEvictedIdentities() []KeyIdentity {
+func (c *Cache) DrainEvictedIdentities() []identity.Identity {
 	return c.evictedIdentities.Drain()
 }

-// DrainEvictedIdentitiesMatching drains the evicted identities from the cache that match the given predicate.
-func (c *Cache) DrainEvictedIdentitiesMatching(predicate func(KeyIdentity) bool) []KeyIdentity {
-	return c.evictedIdentities.DrainMatching(predicate)
-}
-
 // ClearMatching clears all partition for which the predicate returns true.
-func (c *Cache) ClearMatching(predicatePartition func(k string, p PartitionManager) bool, predicateValue func(k, v any) bool) {
-	if predicatePartition == nil {
-		predicatePartition = func(k string, p PartitionManager) bool { return true }
-	}
-	if predicateValue == nil {
-		panic("nil predicateValue")
-	}
+func (c *Cache) ClearMatching(predicate func(k, v any) bool) {
 	g := rungroup.Run[PartitionManager](context.Background(), rungroup.Config[PartitionManager]{
 		NumWorkers: len(c.partitions),
 		Handle: func(ctx context.Context, partition PartitionManager) error {
-			partition.clearMatching(predicateValue)
+			partition.clearMatching(predicate)
 			return nil
 		},
 	})

-	for k, p := range c.partitions {
-		if !predicatePartition(k, p) {
-			continue
-		}
+	for _, p := range c.partitions {
 		g.Enqueue(p)
 	}

@@ -375,7 +356,6 @@ func GetOrCreatePartition[K comparable, V any](c *Cache, name string, opts Optio
 		trace:   c.opts.Log.Logger().WithLevel(logg.LevelTrace).WithField("partition", name),
 		opts:    opts,
 	}
-
 	c.partitions[name] = partition

 	return partition
@@ -395,37 +375,13 @@ type Partition[K comparable, V any] struct {

 // GetOrCreate gets or creates a value for the given key.
 func (p *Partition[K, V]) GetOrCreate(key K, create func(key K) (V, error)) (V, error) {
-	v, err := p.doGetOrCreate(key, create)
-	if err != nil {
-		return p.zero, err
-	}
-	if resource.StaleVersion(v) > 0 {
-		p.c.Delete(key)
-		return p.doGetOrCreate(key, create)
-	}
-	return v, err
-}
-
-func (p *Partition[K, V]) doGetOrCreate(key K, create func(key K) (V, error)) (V, error) {
 	v, _, err := p.c.GetOrCreate(key, create)
 	return v, err
 }

-func (p *Partition[K, V]) GetOrCreateWitTimeout(key K, duration time.Duration, create func(key K) (V, error)) (V, error) {
-	v, err := p.doGetOrCreateWitTimeout(key, duration, create)
-	if err != nil {
-		return p.zero, err
-	}
-	if resource.StaleVersion(v) > 0 {
-		p.c.Delete(key)
-		return p.doGetOrCreateWitTimeout(key, duration, create)
-	}
-	return v, err
-}
-
 // GetOrCreateWitTimeout gets or creates a value for the given key and times out if the create function
 // takes too long.
-func (p *Partition[K, V]) doGetOrCreateWitTimeout(key K, duration time.Duration, create func(key K) (V, error)) (V, error) {
+func (p *Partition[K, V]) GetOrCreateWitTimeout(key K, duration time.Duration, create func(key K) (V, error)) (V, error) {
 	resultch := make(chan V, 1)
 	errch := make(chan error, 1)

@@ -482,7 +438,7 @@ func (p *Partition[K, V]) clearOnRebuild(changeset ...identity.Identity) {

 	shouldDelete := func(key K, v V) bool {
 		// We always clear elements marked as stale.
-		if resource.StaleVersion(v) > 0 {
+		if resource.IsStaleAny(v) {
 			return true
 		}

@@ -537,8 +493,8 @@ func (p *Partition[K, V]) Keys() []K {

 func (p *Partition[K, V]) clearStale() {
 	p.c.DeleteFunc(func(key K, v V) bool {
-		staleVersion := resource.StaleVersion(v)
-		if staleVersion > 0 {
+		isStale := resource.IsStaleAny(v)
+		if isStale {
 			p.trace.Log(
 				logg.StringFunc(
 					func() string {
@@ -548,7 +504,7 @@ func (p *Partition[K, V]) clearStale() {
 			)
 		}

-		return staleVersion > 0
+		return isStale
 	})
 }

@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ var (
 )

 type testItem struct {
-	name         string
-	staleVersion uint32
+	name    string
+	isStale bool
 }

-func (t testItem) StaleVersion() uint32 {
-	return t.staleVersion
+func (t testItem) IsStale() bool {
+	return t.isStale
 }

 func (t testItem) IdentifierBase() string {
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func newTestCache(t *testing.T) *Cache {

 	p2.GetOrCreate("clearBecauseStale", func(string) (testItem, error) {
 		return testItem{
-			staleVersion: 32,
+			isStale: true,
 		}, nil
 	})

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func newTestCache(t *testing.T) *Cache {

 	p2.GetOrCreate("clearNever", func(string) (testItem, error) {
 		return testItem{
-			staleVersion: 0,
+			isStale: false,
 		}, nil
 	})

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func TestClear(t *testing.T) {

 	cache = newTestCache(t)

-	cache.ClearMatching(nil, func(k, v any) bool {
+	cache.ClearMatching(func(k, v any) bool {
 		return k.(string) == "clearOnRebuild"
 	})

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2018 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/gohugoio/httpcache"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugio"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"

@@ -183,15 +182,6 @@ func (c *Cache) ReadOrCreate(id string,
 	return
 }

-// NamedLock locks the given id. The lock is released when the returned function is called.
-func (c *Cache) NamedLock(id string) func() {
-	id = cleanID(id)
-	c.nlocker.Lock(id)
-	return func() {
-		c.nlocker.Unlock(id)
-	}
-}
-
 // GetOrCreate tries to get the file with the given id from cache. If not found or expired, create will
 // be invoked and the result cached.
 // This method is protected by a named lock using the given id as identifier.
@@ -228,23 +218,7 @@ func (c *Cache) GetOrCreate(id string, create func() (io.ReadCloser, error)) (It
 	var buff bytes.Buffer
 	return info,
 		hugio.ToReadCloser(&buff),
-		c.writeReader(id, io.TeeReader(r, &buff))
-}
-
-func (c *Cache) writeReader(id string, r io.Reader) error {
-	dir := filepath.Dir(id)
-	if dir != "" {
-		_ = c.Fs.MkdirAll(dir, 0o777)
-	}
-	f, err := c.Fs.Create(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	_, _ = io.Copy(f, r)
-
-	return nil
+		afero.WriteReader(c.Fs, id, io.TeeReader(r, &buff))
 }

 // GetOrCreateBytes is the same as GetOrCreate, but produces a byte slice.
@@ -279,10 +253,9 @@ func (c *Cache) GetOrCreateBytes(id string, create func() ([]byte, error)) (Item
 		return info, b, nil
 	}

-	if err := c.writeReader(id, bytes.NewReader(b)); err != nil {
+	if err := afero.WriteReader(c.Fs, id, bytes.NewReader(b)); err != nil {
 		return info, nil, err
 	}
-
 	return info, b, nil
 }

@@ -332,8 +305,16 @@ func (c *Cache) getOrRemove(id string) hugio.ReadSeekCloser {
 		return nil
 	}

-	if removed, err := c.removeIfExpired(id); err != nil || removed {
-		return nil
+	if c.maxAge > 0 {
+		fi, err := c.Fs.Stat(id)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if c.isExpired(fi.ModTime()) {
+			c.Fs.Remove(id)
+			return nil
+		}
 	}

 	f, err := c.Fs.Open(id)
@@ -344,49 +325,6 @@ func (c *Cache) getOrRemove(id string) hugio.ReadSeekCloser {
 	return f
 }

-func (c *Cache) getBytesAndRemoveIfExpired(id string) ([]byte, bool) {
-	if c.maxAge == 0 {
-		// No caching.
-		return nil, false
-	}
-
-	f, err := c.Fs.Open(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	b, err := io.ReadAll(f)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-
-	removed, err := c.removeIfExpired(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-
-	return b, removed
-}
-
-func (c *Cache) removeIfExpired(id string) (bool, error) {
-	if c.maxAge <= 0 {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	fi, err := c.Fs.Stat(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if c.isExpired(fi.ModTime()) {
-		c.Fs.Remove(id)
-		return true, nil
-	}
-
-	return false, nil
-}
-
 func (c *Cache) isExpired(modTime time.Time) bool {
 	if c.maxAge < 0 {
 		return false
@@ -460,37 +398,3 @@ func NewCaches(p *helpers.PathSpec) (Caches, error) {
 func cleanID(name string) string {
 	return strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Clean(name), helpers.FilePathSeparator)
 }
-
-// AsHTTPCache returns an httpcache.Cache implementation for this file cache.
-// Note that none of the methods are protected by named locks, so you need to make sure
-// to do that in your own code.
-func (c *Cache) AsHTTPCache() httpcache.Cache {
-	return &httpCache{c: c}
-}
-
-type httpCache struct {
-	c *Cache
-}
-
-func (h *httpCache) Get(id string) (resp []byte, ok bool) {
-	id = cleanID(id)
-	b, removed := h.c.getBytesAndRemoveIfExpired(id)
-
-	return b, !removed
-}
-
-func (h *httpCache) Set(id string, resp []byte) {
-	if h.c.maxAge == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	id = cleanID(id)
-
-	if err := h.c.writeReader(id, bytes.NewReader(resp)); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *httpCache) Delete(key string) {
-	h.c.Fs.Remove(key)
-}
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package httpcache
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/predicate"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
-	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
-)
-
-// DefaultConfig holds the default configuration for the HTTP cache.
-var DefaultConfig = Config{
-	Cache: Cache{
-		For: GlobMatcher{
-			Excludes: []string{"**"},
-		},
-	},
-	Polls: []PollConfig{
-		{
-			For: GlobMatcher{
-				Includes: []string{"**"},
-			},
-			Disable: true,
-		},
-	},
-}
-
-// Config holds the configuration for the HTTP cache.
-type Config struct {
-	// Configures the HTTP cache behaviour (RFC 9111).
-	// When this is not enabled for a resource, Hugo will go straight to the file cache.
-	Cache Cache
-
-	// Polls holds a list of configurations for polling remote resources to detect changes in watch mode.
-	// This can be disabled for some resources, typically if they are known to not change.
-	Polls []PollConfig
-}
-
-type Cache struct {
-	// Enable HTTP cache behaviour (RFC 9111) for these rsources.
-	For GlobMatcher
-}
-
-func (c *Config) Compile() (ConfigCompiled, error) {
-	var cc ConfigCompiled
-
-	p, err := c.Cache.For.CompilePredicate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return cc, err
-	}
-
-	cc.For = p
-
-	for _, pc := range c.Polls {
-
-		p, err := pc.For.CompilePredicate()
-		if err != nil {
-			return cc, err
-		}
-
-		cc.PollConfigs = append(cc.PollConfigs, PollConfigCompiled{
-			For:    p,
-			Config: pc,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return cc, nil
-}
-
-// PollConfig holds the configuration for polling remote resources to detect changes in watch mode.
-type PollConfig struct {
-	// What remote resources to apply this configuration to.
-	For GlobMatcher
-
-	// Disable polling for this configuration.
-	Disable bool
-
-	// Low is the lower bound for the polling interval.
-	// This is the starting point when the resource has recently changed,
-	// if that resource stops changing, the polling interval will gradually increase towards High.
-	Low time.Duration
-
-	// High is the upper bound for the polling interval.
-	// This is the interval used when the resource is stable.
-	High time.Duration
-}
-
-func (c PollConfig) MarshalJSON() (b []byte, err error) {
-	// Marshal the durations as strings.
-	type Alias PollConfig
-	return json.Marshal(&struct {
-		Low  string
-		High string
-		Alias
-	}{
-		Low:   c.Low.String(),
-		High:  c.High.String(),
-		Alias: (Alias)(c),
-	})
-}
-
-type GlobMatcher struct {
-	// Excludes holds a list of glob patterns that will be excluded.
-	Excludes []string
-
-	// Includes holds a list of glob patterns that will be included.
-	Includes []string
-}
-
-type ConfigCompiled struct {
-	For         predicate.P[string]
-	PollConfigs []PollConfigCompiled
-}
-
-func (c *ConfigCompiled) PollConfigFor(s string) PollConfigCompiled {
-	for _, pc := range c.PollConfigs {
-		if pc.For(s) {
-			return pc
-		}
-	}
-	return PollConfigCompiled{}
-}
-
-func (c *ConfigCompiled) IsPollingDisabled() bool {
-	for _, pc := range c.PollConfigs {
-		if !pc.Config.Disable {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-type PollConfigCompiled struct {
-	For    predicate.P[string]
-	Config PollConfig
-}
-
-func (p PollConfigCompiled) IsZero() bool {
-	return p.For == nil
-}
-
-func (gm *GlobMatcher) CompilePredicate() (func(string) bool, error) {
-	var p predicate.P[string]
-	for _, include := range gm.Includes {
-		g, err := glob.Compile(include, '/')
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		fn := func(s string) bool {
-			return g.Match(s)
-		}
-		p = p.Or(fn)
-	}
-
-	for _, exclude := range gm.Excludes {
-		g, err := glob.Compile(exclude, '/')
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		fn := func(s string) bool {
-			return !g.Match(s)
-		}
-		p = p.And(fn)
-	}
-
-	return p, nil
-}
-
-func DecodeConfig(bcfg config.BaseConfig, m map[string]any) (Config, error) {
-	if len(m) == 0 {
-		return DefaultConfig, nil
-	}
-
-	var c Config
-
-	dc := &mapstructure.DecoderConfig{
-		Result:           &c,
-		DecodeHook:       mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
-		WeaklyTypedInput: true,
-	}
-
-	decoder, err := mapstructure.NewDecoder(dc)
-	if err != nil {
-		return c, err
-	}
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(m); err != nil {
-		return c, err
-	}
-
-	return c, nil
-}
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package httpcache_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
-)
-
-func TestConfigCustom(t *testing.T) {
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
-[httpcache]
-[httpcache.cache.for]
-includes = ["**gohugo.io**"]
-[[httpcache.polls]]
-low = "5s"
-high = "32s"
-[httpcache.polls.for]
-includes = ["**gohugo.io**"]
-		
-	
-`
-
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	httpcacheConf := b.H.Configs.Base.HTTPCache
-	compiled := b.H.Configs.Base.C.HTTPCache
-
-	b.Assert(httpcacheConf.Cache.For.Includes, qt.DeepEquals, []string{"**gohugo.io**"})
-	b.Assert(httpcacheConf.Cache.For.Excludes, qt.IsNil)
-
-	pc := compiled.PollConfigFor("https://gohugo.io/foo.jpg")
-	b.Assert(pc.Config.Low, qt.Equals, 5*time.Second)
-	b.Assert(pc.Config.High, qt.Equals, 32*time.Second)
-	b.Assert(compiled.PollConfigFor("https://example.com/foo.jpg").IsZero(), qt.IsTrue)
-}
-
-func TestConfigDefault(t *testing.T) {
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
-`
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	compiled := b.H.Configs.Base.C.HTTPCache
-
-	b.Assert(compiled.For("https://gohugo.io/posts.json"), qt.IsFalse)
-	b.Assert(compiled.For("https://gohugo.io/foo.jpg"), qt.IsFalse)
-	b.Assert(compiled.PollConfigFor("https://gohugo.io/foo.jpg").Config.Disable, qt.IsTrue)
-}
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package httpcache
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-)
-
-func TestGlobMatcher(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	g := GlobMatcher{
-		Includes: []string{"**/*.jpg", "**.png", "**/bar/**"},
-		Excludes: []string{"**/foo.jpg", "**.css"},
-	}
-
-	p, err := g.CompilePredicate()
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-
-	c.Assert(p("foo.jpg"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo.png"), qt.IsTrue)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar.jpg"), qt.IsTrue)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar.png"), qt.IsTrue)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar/foo.jpg"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar/foo.css"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo.css"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar/foo.css"), qt.IsFalse)
-	c.Assert(p("foo/bar/foo.xml"), qt.IsTrue)
-}
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/kinds"
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -104,9 +103,6 @@ type rootCommand struct {
 	commonConfigs *lazycache.Cache[int32, *commonConfig]
 	hugoSites     *lazycache.Cache[int32, *hugolib.HugoSites]

-	// changesFromBuild received from Hugo in watch mode.
-	changesFromBuild chan []identity.Identity
-
 	commands []simplecobra.Commander

 	// Flags
@@ -132,7 +128,6 @@ type rootCommand struct {
 	verbose bool
 	debug   bool
 	quiet   bool
-	devMode bool // Hidden flag.

 	renderToMemory bool

@@ -308,7 +303,7 @@ func (r *rootCommand) ConfigFromProvider(key int32, cfg config.Provider) (*commo

 func (r *rootCommand) HugFromConfig(conf *commonConfig) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
 	h, _, err := r.hugoSites.GetOrCreate(r.configVersionID.Load(), func(key int32) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
-		depsCfg := r.newDepsConfig(conf)
+		depsCfg := deps.DepsCfg{Configs: conf.configs, Fs: conf.fs, LogOut: r.logger.Out(), LogLevel: r.logger.Level()}
 		return hugolib.NewHugoSites(depsCfg)
 	})
 	return h, err
@@ -320,27 +315,23 @@ func (r *rootCommand) Hugo(cfg config.Provider) (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		depsCfg := r.newDepsConfig(conf)
+		depsCfg := deps.DepsCfg{Configs: conf.configs, Fs: conf.fs, LogOut: r.logger.Out(), LogLevel: r.logger.Level()}
 		return hugolib.NewHugoSites(depsCfg)
 	})
 	return h, err
 }

-func (r *rootCommand) newDepsConfig(conf *commonConfig) deps.DepsCfg {
-	return deps.DepsCfg{Configs: conf.configs, Fs: conf.fs, LogOut: r.logger.Out(), LogLevel: r.logger.Level(), ChangesFromBuild: r.changesFromBuild}
-}
-
 func (r *rootCommand) Name() string {
 	return "hugo"
 }

 func (r *rootCommand) Run(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, args []string) error {
-	b := newHugoBuilder(r, nil)
-
 	if !r.buildWatch {
-		defer b.postBuild("Total", time.Now())
+		defer r.timeTrack(time.Now(), "Total")
 	}

+	b := newHugoBuilder(r, nil)
+
 	if err := b.loadConfig(cd, false); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -416,8 +407,6 @@ func (r *rootCommand) PreRun(cd, runner *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	r.changesFromBuild = make(chan []identity.Identity, 10)
-
 	r.commonConfigs = lazycache.New(lazycache.Options[int32, *commonConfig]{MaxEntries: 5})
 	// We don't want to keep stale HugoSites in memory longer than needed.
 	r.hugoSites = lazycache.New(lazycache.Options[int32, *hugolib.HugoSites]{
@@ -434,33 +423,29 @@ func (r *rootCommand) PreRun(cd, runner *simplecobra.Commandeer) error {
 func (r *rootCommand) createLogger(running bool) (loggers.Logger, error) {
 	level := logg.LevelWarn

-	if r.devMode {
-		level = logg.LevelTrace
+	if r.logLevel != "" {
+		switch strings.ToLower(r.logLevel) {
+		case "debug":
+			level = logg.LevelDebug
+		case "info":
+			level = logg.LevelInfo
+		case "warn", "warning":
+			level = logg.LevelWarn
+		case "error":
+			level = logg.LevelError
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid log level: %q, must be one of debug, warn, info or error", r.logLevel)
+		}
 	} else {
-		if r.logLevel != "" {
-			switch strings.ToLower(r.logLevel) {
-			case "debug":
-				level = logg.LevelDebug
-			case "info":
-				level = logg.LevelInfo
-			case "warn", "warning":
-				level = logg.LevelWarn
-			case "error":
-				level = logg.LevelError
-			default:
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid log level: %q, must be one of debug, warn, info or error", r.logLevel)
-			}
-		} else {
-			if r.verbose {
-				hugo.Deprecate("--verbose", "use --logLevel info", "v0.114.0")
-				hugo.Deprecate("--verbose", "use --logLevel info", "v0.114.0")
-				level = logg.LevelInfo
-			}
+		if r.verbose {
+			hugo.Deprecate("--verbose", "use --logLevel info", "v0.114.0")
+			hugo.Deprecate("--verbose", "use --logLevel info", "v0.114.0")
+			level = logg.LevelInfo
+		}

-			if r.debug {
-				hugo.Deprecate("--debug", "use --logLevel debug", "v0.114.0")
-				level = logg.LevelDebug
-			}
+		if r.debug {
+			hugo.Deprecate("--debug", "use --logLevel debug", "v0.114.0")
+			level = logg.LevelDebug
 		}
 	}

@@ -516,17 +501,14 @@ Complete documentation is available at https://gohugo.io/.`
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&r.cfgDir, "configDir", "config", "config dir")
 	_ = cmd.MarkFlagDirname("configDir")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&r.quiet, "quiet", false, "build in quiet mode")
-	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&r.renderToMemory, "renderToMemory", "M", false, "render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)")
+	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&r.renderToMemory, "renderToMemory", false, "render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)")

 	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&r.verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "verbose output")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&r.debug, "debug", "", false, "debug output")
-	cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&r.devMode, "devMode", "", false, "only used for internal testing, flag hidden.")
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&r.logLevel, "logLevel", "", "log level (debug|info|warn|error)")
 	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("logLevel", cobra.FixedCompletions([]string{"debug", "info", "warn", "error"}, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp))
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&r.buildWatch, "watch", "w", false, "watch filesystem for changes and recreate as needed")

-	cmd.PersistentFlags().MarkHidden("devMode")
-
 	// Configure local flags
 	applyLocalFlagsBuild(cmd, r)

@@ -45,10 +45,9 @@ func newGenCommand() *genCommand {
 		genmandir string

 		// Chroma flags.
-		style                  string
-		highlightStyle         string
-		lineNumbersInlineStyle string
-		lineNumbersTableStyle  string
+		style          string
+		highlightStyle string
+		linesStyle     string
 	)

 	newChromaStyles := func() simplecobra.Commander {
@@ -64,11 +63,8 @@ See https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html for a preview of the availabl
 				if highlightStyle != "" {
 					builder.Add(chroma.LineHighlight, highlightStyle)
 				}
-				if lineNumbersInlineStyle != "" {
-					builder.Add(chroma.LineNumbers, lineNumbersInlineStyle)
-				}
-				if lineNumbersTableStyle != "" {
-					builder.Add(chroma.LineNumbersTable, lineNumbersTableStyle)
+				if linesStyle != "" {
+					builder.Add(chroma.LineNumbers, linesStyle)
 				}
 				style, err := builder.Build()
 				if err != nil {
@@ -82,12 +78,10 @@ See https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html for a preview of the availabl
 				cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
 				cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&style, "style", "friendly", "highlighter style (see https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/)")
 				_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("style", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
-				cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&highlightStyle, "highlightStyle", "", `foreground and background colors for highlighted lines, e.g. --highlightStyle "#fff000 bg:#000fff"`)
+				cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&highlightStyle, "highlightStyle", "", "style used for highlighting lines (see https://github.com/alecthomas/chroma)")
 				_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("highlightStyle", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
-				cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&lineNumbersInlineStyle, "lineNumbersInlineStyle", "", `foreground and background colors for inline line numbers, e.g. --lineNumbersInlineStyle "#fff000 bg:#000fff"`)
-				_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("lineNumbersInlineStyle", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
-				cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&lineNumbersTableStyle, "lineNumbersTableStyle", "", `foreground and background colors for table line numbers, e.g. --lineNumbersTableStyle "#fff000 bg:#000fff"`)
-				_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("lineNumbersTableStyle", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
+				cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&linesStyle, "linesStyle", "", "style used for line numbers (see https://github.com/alecthomas/chroma)")
+				_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("linesStyle", cobra.NoFileCompletions)
 			},
 		}
 	}
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib/filesystems"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/livereload"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/page"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/watcher"
@@ -76,14 +75,9 @@ type hugoBuilder struct {
 	errState hugoBuilderErrState
 }

-var errConfigNotSet = errors.New("config not set")
-
 func (c *hugoBuilder) withConfE(fn func(conf *commonConfig) error) error {
 	c.confmu.Lock()
 	defer c.confmu.Unlock()
-	if c.conf == nil {
-		return errConfigNotSet
-	}
 	return fn(c.conf)
 }

@@ -344,27 +338,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) newWatcher(pollIntervalStr string, dirList ...string) (*wa
 	go func() {
 		for {
 			select {
-			case changes := <-c.r.changesFromBuild:
-				c.errState.setBuildErr(nil)
-				unlock, err := h.LockBuild()
-				if err != nil {
-					c.r.logger.Errorln("Failed to acquire a build lock: %s", err)
-					return
-				}
-				c.changeDetector.PrepareNew()
-				err = c.rebuildSitesForChanges(changes)
-				if err != nil {
-					c.r.logger.Errorln("Error while watching:", err)
-				}
-				if c.s != nil && c.s.doLiveReload {
-					doReload := c.changeDetector == nil || len(c.changeDetector.changed()) > 0
-					doReload = doReload || c.showErrorInBrowser && c.errCount() > 0
-					if doReload {
-						livereload.ForceRefresh()
-					}
-				}
-				unlock()
-
 			case evs := <-watcher.Events:
 				unlock, err := h.LockBuild()
 				if err != nil {
@@ -612,7 +585,7 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) fullRebuild(changeType string) {
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
 		}()

-		defer c.postBuild("Rebuilt", time.Now())
+		defer c.r.timeTrack(time.Now(), "Rebuilt")

 		err := c.reloadConfig()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -744,20 +717,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 	staticEvents := []fsnotify.Event{}
 	dynamicEvents := []fsnotify.Event{}

-	filterDuplicateEvents := func(evs []fsnotify.Event) []fsnotify.Event {
-		seen := make(map[string]bool)
-		var n int
-		for _, ev := range evs {
-			if seen[ev.Name] {
-				continue
-			}
-			seen[ev.Name] = true
-			evs[n] = ev
-			n++
-		}
-		return evs[:n]
-	}
-
 	h, err := c.hugo()
 	if err != nil {
 		c.r.logger.Errorln("Error getting the Hugo object:", err)
@@ -847,11 +806,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 		}
 	}

-	lrl := c.r.logger.InfoCommand("livereload")
-
-	staticEvents = filterDuplicateEvents(staticEvents)
-	dynamicEvents = filterDuplicateEvents(dynamicEvents)
-
 	if len(staticEvents) > 0 {
 		c.printChangeDetected("Static files")

@@ -872,20 +826,19 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 		if c.s != nil && c.s.doLiveReload {
 			// Will block forever trying to write to a channel that nobody is reading if livereload isn't initialized

+			// force refresh when more than one file
 			if !c.errState.wasErr() && len(staticEvents) == 1 {
+				ev := staticEvents[0]
 				h, err := c.hugo()
 				if err != nil {
 					c.r.logger.Errorln("Error getting the Hugo object:", err)
 					return
 				}
-
-				path := h.BaseFs.SourceFilesystems.MakeStaticPathRelative(staticEvents[0].Name)
+				path := h.BaseFs.SourceFilesystems.MakeStaticPathRelative(ev.Name)
 				path = h.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(path), false)

-				lrl.Logf("refreshing static file %q", path)
 				livereload.RefreshPath(path)
 			} else {
-				lrl.Logf("got %d static file change events, force refresh", len(staticEvents))
 				livereload.ForceRefresh()
 			}
 		}
@@ -896,43 +849,33 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 			h.BaseFs.SourceFilesystems,
 			dynamicEvents)

-		onePageName := pickOneWriteOrCreatePath(h.Conf.ContentTypes(), partitionedEvents.ContentEvents)
+		onePageName := pickOneWriteOrCreatePath(partitionedEvents.ContentEvents)

 		c.printChangeDetected("")
 		c.changeDetector.PrepareNew()

 		func() {
-			defer c.postBuild("Total", time.Now())
+			defer c.r.timeTrack(time.Now(), "Total")
 			if err := c.rebuildSites(dynamicEvents); err != nil {
 				c.handleBuildErr(err, "Rebuild failed")
 			}
 		}()

 		if c.s != nil && c.s.doLiveReload {
-			if c.errState.wasErr() {
-				livereload.ForceRefresh()
-				return
-			}
-
-			changed := c.changeDetector.changed()
-			if c.changeDetector != nil {
-				lrl.Logf("build changed %d files", len(changed))
-				if len(changed) == 0 {
-					// Nothing has changed.
+			if len(partitionedEvents.ContentEvents) == 0 && len(partitionedEvents.AssetEvents) > 0 {
+				if c.errState.wasErr() {
+					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 					return
 				}
-			}
-
-			// If this change set also contains one or more CSS files, we need to
-			// refresh these as well.
-			var cssChanges []string
-			var otherChanges []string
-
-			for _, ev := range changed {
-				if strings.HasSuffix(ev, ".css") {
-					cssChanges = append(cssChanges, ev)
+				changed := c.changeDetector.changed()
+				if c.changeDetector != nil && len(changed) == 0 {
+					// Nothing has changed.
+					return
+				} else if len(changed) == 1 {
+					pathToRefresh := h.PathSpec.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(changed[0]), false)
+					livereload.RefreshPath(pathToRefresh)
 				} else {
-					otherChanges = append(otherChanges, ev)
+					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 				}
 			}

@@ -948,48 +891,16 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) handleEvents(watcher *watcher.Batcher,
 					}
 				}

-				if p != nil && p.RelPermalink() != "" {
-					link, port := p.RelPermalink(), p.Site().ServerPort()
-					lrl.Logf("navigating to %q using port %d", link, port)
-					livereload.NavigateToPathForPort(link, port)
+				if p != nil {
+					livereload.NavigateToPathForPort(p.RelPermalink(), p.Site().ServerPort())
 				} else {
-					lrl.Logf("no page to navigate to, force refresh")
 					livereload.ForceRefresh()
 				}
-			} else if len(otherChanges) > 0 {
-				if len(otherChanges) == 1 {
-					// Allow single changes to be refreshed without a full page reload.
-					pathToRefresh := h.PathSpec.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(otherChanges[0]), false)
-					lrl.Logf("refreshing %q", pathToRefresh)
-					livereload.RefreshPath(pathToRefresh)
-				} else if len(cssChanges) == 0 {
-					lrl.Logf("force refresh")
-					livereload.ForceRefresh()
-				}
-			}
-
-			if len(cssChanges) > 0 {
-				// Allow some time for the live reload script to get reconnected.
-				if len(otherChanges) > 0 {
-					time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
-				}
-				for _, ev := range cssChanges {
-					pathToRefresh := h.PathSpec.RelURL(paths.ToSlashTrimLeading(ev), false)
-					lrl.Logf("refreshing CSS %q", pathToRefresh)
-					livereload.RefreshPath(pathToRefresh)
-				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }

-func (c *hugoBuilder) postBuild(what string, start time.Time) {
-	if h, err := c.hugo(); err == nil && h.Conf.Running() {
-		h.LogServerAddresses()
-	}
-	c.r.timeTrack(start, what)
-}
-
 func (c *hugoBuilder) hugo() (*hugolib.HugoSites, error) {
 	var h *hugolib.HugoSites
 	if err := c.withConfE(func(conf *commonConfig) error {
@@ -1096,19 +1007,6 @@ func (c *hugoBuilder) rebuildSites(events []fsnotify.Event) error {
 	return h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, RecentlyVisited: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()}, events...)
 }

-func (c *hugoBuilder) rebuildSitesForChanges(ids []identity.Identity) error {
-	c.errState.setBuildErr(nil)
-	h, err := c.hugo()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	whatChanged := &hugolib.WhatChanged{}
-	whatChanged.Add(ids...)
-	err = h.Build(hugolib.BuildCfg{NoBuildLock: true, WhatChanged: whatChanged, RecentlyVisited: c.visitedURLs, ErrRecovery: c.errState.wasErr()})
-	c.errState.setBuildErr(err)
-	return err
-}
-
 func (c *hugoBuilder) reloadConfig() error {
 	c.r.Reset()
 	c.r.configVersionID.Add(1)
@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 			p.PublishDate().Format(time.RFC3339),
 			strconv.FormatBool(p.Draft()),
 			p.Permalink(),
-			p.Kind(),
-			p.Section(),
 		}
 	}

@@ -69,8 +67,6 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 			"publishDate",
 			"draft",
 			"permalink",
-			"kind",
-			"section",
 		})

 		for _, p := range h.Pages() {
@@ -79,6 +75,9 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 				if err := writer.Write(record); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
 			}
 		}

@@ -89,8 +88,8 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 		commands: []simplecobra.Commander{
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "drafts",
-				short: "List draft content",
-				long:  `List draft content.`,
+				short: "List all drafts",
+				long:  `List all of the drafts in your content directory.`,
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 					shouldInclude := func(p page.Page) bool {
 						if !p.Draft() || p.File() == nil {
@@ -110,8 +109,8 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 			},
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "future",
-				short: "List future content",
-				long:  `List content with a future publication date.`,
+				short: "List all posts dated in the future",
+				long:  `List all of the posts in your content directory which will be posted in the future.`,
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 					shouldInclude := func(p page.Page) bool {
 						if !resource.IsFuture(p) || p.File() == nil {
@@ -130,8 +129,8 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 			},
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "expired",
-				short: "List expired content",
-				long:  `List content with a past expiration date.`,
+				short: "List all posts already expired",
+				long:  `List all of the posts in your content directory which has already expired.`,
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 					shouldInclude := func(p page.Page) bool {
 						if !resource.IsExpired(p) || p.File() == nil {
@@ -150,8 +149,8 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 			},
 			&simpleCommand{
 				name:  "all",
-				short: "List all content",
-				long:  `List all content including draft, future, and expired.`,
+				short: "List all posts",
+				long:  `List all of the posts in your content directory, include drafts, future and expired pages.`,
 				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
 					shouldInclude := func(p page.Page) bool {
 						return p.File() != nil
@@ -162,20 +161,6 @@ func newListCommand() *listCommand {
 					cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
 				},
 			},
-			&simpleCommand{
-				name:  "published",
-				short: "List published content",
-				long:  `List content that is not draft, future, or expired.`,
-				run: func(ctx context.Context, cd *simplecobra.Commandeer, r *rootCommand, args []string) error {
-					shouldInclude := func(p page.Page) bool {
-						return !p.Draft() && !resource.IsFuture(p) && !resource.IsExpired(p) && p.File() != nil
-					}
-					return list(cd, r, shouldInclude)
-				},
-				withc: func(cmd *cobra.Command, r *rootCommand) {
-					cmd.ValidArgsFunction = cobra.NoFileCompletions
-				},
-			},
 		},
 	}
 }
@@ -268,14 +268,13 @@ Run "go help get" for more information. All flags available for "go get" is also
 							if info.Name() == "go.mod" {
 								// Found a module.
 								dir := filepath.Dir(path)
-
+								r.Println("Update module in", dir)
 								cfg := config.New()
 								cfg.Set("workingDir", dir)
-								conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Add(1), flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
+								conf, err := r.ConfigFromProvider(r.configVersionID.Load(), flagsToCfg(cd, cfg))
 								if err != nil {
 									return err
 								}
-								r.Println("Update module in", conf.configs.Base.WorkingDir)
 								client := conf.configs.ModulesClient
 								return client.Get(args...)

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ func (c *newCommand) newSiteNextStepsText(path string, format string) string {
 1. Change the current directory to ` + path + `.
 2. Create or install a theme:
   - Create a new theme with the command "hugo new theme <THEMENAME>"
-   - Or, install a theme from https://themes.gohugo.io/
+   - Install a theme from https://themes.gohugo.io/
 3. Edit hugo.` + format + `, setting the "theme" property to the theme name.
 4. Create new content with the command "hugo new content `)

@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/herrors"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugo"
-
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/urls"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs/files"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugolib/filesystems"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/livereload"
@@ -162,16 +162,16 @@ type dynamicEvents struct {

 type fileChangeDetector struct {
 	sync.Mutex
-	current map[string]uint64
-	prev    map[string]uint64
+	current map[string]string
+	prev    map[string]string

 	irrelevantRe *regexp.Regexp
 }

-func (f *fileChangeDetector) OnFileClose(name string, checksum uint64) {
+func (f *fileChangeDetector) OnFileClose(name, md5sum string) {
 	f.Lock()
 	defer f.Unlock()
-	f.current[name] = checksum
+	f.current[name] = md5sum
 }

 func (f *fileChangeDetector) PrepareNew() {
@@ -183,16 +183,16 @@ func (f *fileChangeDetector) PrepareNew() {
 	defer f.Unlock()

 	if f.current == nil {
-		f.current = make(map[string]uint64)
-		f.prev = make(map[string]uint64)
+		f.current = make(map[string]string)
+		f.prev = make(map[string]string)
 		return
 	}

-	f.prev = make(map[string]uint64)
+	f.prev = make(map[string]string)
 	for k, v := range f.current {
 		f.prev[k] = v
 	}
-	f.current = make(map[string]uint64)
+	f.current = make(map[string]string)
 }

 func (f *fileChangeDetector) changed() []string {
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ of a second, you will be able to save and see your changes nearly instantly.`
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.noHTTPCache, "noHTTPCache", false, "prevent HTTP caching")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&c.serverAppend, "appendPort", "", true, "append port to baseURL")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.disableLiveReload, "disableLiveReload", false, "watch without enabling live browser reload on rebuild")
-	cmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&c.navigateToChanged, "navigateToChanged", "N", false, "navigate to changed content file on live browser reload")
+	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.navigateToChanged, "navigateToChanged", false, "navigate to changed content file on live browser reload")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.renderStaticToDisk, "renderStaticToDisk", false, "serve static files from disk and dynamic files from memory")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.disableFastRender, "disableFastRender", false, "enables full re-renders on changes")
 	cmd.Flags().BoolVar(&c.disableBrowserError, "disableBrowserError", false, "do not show build errors in the browser")
@@ -1188,16 +1188,16 @@ func partitionDynamicEvents(sourceFs *filesystems.SourceFilesystems, events []fs
 	return
 }

-func pickOneWriteOrCreatePath(contentTypes config.ContentTypesProvider, events []fsnotify.Event) string {
+func pickOneWriteOrCreatePath(events []fsnotify.Event) string {
 	name := ""

 	for _, ev := range events {
 		if ev.Op&fsnotify.Write == fsnotify.Write || ev.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Create {
-			if contentTypes.IsIndexContentFile(ev.Name) {
+			if files.IsIndexContentFile(ev.Name) {
 				return ev.Name
 			}

-			if contentTypes.IsContentFile(ev.Name) {
+			if files.IsContentFile(ev.Name) {
 				name = ev.Name
 			}

@@ -65,16 +65,3 @@ func (s *Stack[T]) Drain() []T {
 	s.items = nil
 	return items
 }
-
-func (s *Stack[T]) DrainMatching(predicate func(T) bool) []T {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	var items []T
-	for i := len(s.items) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		if predicate(s.items[i]) {
-			items = append(items, s.items[i])
-			s.items = append(s.items[:i], s.items[i+1:]...)
-		}
-	}
-	return items
-}
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-// Package hashing provides common hashing utilities.
-package hashing
-
-import (
-	"crypto/md5"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"io"
-	"strconv"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hashstructure"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
-)
-
-// XXHashFromReader calculates the xxHash for the given reader.
-func XXHashFromReader(r io.Reader) (uint64, int64, error) {
-	h := getXxHashReadFrom()
-	defer putXxHashReadFrom(h)
-
-	size, err := io.Copy(h, r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, err
-	}
-	return h.Sum64(), size, nil
-}
-
-// XXHashFromString calculates the xxHash for the given string.
-func XXHashFromString(s string) (uint64, error) {
-	h := xxhash.New()
-	h.WriteString(s)
-	return h.Sum64(), nil
-}
-
-// XxHashFromStringHexEncoded calculates the xxHash for the given string
-// and returns the hash as a hex encoded string.
-func XxHashFromStringHexEncoded(f string) string {
-	h := xxhash.New()
-	h.WriteString(f)
-	hash := h.Sum(nil)
-	return hex.EncodeToString(hash)
-}
-
-// MD5FromStringHexEncoded returns the MD5 hash of the given string.
-func MD5FromStringHexEncoded(f string) string {
-	h := md5.New()
-	h.Write([]byte(f))
-	return hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
-}
-
-// HashString returns a hash from the given elements.
-// It will panic if the hash cannot be calculated.
-// Note that this hash should be used primarily for identity, not for change detection as
-// it in the more complex values (e.g. Page) will not hash the full content.
-func HashString(vs ...any) string {
-	hash := HashUint64(vs...)
-	return strconv.FormatUint(hash, 10)
-}
-
-var hashOptsPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() any {
-		return &hashstructure.HashOptions{
-			Hasher: xxhash.New(),
-		}
-	},
-}
-
-func getHashOpts() *hashstructure.HashOptions {
-	return hashOptsPool.Get().(*hashstructure.HashOptions)
-}
-
-func putHashOpts(opts *hashstructure.HashOptions) {
-	opts.Hasher.Reset()
-	hashOptsPool.Put(opts)
-}
-
-// HashUint64 returns a hash from the given elements.
-// It will panic if the hash cannot be calculated.
-// Note that this hash should be used primarily for identity, not for change detection as
-// it in the more complex values (e.g. Page) will not hash the full content.
-func HashUint64(vs ...any) uint64 {
-	var o any
-	if len(vs) == 1 {
-		o = toHashable(vs[0])
-	} else {
-		elements := make([]any, len(vs))
-		for i, e := range vs {
-			elements[i] = toHashable(e)
-		}
-		o = elements
-	}
-
-	hashOpts := getHashOpts()
-	defer putHashOpts(hashOpts)
-
-	hash, err := hashstructure.Hash(o, hashOpts)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return hash
-}
-
-type keyer interface {
-	Key() string
-}
-
-// For structs, hashstructure.Hash only works on the exported fields,
-// so rewrite the input slice for known identity types.
-func toHashable(v any) any {
-	switch t := v.(type) {
-	case keyer:
-		return t.Key()
-	case identity.IdentityProvider:
-		return t.GetIdentity()
-	default:
-		return v
-	}
-}
-
-type xxhashReadFrom struct {
-	buff []byte
-	*xxhash.Digest
-}
-
-func (x *xxhashReadFrom) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	for {
-		n, err := r.Read(x.buff)
-		if n > 0 {
-			x.Digest.Write(x.buff[:n])
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				err = nil
-			}
-			return int64(n), err
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-var xXhashReadFromPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() any {
-		return &xxhashReadFrom{Digest: xxhash.New(), buff: make([]byte, 48*1024)}
-	},
-}
-
-func getXxHashReadFrom() *xxhashReadFrom {
-	return xXhashReadFromPool.Get().(*xxhashReadFrom)
-}
-
-func putXxHashReadFrom(h *xxhashReadFrom) {
-	h.Reset()
-	xXhashReadFromPool.Put(h)
-}
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package hashing
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"math"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-
-	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
-)
-
-func TestXxHashFromReader(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-	s := "Hello World"
-	r := strings.NewReader(s)
-	got, size, err := XXHashFromReader(r)
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(size, qt.Equals, int64(len(s)))
-	c.Assert(got, qt.Equals, uint64(7148569436472236994))
-}
-
-func TestXxHashFromReaderPara(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-		i := i
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
-				s := strings.Repeat("Hello ", i+j+1*42)
-				r := strings.NewReader(s)
-				got, size, err := XXHashFromReader(r)
-				c.Assert(size, qt.Equals, int64(len(s)))
-				c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-				expect, _ := XXHashFromString(s)
-				c.Assert(got, qt.Equals, expect)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
-func TestXxHashFromString(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-	s := "Hello World"
-	got, err := XXHashFromString(s)
-	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	c.Assert(got, qt.Equals, uint64(7148569436472236994))
-}
-
-func TestXxHashFromStringHexEncoded(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-	s := "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
-	got := XxHashFromStringHexEncoded(s)
-	// Facit: https://asecuritysite.com/encryption/xxhash?val=The%20quick%20brown%20fox%20jumps%20over%20the%20lazy%20dog
-	c.Assert(got, qt.Equals, "0b242d361fda71bc")
-}
-
-func BenchmarkXXHashFromReader(b *testing.B) {
-	r := strings.NewReader("Hello World")
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		XXHashFromReader(r)
-		r.Seek(0, 0)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkXXHashFromString(b *testing.B) {
-	s := "Hello World"
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		XXHashFromString(s)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkXXHashFromStringHexEncoded(b *testing.B) {
-	s := "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		XxHashFromStringHexEncoded(s)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestHashString(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	c.Assert(HashString("a", "b"), qt.Equals, "3176555414984061461")
-	c.Assert(HashString("ab"), qt.Equals, "7347350983217793633")
-
-	var vals []any = []any{"a", "b", tstKeyer{"c"}}
-
-	c.Assert(HashString(vals...), qt.Equals, "4438730547989914315")
-	c.Assert(vals[2], qt.Equals, tstKeyer{"c"})
-}
-
-type tstKeyer struct {
-	key string
-}
-
-func (t tstKeyer) Key() string {
-	return t.key
-}
-
-func (t tstKeyer) String() string {
-	return "key: " + t.key
-}
-
-func BenchmarkHashString(b *testing.B) {
-	word := " hello "
-
-	var tests []string
-
-	for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
-		sentence := strings.Repeat(word, int(math.Pow(4, float64(i))))
-		tests = append(tests, sentence)
-	}
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n%d", len(test)), func(b *testing.B) {
-			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				HashString(test)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
@@ -68,20 +68,6 @@ func (e *TimeoutError) Is(target error) bool {
 	return ok
 }

-// errMessage wraps an error with a message.
-type errMessage struct {
-	msg string
-	err error
-}
-
-func (e *errMessage) Error() string {
-	return e.msg
-}
-
-func (e *errMessage) Unwrap() error {
-	return e.err
-}
-
 // IsFeatureNotAvailableError returns true if the given error is or contains a FeatureNotAvailableError.
 func IsFeatureNotAvailableError(err error) bool {
 	return errors.Is(err, &FeatureNotAvailableError{})
@@ -135,38 +121,19 @@ func IsNotExist(err error) bool {

 var nilPointerErrRe = regexp.MustCompile(`at <(.*)>: error calling (.*?): runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference`)

-const deferredPrefix = "__hdeferred/"
-
-var deferredStringToRemove = regexp.MustCompile(`executing "__hdeferred/.*" `)
-
-// ImproveRenderErr improves the error message for rendering errors.
-func ImproveRenderErr(inErr error) (outErr error) {
+func ImproveIfNilPointer(inErr error) (outErr error) {
 	outErr = inErr
-	msg := improveIfNilPointerMsg(inErr)
-	if msg != "" {
-		outErr = &errMessage{msg: msg, err: outErr}
-	}

-	if strings.Contains(inErr.Error(), deferredPrefix) {
-		msg := deferredStringToRemove.ReplaceAllString(inErr.Error(), "executing ")
-		outErr = &errMessage{msg: msg, err: outErr}
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func improveIfNilPointerMsg(inErr error) string {
 	m := nilPointerErrRe.FindStringSubmatch(inErr.Error())
 	if len(m) == 0 {
-		return ""
+		return
 	}
 	call := m[1]
 	field := m[2]
 	parts := strings.Split(call, ".")
-	if len(parts) < 2 {
-		return ""
-	}
 	receiverName := parts[len(parts)-2]
 	receiver := strings.Join(parts[:len(parts)-1], ".")
 	s := fmt.Sprintf("– %s is nil; wrap it in if or with: {{ with %s }}{{ .%s }}{{ end }}", receiverName, receiver, field)
-	return nilPointerErrRe.ReplaceAllString(inErr.Error(), s)
+	outErr = errors.New(nilPointerErrRe.ReplaceAllString(inErr.Error(), s))
+	return
 }
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"

 	"github.com/cli/safeexec"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
@@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ var WithEnviron = func(env []string) func(c *commandeer) {
 }

 // New creates a new Exec using the provided security config.
-func New(cfg security.Config, workingDir string) *Exec {
+func New(cfg security.Config) *Exec {
 	var baseEnviron []string
 	for _, v := range os.Environ() {
 		k, _ := config.SplitEnvVar(v)
@@ -97,7 +95,6 @@ func New(cfg security.Config, workingDir string) *Exec {

 	return &Exec{
 		sc:          cfg,
-		workingDir:  workingDir,
 		baseEnviron: baseEnviron,
 	}
 }
@@ -122,23 +119,15 @@ func SafeCommand(name string, arg ...string) (*exec.Cmd, error) {

 // Exec enforces a security policy for commands run via os/exec.
 type Exec struct {
-	sc         security.Config
-	workingDir string
+	sc security.Config

 	// os.Environ filtered by the Exec.OsEnviron whitelist filter.
 	baseEnviron []string
-
-	npxInit      sync.Once
-	npxAvailable bool
-}
-
-func (e *Exec) New(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
-	return e.new(name, "", arg...)
 }

 // New will fail if name is not allowed according to the configured security policy.
 // Else a configured Runner will be returned ready to be Run.
-func (e *Exec) new(name string, fullyQualifiedName string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
+func (e *Exec) New(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
 	if err := e.sc.CheckAllowedExec(name); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -147,51 +136,17 @@ func (e *Exec) new(name string, fullyQualifiedName string, arg ...any) (Runner,
 	copy(env, e.baseEnviron)

 	cm := &commandeer{
-		name:               name,
-		fullyQualifiedName: fullyQualifiedName,
-		env:                env,
+		name: name,
+		env:  env,
 	}

 	return cm.command(arg...)
 }

-// Npx will in order:
-// 1. Try fo find the binary in the WORKINGDIR/node_modules/.bin directory.
-// 2. If not found, and npx is available, run npx --no-install <name> <args>.
-// 3. Fall back to the PATH.
+// Npx is a convenience method to create a Runner running npx --no-install <name> <args.
 func (e *Exec) Npx(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
-	// npx is slow, so first try the common case.
-	nodeBinFilename := filepath.Join(e.workingDir, nodeModulesBinPath, name)
-	_, err := safeexec.LookPath(nodeBinFilename)
-	if err == nil {
-		return e.new(name, nodeBinFilename, arg...)
-	}
-	e.checkNpx()
-	if e.npxAvailable {
-		r, err := e.npx(name, arg...)
-		if err == nil {
-			return r, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return e.New(name, arg...)
-}
-
-const (
-	npxNoInstall       = "--no-install"
-	npxBinary          = "npx"
-	nodeModulesBinPath = "node_modules/.bin"
-)
-
-func (e *Exec) checkNpx() {
-	e.npxInit.Do(func() {
-		e.npxAvailable = InPath(npxBinary)
-	})
-}
-
-// npx is a convenience method to create a Runner running npx --no-install <name> <args.
-func (e *Exec) npx(name string, arg ...any) (Runner, error) {
-	arg = append(arg[:0], append([]any{npxNoInstall, name}, arg[0:]...)...)
-	return e.New(npxBinary, arg...)
+	arg = append(arg[:0], append([]any{"--no-install", name}, arg[0:]...)...)
+	return e.New("npx", arg...)
 }

 // Sec returns the security policies this Exec is configured with.
@@ -200,12 +155,11 @@ func (e *Exec) Sec() security.Config {
 }

 type NotFoundError struct {
-	name   string
-	method string
+	name string
 }

 func (e *NotFoundError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("binary with name %q not found %s", e.name, e.method)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("binary with name %q not found", e.name)
 }

 // Runner wraps a *os.Cmd.
@@ -228,14 +182,8 @@ func (c *cmdWrapper) Run() error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	name := c.name
-	method := "in PATH"
-	if name == npxBinary {
-		name = c.c.Args[2]
-		method = "using npx"
-	}
 	if notFoundRe.MatchString(c.outerr.String()) {
-		return &NotFoundError{name: name, method: method}
+		return &NotFoundError{name: c.name}
 	}
 	return fmt.Errorf("failed to execute binary %q with args %v: %s", c.name, c.c.Args[1:], c.outerr.String())
 }
@@ -251,9 +199,8 @@ type commandeer struct {
 	dir    string
 	ctx    context.Context

-	name               string
-	fullyQualifiedName string
-	env                []string
+	name string
+	env  []string
 }

 func (c *commandeer) command(arg ...any) (*cmdWrapper, error) {
@@ -273,17 +220,10 @@ func (c *commandeer) command(arg ...any) (*cmdWrapper, error) {
 		}
 	}

-	var bin string
-	if c.fullyQualifiedName != "" {
-		bin = c.fullyQualifiedName
-	} else {
-		var err error
-		bin, err = safeexec.LookPath(c.name)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, &NotFoundError{
-				name:   c.name,
-				method: "in PATH",
-			}
+	bin, err := safeexec.LookPath(c.name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, &NotFoundError{
+			name: c.name,
 		}
 	}

@@ -268,8 +268,7 @@ func IsContextType(tp reflect.Type) bool {
 		return true
 	}

-	isContext, _ := isContextCache.GetOrCreate(tp, func() (bool, error) {
-		return tp.Implements(contextInterface), nil
+	return isContextCache.GetOrCreate(tp, func() bool {
+		return tp.Implements(contextInterface)
 	})
-	return isContext
 }
@@ -123,20 +123,6 @@ func InSlicEqualFold(arr []string, el string) bool {
 	return false
 }

-// ToString converts the given value to a string.
-// Note that this is a more strict version compared to cast.ToString,
-// as it will not try to convert numeric values to strings,
-// but only accept strings or fmt.Stringer.
-func ToString(v any) (string, bool) {
-	switch vv := v.(type) {
-	case string:
-		return vv, true
-	case fmt.Stringer:
-		return vv.String(), true
-	}
-	return "", false
-}
-
 type Tuple struct {
 	First  string
 	Second string
@@ -17,35 +17,24 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 )

-// HasBytesWriter is a writer will match against a slice of patterns.
+// HasBytesWriter is a writer that will set Match to true if the given pattern
+// is found in the stream.
 type HasBytesWriter struct {
-	Patterns []*HasBytesPattern
+	Match   bool
+	Pattern []byte

 	i    int
 	done bool
 	buff []byte
 }

-type HasBytesPattern struct {
-	Match   bool
-	Pattern []byte
-}
-
-func (h *HasBytesWriter) patternLen() int {
-	l := 0
-	for _, p := range h.Patterns {
-		l += len(p.Pattern)
-	}
-	return l
-}
-
 func (h *HasBytesWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	if h.done {
 		return len(p), nil
 	}

 	if len(h.buff) == 0 {
-		h.buff = make([]byte, h.patternLen()*2)
+		h.buff = make([]byte, len(h.Pattern)*2)
 	}

 	for i := range p {
@@ -57,23 +46,11 @@ func (h *HasBytesWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 			h.i = len(h.buff) / 2
 		}

-		for _, pp := range h.Patterns {
-			if bytes.Contains(h.buff, pp.Pattern) {
-				pp.Match = true
-				done := true
-				for _, ppp := range h.Patterns {
-					if !ppp.Match {
-						done = false
-						break
-					}
-				}
-				if done {
-					h.done = true
-				}
-				return len(p), nil
-			}
+		if bytes.Contains(h.buff, h.Pattern) {
+			h.Match = true
+			h.done = true
+			return len(p), nil
 		}
-
 	}

 	return len(p), nil
@@ -34,11 +34,8 @@ func TestHasBytesWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		var b bytes.Buffer

 		h := &HasBytesWriter{
-			Patterns: []*HasBytesPattern{
-				{Pattern: []byte("__foo")},
-			},
+			Pattern: []byte("__foo"),
 		}
-
 		return h, io.MultiWriter(&b, h)
 	}

@@ -49,19 +46,19 @@ func TestHasBytesWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < 22; i++ {
 		h, w := neww()
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __foobar"+rndStr())
-		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, true)
+		c.Assert(h.Match, qt.Equals, true)

 		h, w = neww()
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __f")
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "oo bar"+rndStr())
-		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, true)
+		c.Assert(h.Match, qt.Equals, true)

 		h, w = neww()
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, rndStr()+"abc __moo bar")
-		c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, false)
+		c.Assert(h.Match, qt.Equals, false)
 	}

 	h, w := neww()
 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "__foo")
-	c.Assert(h.Patterns[0].Match, qt.Equals, true)
+	c.Assert(h.Match, qt.Equals, true)
 }
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ package hugo
 // This should be the only one.
 var CurrentVersion = Version{
 	Major:      0,
-	Minor:      132,
+	Minor:      125,
 	PatchLevel: 0,
 	Suffix:     "-DEV",
 }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"

 	"github.com/bep/logg"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hashing"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 )

 // PanicOnWarningHook panics on warnings.
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (h *logOnceHandler) HandleLog(e *logg.Entry) error {
 	}
 	h.mu.Lock()
 	defer h.mu.Unlock()
-	hash := hashing.HashUint64(e.Level, e.Message, e.Fields)
+	hash := identity.HashUint64(e.Level, e.Message, e.Fields)
 	if h.seen[hash] {
 		return errStop
 	}
@@ -323,13 +323,11 @@ func (l *logAdapter) Errors() string {
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Erroridf(id, format string, v ...any) {
-	id = strings.ToLower(id)
 	format += l.idfInfoStatement("error", id, format)
 	l.errorl.WithField(FieldNameStatementID, id).Logf(format, v...)
 }

 func (l *logAdapter) Warnidf(id, format string, v ...any) {
-	id = strings.ToLower(id)
 	format += l.idfInfoStatement("warning", id, format)
 	l.warnl.WithField(FieldNameStatementID, id).Logf(format, v...)
 }
@@ -27,12 +27,7 @@ func NewCache[K comparable, T any]() *Cache[K, T] {
 }

 // Delete deletes the given key from the cache.
-// If c is nil, this method is a no-op.
 func (c *Cache[K, T]) Get(key K) (T, bool) {
-	if c == nil {
-		var zero T
-		return zero, false
-	}
 	c.RLock()
 	v, found := c.m[key]
 	c.RUnlock()
@@ -40,25 +35,22 @@ func (c *Cache[K, T]) Get(key K) (T, bool) {
 }

 // GetOrCreate gets the value for the given key if it exists, or creates it if not.
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) GetOrCreate(key K, create func() (T, error)) (T, error) {
+func (c *Cache[K, T]) GetOrCreate(key K, create func() T) T {
 	c.RLock()
 	v, found := c.m[key]
 	c.RUnlock()
 	if found {
-		return v, nil
+		return v
 	}
 	c.Lock()
 	defer c.Unlock()
 	v, found = c.m[key]
 	if found {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-	v, err := create()
-	if err != nil {
-		return v, err
+		return v
 	}
+	v = create()
 	c.m[key] = v
-	return v, nil
+	return v
 }

 // Set sets the given key to the given value.
@@ -68,35 +60,6 @@ func (c *Cache[K, T]) Set(key K, value T) {
 	c.Unlock()
 }

-// ForEeach calls the given function for each key/value pair in the cache.
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) ForEeach(f func(K, T)) {
-	c.RLock()
-	defer c.RUnlock()
-	for k, v := range c.m {
-		f(k, v)
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) Drain() map[K]T {
-	c.Lock()
-	m := c.m
-	c.m = make(map[K]T)
-	c.Unlock()
-	return m
-}
-
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) Len() int {
-	c.RLock()
-	defer c.RUnlock()
-	return len(c.m)
-}
-
-func (c *Cache[K, T]) Reset() {
-	c.Lock()
-	c.m = make(map[K]T)
-	c.Unlock()
-}
-
 // SliceCache is a simple thread safe cache backed by a map.
 type SliceCache[T any] struct {
 	m map[string][]T
@@ -112,17 +112,17 @@ func ToSliceStringMap(in any) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 }

 // LookupEqualFold finds key in m with case insensitive equality checks.
-func LookupEqualFold[T any | string](m map[string]T, key string) (T, string, bool) {
+func LookupEqualFold[T any | string](m map[string]T, key string) (T, bool) {
 	if v, found := m[key]; found {
-		return v, key, true
+		return v, true
 	}
 	for k, v := range m {
 		if strings.EqualFold(k, key) {
-			return v, k, true
+			return v, true
 		}
 	}
 	var s T
-	return s, "", false
+	return s, false
 }

 // MergeShallow merges src into dst, but only if the key does not already exist in dst.
@@ -180,18 +180,16 @@ func TestLookupEqualFold(t *testing.T) {
 		"B": "bv",
 	}

-	v, k, found := LookupEqualFold(m1, "b")
+	v, found := LookupEqualFold(m1, "b")
 	c.Assert(found, qt.IsTrue)
 	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, "bv")
-	c.Assert(k, qt.Equals, "B")

 	m2 := map[string]string{
 		"a": "av",
 		"B": "bv",
 	}

-	v, k, found = LookupEqualFold(m2, "b")
+	v, found = LookupEqualFold(m2, "b")
 	c.Assert(found, qt.IsTrue)
-	c.Assert(k, qt.Equals, "B")
 	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, "bv")
 }
@@ -237,17 +237,12 @@ func prettifyPath(in string, b filepathPathBridge) string {
 	return b.Join(b.Dir(in), name, "index"+ext)
 }

-// CommonDirPath returns the common directory of the given paths.
-func CommonDirPath(path1, path2 string) string {
+// CommonDir returns the common directory of the given paths.
+func CommonDir(path1, path2 string) string {
 	if path1 == "" || path2 == "" {
 		return ""
 	}

-	hadLeadingSlash := strings.HasPrefix(path1, "/") || strings.HasPrefix(path2, "/")
-
-	path1 = TrimLeading(path1)
-	path2 = TrimLeading(path2)
-
 	p1 := strings.Split(path1, "/")
 	p2 := strings.Split(path2, "/")

@@ -261,13 +256,7 @@ func CommonDirPath(path1, path2 string) string {
 		}
 	}

-	s := strings.Join(common, "/")
-
-	if hadLeadingSlash && s != "" {
-		s = "/" + s
-	}
-
-	return s
+	return strings.Join(common, "/")
 }

 // Sanitize sanitizes string to be used in Hugo's file paths and URLs, allowing only
@@ -395,27 +384,12 @@ func PathEscape(pth string) string {

 // ToSlashTrimLeading is just a filepath.ToSlash with an added / prefix trimmer.
 func ToSlashTrimLeading(s string) string {
-	return TrimLeading(filepath.ToSlash(s))
-}
-
-// TrimLeading trims the leading slash from the given string.
-func TrimLeading(s string) string {
-	return strings.TrimPrefix(s, "/")
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
 }

 // ToSlashTrimTrailing is just a filepath.ToSlash with an added / suffix trimmer.
 func ToSlashTrimTrailing(s string) string {
-	return TrimTrailing(filepath.ToSlash(s))
-}
-
-// TrimTrailing trims the trailing slash from the given string.
-func TrimTrailing(s string) string {
-	return strings.TrimSuffix(s, "/")
-}
-
-// ToSlashTrim trims any leading and trailing slashes from the given string and converts it to a forward slash separated path.
-func ToSlashTrim(s string) string {
-	return strings.Trim(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
 }

 // ToSlashPreserveLeading converts the path given to a forward slash separated path
@@ -423,8 +397,3 @@ func ToSlashTrim(s string) string {
 func ToSlashPreserveLeading(s string) string {
 	return "/" + strings.Trim(filepath.ToSlash(s), "/")
 }
-
-// IsSameFilePath checks if s1 and s2 are the same file path.
-func IsSameFilePath(s1, s2 string) bool {
-	return path.Clean(ToSlashTrim(s1)) == path.Clean(ToSlashTrim(s2))
-}
@@ -262,52 +262,3 @@ func TestFieldsSlash(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(FieldsSlash("/"), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
 	c.Assert(FieldsSlash(""), qt.DeepEquals, []string{})
 }
-
-func TestCommonDirPath(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	for _, this := range []struct {
-		a, b, expected string
-	}{
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/d", "/a/b"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "a/b/d", "/a/b"},
-		{"a/b/c", "/a/b/d", "/a/b"},
-		{"a/b/c", "a/b/d", "a/b"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c", "/a/b/c"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/d", "/a/b/c"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b", "/a/b"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a", "/a"},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/d/e/f", ""},
-	} {
-		c.Assert(CommonDirPath(this.a, this.b), qt.Equals, this.expected, qt.Commentf("a: %s b: %s", this.a, this.b))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIsSameFilePath(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	for _, this := range []struct {
-		a, b     string
-		expected bool
-	}{
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/d", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/d", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/cd", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/cc", false},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c//", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/.", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/./", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/./.", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/././", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/././.", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/./././", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/./././.", true},
-		{"/a/b/c", "/a/b/c/././././", true},
-	} {
-		c.Assert(IsSameFilePath(filepath.FromSlash(this.a), filepath.FromSlash(this.b)), qt.Equals, this.expected, qt.Commentf("a: %s b: %s", this.a, this.b))
-	}
-}
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 )

+var defaultPathParser PathParser
+
 // PathParser parses a path into a Path.
 type PathParser struct {
 	// Maps the language code to its index in the languages/sites slice.
@@ -32,9 +34,11 @@ type PathParser struct {

 	// Reports whether the given language is disabled.
 	IsLangDisabled func(string) bool
+}

-	// Reports whether the given ext is a content file.
-	IsContentExt func(string) bool
+// Parse parses component c with path s into Path using the default path parser.
+func Parse(c, s string) *Path {
+	return defaultPathParser.Parse(c, s)
 }

 // NormalizePathString returns a normalized path string using the very basic Hugo rules.
@@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ func (pp *PathParser) parse(component, s string) (*Path, error) {
 		var err error
 		// Preserve the original case for titles etc.
 		p.unnormalized, err = pp.doParse(component, s, pp.newPath(component))
+
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -190,26 +195,23 @@ func (pp *PathParser) doParse(component, s string, p *Path) (*Path, error) {
 		}
 	}

-	if len(p.identifiers) > 0 {
-		isContentComponent := p.component == files.ComponentFolderContent || p.component == files.ComponentFolderArchetypes
-		isContent := isContentComponent && pp.IsContentExt(p.Ext())
+	isContentComponent := p.component == files.ComponentFolderContent || p.component == files.ComponentFolderArchetypes
+	isContent := isContentComponent && files.IsContentExt(p.Ext())
+
+	if isContent {
 		id := p.identifiers[len(p.identifiers)-1]
 		b := p.s[p.posContainerHigh : id.Low-1]
-		if isContent {
-			switch b {
-			case "index":
-				p.bundleType = PathTypeLeaf
-			case "_index":
-				p.bundleType = PathTypeBranch
-			default:
-				p.bundleType = PathTypeContentSingle
-			}
+		switch b {
+		case "index":
+			p.bundleType = PathTypeLeaf
+		case "_index":
+			p.bundleType = PathTypeBranch
+		default:
+			p.bundleType = PathTypeContentSingle
+		}

-			if slashCount == 2 && p.IsLeafBundle() {
-				p.posSectionHigh = 0
-			}
-		} else if b == files.NameContentData && files.IsContentDataExt(p.Ext()) {
-			p.bundleType = PathTypeContentData
+		if slashCount == 2 && p.IsLeafBundle() {
+			p.posSectionHigh = 0
 		}
 	}

@@ -244,9 +246,6 @@ const (

 	// Branch bundles, e.g. /blog/_index.md
 	PathTypeBranch
-
-	// Content data file, _content.gotmpl.
-	PathTypeContentData
 )

 type Path struct {
@@ -522,6 +521,10 @@ func (p *Path) Identifiers() []string {
 	return ids
 }

+func (p *Path) IsHTML() bool {
+	return files.IsHTML(p.Ext())
+}
+
 func (p *Path) BundleType() PathType {
 	return p.bundleType
 }
@@ -538,10 +541,6 @@ func (p *Path) IsLeafBundle() bool {
 	return p.bundleType == PathTypeLeaf
 }

-func (p *Path) IsContentData() bool {
-	return p.bundleType == PathTypeContentData
-}
-
 func (p Path) ForBundleType(t PathType) *Path {
 	p.bundleType = t
 	return &p
@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@ var testParser = &PathParser{
 		"no": 0,
 		"en": 1,
 	},
-	IsContentExt: func(ext string) bool {
-		return ext == "md"
-	},
 }

 func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
@@ -336,22 +333,6 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 				c.Assert(p.Path(), qt.Equals, "/a/b/c.txt")
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			"Content data file gotmpl",
-			"/a/b/_content.gotmpl",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.Path(), qt.Equals, "/a/b/_content.gotmpl")
-				c.Assert(p.Ext(), qt.Equals, "gotmpl")
-				c.Assert(p.IsContentData(), qt.IsTrue)
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			"Content data file yaml",
-			"/a/b/_content.yaml",
-			func(c *qt.C, p *Path) {
-				c.Assert(p.IsContentData(), qt.IsFalse)
-			},
-		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		c.Run(test.name, func(c *qt.C) {
@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ func (p P[T]) And(ps ...P[T]) P[T] {
 				return false
 			}
 		}
-		if p == nil {
-			return true
-		}
 		return p(v)
 	}
 }
@@ -39,9 +36,6 @@ func (p P[T]) Or(ps ...P[T]) P[T] {
 				return true
 			}
 		}
-		if p == nil {
-			return false
-		}
 		return p(v)
 	}
 }
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package tasks
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// RunEvery runs a function at intervals defined by the function itself.
-// Functions can be added and removed while running.
-type RunEvery struct {
-	// Any error returned from the function will be passed to this function.
-	HandleError func(string, error)
-
-	// If set, the function will be run immediately.
-	RunImmediately bool
-
-	// The named functions to run.
-	funcs map[string]*Func
-
-	mu      sync.Mutex
-	started bool
-	closed  bool
-	quit    chan struct{}
-}
-
-type Func struct {
-	// The shortest interval between each run.
-	IntervalLow time.Duration
-
-	// The longest interval between each run.
-	IntervalHigh time.Duration
-
-	// The function to run.
-	F func(interval time.Duration) (time.Duration, error)
-
-	interval time.Duration
-	last     time.Time
-}
-
-func (r *RunEvery) Start() error {
-	if r.started {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	r.started = true
-	r.quit = make(chan struct{})
-
-	go func() {
-		if r.RunImmediately {
-			r.run()
-		}
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(500 * time.Millisecond)
-		defer ticker.Stop()
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-r.quit:
-				return
-			case <-ticker.C:
-				r.run()
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Close stops the RunEvery from running.
-func (r *RunEvery) Close() error {
-	if r.closed {
-		return nil
-	}
-	r.closed = true
-	if r.quit != nil {
-		close(r.quit)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Add adds a function to the RunEvery.
-func (r *RunEvery) Add(name string, f Func) {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	if r.funcs == nil {
-		r.funcs = make(map[string]*Func)
-	}
-	if f.IntervalLow == 0 {
-		f.IntervalLow = 500 * time.Millisecond
-	}
-	if f.IntervalHigh <= f.IntervalLow {
-		f.IntervalHigh = 20 * time.Second
-	}
-
-	start := f.IntervalHigh / 3
-	if start < f.IntervalLow {
-		start = f.IntervalLow
-	}
-	f.interval = start
-	f.last = time.Now()
-
-	r.funcs[name] = &f
-}
-
-// Remove removes a function from the RunEvery.
-func (r *RunEvery) Remove(name string) {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	delete(r.funcs, name)
-}
-
-// Has returns whether the RunEvery has a function with the given name.
-func (r *RunEvery) Has(name string) bool {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	_, found := r.funcs[name]
-	return found
-}
-
-func (r *RunEvery) run() {
-	r.mu.Lock()
-	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	for name, f := range r.funcs {
-		if time.Now().Before(f.last.Add(f.interval)) {
-			continue
-		}
-		f.last = time.Now()
-		interval, err := f.F(f.interval)
-		if err != nil && r.HandleError != nil {
-			r.HandleError(name, err)
-		}
-
-		if interval < f.IntervalLow {
-			interval = f.IntervalLow
-		}
-
-		if interval > f.IntervalHigh {
-			interval = f.IntervalHigh
-		}
-		f.interval = interval
-	}
-}
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Hugo Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package types
-
-import "sync"
-
-type Closer interface {
-	Close() error
-}
-
-type CloseAdder interface {
-	Add(Closer)
-}
-
-type Closers struct {
-	mu sync.Mutex
-	cs []Closer
-}
-
-func (cs *Closers) Add(c Closer) {
-	cs.mu.Lock()
-	defer cs.mu.Unlock()
-	cs.cs = append(cs.cs, c)
-}
-
-func (cs *Closers) Close() error {
-	cs.mu.Lock()
-	defer cs.mu.Unlock()
-	for _, c := range cs.cs {
-		c.Close()
-	}
-
-	cs.cs = cs.cs[:0]
-
-	return nil
-}
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/cache/filecache"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/cache/httpcache"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hugo"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
@@ -120,10 +119,6 @@ type Config struct {
 	// <docsmeta>{"identifiers": ["caches"] }</docsmeta>
 	Caches filecache.Configs `mapstructure:"-"`

-	// The httpcache configuration section contains HTTP-cache-related configuration options.
-	// <docsmeta>{"identifiers": ["httpcache"] }</docsmeta>
-	HTTPCache httpcache.Config `mapstructure:"-"`
-
 	// The markup configuration section contains markup-related configuration options.
 	// <docsmeta>{"identifiers": ["markup"] }</docsmeta>
 	Markup markup_config.Config `mapstructure:"-"`
@@ -179,9 +174,6 @@ type Config struct {
 	// Server configuration.
 	Server config.Server `mapstructure:"-"`

-	// Pagination configuration.
-	Pagination config.Pagination `mapstructure:"-"`
-
 	// Privacy configuration.
 	Privacy privacy.Config `mapstructure:"-"`

@@ -315,13 +307,9 @@ func (c *Config) CompileConfig(logger loggers.Logger) error {
 		}
 	}

-	for i, s := range c.IgnoreLogs {
-		c.IgnoreLogs[i] = strings.ToLower(s)
-	}
-
 	ignoredLogIDs := make(map[string]bool)
 	for _, err := range c.IgnoreLogs {
-		ignoredLogIDs[err] = true
+		ignoredLogIDs[strings.ToLower(err)] = true
 	}

 	baseURL, err := urls.NewBaseURLFromString(c.BaseURL)
@@ -371,22 +359,6 @@ func (c *Config) CompileConfig(logger loggers.Logger) error {
 		}
 	}

-	httpCache, err := c.HTTPCache.Compile()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Legacy paginate values.
-	if c.Paginate != 0 {
-		hugo.Deprecate("site config key paginate", "Use paginator.pagerSize instead.", "v0.128.0")
-		c.Pagination.PagerSize = c.Paginate
-	}
-
-	if c.PaginatePath != "" {
-		hugo.Deprecate("site config key paginatePath", "Use paginator.path instead.", "v0.128.0")
-		c.Pagination.Path = c.PaginatePath
-	}
-
 	c.C = &ConfigCompiled{
 		Timeout:           timeout,
 		BaseURL:           baseURL,
@@ -395,14 +367,12 @@ func (c *Config) CompileConfig(logger loggers.Logger) error {
 		DisabledLanguages: disabledLangs,
 		IgnoredLogs:       ignoredLogIDs,
 		KindOutputFormats: kindOutputFormats,
-		ContentTypes:      media.DefaultContentTypes.FromTypes(c.MediaTypes.Config),
 		CreateTitle:       helpers.GetTitleFunc(c.TitleCaseStyle),
 		IsUglyURLSection:  isUglyURL,
 		IgnoreFile:        ignoreFile,
 		SegmentFilter:     c.Segments.Config.Get(func(s string) { logger.Warnf("Render segment %q not found in configuration", s) }, c.RootConfig.RenderSegments...),
 		MainSections:      c.MainSections,
 		Clock:             clock,
-		HTTPCache:         httpCache,
 		transientErr:      transientErr,
 	}

@@ -432,7 +402,6 @@ type ConfigCompiled struct {
 	BaseURLLiveReload urls.BaseURL
 	ServerInterface   string
 	KindOutputFormats map[string]output.Formats
-	ContentTypes      media.ContentTypes
 	DisabledKinds     map[string]bool
 	DisabledLanguages map[string]bool
 	IgnoredLogs       map[string]bool
@@ -442,7 +411,6 @@ type ConfigCompiled struct {
 	SegmentFilter     segments.SegmentFilter
 	MainSections      []string
 	Clock             time.Time
-	HTTPCache         httpcache.ConfigCompiled

 	// This is set to the last transient error found during config compilation.
 	// With themes/modules we compute the configuration in multiple passes, and
@@ -575,11 +543,9 @@ type RootConfig struct {
 	HasCJKLanguage bool

 	// The default number of pages per page when paginating.
-	// Deprecated: Use the Pagination struct.
 	Paginate int

 	// The path to use when creating pagination URLs, e.g. "page" in /page/2/.
-	// Deprecated: Use the Pagination struct.
 	PaginatePath string

 	// Whether to pluralize default list titles.
@@ -793,7 +759,7 @@ func (c *Configs) Init() error {
 	c.Languages = languages
 	c.LanguagesDefaultFirst = languagesDefaultFirst

-	c.ContentPathParser = &paths.PathParser{LanguageIndex: languagesDefaultFirst.AsIndexSet(), IsLangDisabled: c.Base.IsLangDisabled, IsContentExt: c.Base.C.ContentTypes.IsContentSuffix}
+	c.ContentPathParser = &paths.PathParser{LanguageIndex: languagesDefaultFirst.AsIndexSet(), IsLangDisabled: c.Base.IsLangDisabled}

 	c.configLangs = make([]config.AllProvider, len(c.Languages))
 	for i, l := range c.LanguagesDefaultFirst {
@@ -84,103 +84,3 @@ logPathWarnings = true
 	b.Assert(conf.PrintI18nWarnings, qt.Equals, true)
 	b.Assert(conf.PrintPathWarnings, qt.Equals, true)
 }
-
-func TestRedefineContentTypes(t *testing.T) {
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
-baseURL = "https://example.com"
-[mediaTypes]
-[mediaTypes."text/html"]
-suffixes = ["html", "xhtml"]
-`
-
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	conf := b.H.Configs.Base
-	contentTypes := conf.C.ContentTypes
-
-	b.Assert(contentTypes.HTML.Suffixes(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"html", "xhtml"})
-	b.Assert(contentTypes.Markdown.Suffixes(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"md", "mdown", "markdown"})
-}
-
-func TestPaginationConfigOld(t *testing.T) {
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
- [languages.en]
- weight = 1
- paginatePath = "page-en"
- 
- [languages.de]
- weight = 2
- paginatePath = "page-de"
- paginate = 20
-`
-
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	confEn := b.H.Sites[0].Conf.Pagination()
-	confDe := b.H.Sites[1].Conf.Pagination()
-
-	b.Assert(confEn.Path, qt.Equals, "page-en")
-	b.Assert(confEn.PagerSize, qt.Equals, 10)
-	b.Assert(confDe.Path, qt.Equals, "page-de")
-	b.Assert(confDe.PagerSize, qt.Equals, 20)
-}
-
-func TestPaginationConfigNew(t *testing.T) {
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
- [languages.en]
- weight = 1
- [languages.en.pagination]
- pagerSize = 20
- [languages.de]
- weight = 2
- [languages.de.pagination]
- path = "page-de"
-
-`
-
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	confEn := b.H.Sites[0].Conf.Pagination()
-	confDe := b.H.Sites[1].Conf.Pagination()
-
-	b.Assert(confEn.Path, qt.Equals, "page")
-	b.Assert(confEn.PagerSize, qt.Equals, 20)
-	b.Assert(confDe.Path, qt.Equals, "page-de")
-	b.Assert(confDe.PagerSize, qt.Equals, 10)
-}
-
-func TestPaginationConfigDisableAliases(t *testing.T) {
-	files := `
-- hugo.toml --
-disableKinds = ["taxonomy", "term"]
-[pagination]
-disableAliases = true
-pagerSize = 2
-- layouts/_default/list.html --
-{{ $paginator := .Paginate  site.RegularPages }}
-{{ template "_internal/pagination.html" . }}
-{{ range $paginator.Pages }}
-  {{ .Title }}
-{{ end }}
-- content/p1.md --
---
-title: "p1"
---
-- content/p2.md --
---
-title: "p2"
---
-- content/p3.md --
---
-title: "p3"
---
-`
-
-	b := hugolib.Test(t, files)
-
-	b.AssertFileExists("public/page/1/index.html", false)
-	b.AssertFileContent("public/page/2/index.html", "pagination-default")
-}
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/cache/filecache"
-
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/cache/httpcache"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
@@ -98,18 +96,6 @@ var allDecoderSetups = map[string]decodeWeight{
 			return err
 		},
 	},
-	"httpcache": {
-		key: "httpcache",
-		decode: func(d decodeWeight, p decodeConfig) error {
-			var err error
-			p.c.HTTPCache, err = httpcache.DecodeConfig(p.bcfg, p.p.GetStringMap(d.key))
-			if p.c.IgnoreCache {
-				p.c.HTTPCache.Cache.For.Excludes = []string{"**"}
-				p.c.HTTPCache.Cache.For.Includes = []string{}
-			}
-			return err
-		},
-	},
 	"build": {
 		key: "build",
 		decode: func(d decodeWeight, p decodeConfig) error {
@@ -327,22 +313,6 @@ var allDecoderSetups = map[string]decodeWeight{
 			return err
 		},
 	},
-	"pagination": {
-		key: "pagination",
-		decode: func(d decodeWeight, p decodeConfig) error {
-			p.c.Pagination = config.Pagination{
-				PagerSize: 10,
-				Path:      "page",
-			}
-			if p.p.IsSet(d.key) {
-				if err := mapstructure.WeakDecode(p.p.Get(d.key), &p.c.Pagination); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-
-			return nil
-		},
-	},
 	"privacy": {
 		key: "privacy",
 		decode: func(d decodeWeight, p decodeConfig) error {
@@ -71,9 +71,6 @@ func (c ConfigLanguage) Environment() string {
 }

 func (c ConfigLanguage) IsMultihost() bool {
-	if len(c.m.Languages)-len(c.config.C.DisabledLanguages) <= 1 {
-		return false
-	}
 	return c.m.IsMultihost
 }

@@ -144,10 +141,6 @@ func (c ConfigLanguage) NewIdentityManager(name string) identity.Manager {
 	return identity.NewManager(name)
 }

-func (c ConfigLanguage) ContentTypes() config.ContentTypesProvider {
-	return c.config.C.ContentTypes
-}
-
 // GetConfigSection is mostly used in tests. The switch statement isn't complete, but what's in use.
 func (c ConfigLanguage) GetConfigSection(s string) any {
 	switch s {
@@ -173,8 +166,6 @@ func (c ConfigLanguage) GetConfigSection(s string) any {
 		return c.m.Modules
 	case "deployment":
 		return c.config.Deployment
-	case "httpCacheCompiled":
-		return c.config.C.HTTPCache
 	default:
 		panic("not implemented: " + s)
 	}
@@ -248,8 +239,12 @@ func (c ConfigLanguage) CreateTitle(s string) string {
 	return c.config.C.CreateTitle(s)
 }

-func (c ConfigLanguage) Pagination() config.Pagination {
-	return c.config.Pagination
+func (c ConfigLanguage) Paginate() int {
+	return c.config.Paginate
+}
+
+func (c ConfigLanguage) PaginatePath() string {
+	return c.config.PaginatePath
 }

 func (c ConfigLanguage) StaticDirs() []string {
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ func (l configLoader) applyDefaultConfig() error {
 		"footnoteAnchorPrefix":                 "",
 		"footnoteReturnLinkContents":           "",
 		"newContentEditor":                     "",
-		"paginate":                             0,  // Moved into the paginator struct in Hugo v0.128.0.
-		"paginatePath":                         "", // Moved into the paginator struct in Hugo v0.128.0.
+		"paginate":                             10,
+		"paginatePath":                         "page",
 		"summaryLength":                        70,
 		"rssLimit":                             -1,
 		"sectionPagesMenu":                     "",
@@ -458,7 +458,6 @@ func (l *configLoader) loadModules(configs *Configs) (modules.ModulesConfig, *mo
 	conf := configs.Base
 	workingDir := bcfg.WorkingDir
 	themesDir := bcfg.ThemesDir
-	publishDir := bcfg.PublishDir

 	cfg := configs.LoadingInfo.Cfg

@@ -467,7 +466,7 @@ func (l *configLoader) loadModules(configs *Configs) (modules.ModulesConfig, *mo
 		ignoreVendor, _ = hglob.GetGlob(hglob.NormalizePath(s))
 	}

-	ex := hexec.New(conf.Security, workingDir)
+	ex := hexec.New(conf.Security)

 	hook := func(m *modules.ModulesConfig) error {
 		for _, tc := range m.AllModules {
@@ -493,7 +492,6 @@ func (l *configLoader) loadModules(configs *Configs) (modules.ModulesConfig, *mo
 		HookBeforeFinalize: hook,
 		WorkingDir:         workingDir,
 		ThemesDir:          themesDir,
-		PublishDir:         publishDir,
 		Environment:        l.Environment,
 		CacheDir:           conf.Caches.CacheDirModules(),
 		ModuleConfig:       conf.Module,
@@ -98,6 +98,10 @@ type BuildConfig struct {
 	// One of never, fallback, always. Default is fallback
 	UseResourceCacheWhen string

+	// When enabled, will duplicate bundled resource files across languages that
+	// doesn't have a translated version.
+	DuplicateResourceFiles bool
+
 	// When enabled, will collect and write a hugo_stats.json with some build
 	// related aggregated data (e.g. CSS class names).
 	// Note that this was a bool <= v0.115.0.
@@ -410,15 +414,3 @@ func DecodeServer(cfg Provider) (Server, error) {

 	return *s, nil
 }
-
-// Pagination configures the pagination behavior.
-type Pagination struct {
-	//  Default number of elements per pager in pagination.
-	PagerSize int
-
-	// The path element used during pagination.
-	Path string
-
-	// Whether to disable generation of alias for the first pagination page.
-	DisableAliases bool
-}
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ type AllProvider interface {
 	Dirs() CommonDirs
 	Quiet() bool
 	DirsBase() CommonDirs
-	ContentTypes() ContentTypesProvider
 	GetConfigSection(string) any
 	GetConfig() any
 	CanonifyURLs() bool
@@ -52,7 +51,8 @@ type AllProvider interface {
 	DefaultContentLanguageInSubdir() bool
 	IsLangDisabled(string) bool
 	SummaryLength() int
-	Pagination() Pagination
+	Paginate() int
+	PaginatePath() string
 	BuildExpired() bool
 	BuildFuture() bool
 	BuildDrafts() bool
@@ -75,15 +75,6 @@ type AllProvider interface {
 	EnableEmoji() bool
 }

-// We cannot import the media package as that would create a circular dependency.
-// This interface defineds a sub set of what media.ContentTypes provides.
-type ContentTypesProvider interface {
-	IsContentSuffix(suffix string) bool
-	IsContentFile(filename string) bool
-	IsIndexContentFile(filename string) bool
-	IsHTMLSuffix(suffix string) bool
-}
-
 // Provider provides the configuration settings for Hugo.
 type Provider interface {
 	GetString(key string) string
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ package config
 import (
 	"encoding/json"

-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hashing"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 )

 func DecodeNamespace[S, C any](configSource any, buildConfig func(any) (C, any, error)) (*ConfigNamespace[S, C], error) {
 	// Calculate the hash of the input (not including any defaults applied later).
 	// This allows us to introduce new config options without breaking the hash.
-	h := hashing.HashString(configSource)
+	h := identity.HashString(configSource)

 	// Build the config
 	c, ext, err := buildConfig(configSource)
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func TestNamespace(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(ns, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 	c.Assert(ns.SourceStructure, qt.DeepEquals, map[string]interface{}{"foo": "bar"})
-	c.Assert(ns.SourceHash, qt.Equals, "1450430416588600409")
+	c.Assert(ns.SourceHash, qt.Equals, "14368731254619220105")
 	c.Assert(ns.Config, qt.DeepEquals, &tstNsExt{Foo: "bar"})
 	c.Assert(ns.Signature(), qt.DeepEquals, []*tstNsExt(nil))
 }
@@ -37,10 +37,8 @@ var DefaultConfig = Config{
 		Allow: MustNewWhitelist(
 			"^(dart-)?sass(-embedded)?$", // sass, dart-sass, dart-sass-embedded.
 			"^go$",                       // for Go Modules
-			"^git$",                      // For Git info
 			"^npx$",                      // used by all Node tools (Babel, PostCSS).
 			"^postcss$",
-			"^tailwindcss$",
 		),
 		// These have been tested to work with Hugo's external programs
 		// on Windows, Linux and MacOS.
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func TestToTOML(t *testing.T) {
 	got := DefaultConfig.ToTOML()

 	c.Assert(got, qt.Equals,
-		"[security]\n  enableInlineShortcodes = false\n\n  [security.exec]\n    allow = ['^(dart-)?sass(-embedded)?$', '^go$', '^git$', '^npx$', '^postcss$', '^tailwindcss$']\n    osEnv = ['(?i)^((HTTPS?|NO)_PROXY|PATH(EXT)?|APPDATA|TE?MP|TERM|GO\\w+|(XDG_CONFIG_)?HOME|USERPROFILE|SSH_AUTH_SOCK|DISPLAY|LANG|SYSTEMDRIVE)$']\n\n  [security.funcs]\n    getenv = ['^HUGO_', '^CI$']\n\n  [security.http]\n    methods = ['(?i)GET|POST']\n    urls = ['.*']",
+		"[security]\n  enableInlineShortcodes = false\n\n  [security.exec]\n    allow = ['^(dart-)?sass(-embedded)?$', '^go$', '^npx$', '^postcss$']\n    osEnv = ['(?i)^((HTTPS?|NO)_PROXY|PATH(EXT)?|APPDATA|TE?MP|TERM|GO\\w+|(XDG_CONFIG_)?HOME|USERPROFILE|SSH_AUTH_SOCK|DISPLAY|LANG|SYSTEMDRIVE)$']\n\n  [security.funcs]\n    getenv = ['^HUGO_', '^CI$']\n\n  [security.http]\n    methods = ['(?i)GET|POST']\n    urls = ['.*']",
 	)
 }

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hstrings"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/paths"

+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs/files"
+
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"

 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ func NewContent(h *hugolib.HugoSites, kind, targetPath string, force bool) error
 			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve %q to an archetype template", targetPath)
 		}

-		if !h.Conf.ContentTypes().IsContentFile(b.targetPath) {
+		if !files.IsContentFile(b.targetPath) {
 			return "", fmt.Errorf("target path %q is not a known content format", b.targetPath)
 		}

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 baseURL = 'https://example.org/'
-languageCode = 'en-US'
+languageCode = 'en-us'
 title = 'My New Hugo Site'

 [[menus.main]]
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="{{ or site.Language.LanguageCode }}" dir="{{ or site.Language.LanguageDirection `ltr` }}">
+<html lang="{{ or site.Language.LanguageCode site.Language.Lang }}" dir="{{ or site.Language.LanguageDirection `ltr` }}">
 <head>
  {{ partial "head.html" . }}
 </head>
@@ -133,14 +133,10 @@ func (d *Deployer) Deploy(ctx context.Context) error {

 	// Load local files from the source directory.
 	var include, exclude glob.Glob
-	var mappath func(string) string
 	if d.target != nil {
 		include, exclude = d.target.IncludeGlob, d.target.ExcludeGlob
-		if d.target.StripIndexHTML {
-			mappath = stripIndexHTML
-		}
 	}
-	local, err := d.walkLocal(d.localFs, d.cfg.Matchers, include, exclude, d.mediaTypes, mappath)
+	local, err := d.walkLocal(d.localFs, d.cfg.Matchers, include, exclude, d.mediaTypes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -487,7 +483,7 @@ func knownHiddenDirectory(name string) bool {

 // walkLocal walks the source directory and returns a flat list of files,
 // using localFile.SlashPath as the map keys.
-func (d *Deployer) walkLocal(fs afero.Fs, matchers []*deployconfig.Matcher, include, exclude glob.Glob, mediaTypes media.Types, mappath func(string) string) (map[string]*localFile, error) {
+func (d *Deployer) walkLocal(fs afero.Fs, matchers []*deployconfig.Matcher, include, exclude glob.Glob, mediaTypes media.Types) (map[string]*localFile, error) {
 	retval := map[string]*localFile{}
 	err := afero.Walk(fs, "", func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
 		if err != nil {
@@ -533,11 +529,6 @@ func (d *Deployer) walkLocal(fs afero.Fs, matchers []*deployconfig.Matcher, incl
 				break
 			}
 		}
-		// Apply any additional modifications to the local path, to map it to
-		// the remote path.
-		if mappath != nil {
-			slashpath = mappath(slashpath)
-		}
 		lf, err := newLocalFile(fs, path, slashpath, m, mediaTypes)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -551,15 +542,6 @@ func (d *Deployer) walkLocal(fs afero.Fs, matchers []*deployconfig.Matcher, incl
 	return retval, nil
 }

-// stripIndexHTML remaps keys matching "<dir>/index.html" to "<dir>/".
-func stripIndexHTML(slashpath string) string {
-	const suffix = "/index.html"
-	if strings.HasSuffix(slashpath, suffix) {
-		return slashpath[:len(slashpath)-len(suffix)+1]
-	}
-	return slashpath
-}
-
 // walkRemote walks the target bucket and returns a flat list.
 func (d *Deployer) walkRemote(ctx context.Context, bucket *blob.Bucket, include, exclude glob.Glob) (map[string]*blob.ListObject, error) {
 	retval := map[string]*blob.ListObject{}
@@ -216,9 +216,8 @@ func TestFindDiffs(t *testing.T) {

 func TestWalkLocal(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := map[string]struct {
-		Given   []string
-		Expect  []string
-		MapPath func(string) string
+		Given  []string
+		Expect []string
 	}{
 		"Empty": {
 			Given:  []string{},
@@ -236,11 +235,6 @@ func TestWalkLocal(t *testing.T) {
 			Given:  []string{"file.txt", ".hidden_dir/file.txt", ".well-known/file.txt"},
 			Expect: []string{"file.txt", ".well-known/file.txt"},
 		},
-		"StripIndexHTML": {
-			Given:   []string{"index.html", "file.txt", "dir/index.html", "dir/file.txt"},
-			Expect:  []string{"index.html", "file.txt", "dir/", "dir/file.txt"},
-			MapPath: stripIndexHTML,
-		},
 	}

 	for desc, tc := range tests {
@@ -260,7 +254,7 @@ func TestWalkLocal(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}
 			d := newDeployer()
-			if got, err := d.walkLocal(fs, nil, nil, nil, media.DefaultTypes, tc.MapPath); err != nil {
+			if got, err := d.walkLocal(fs, nil, nil, nil, media.DefaultTypes); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			} else {
 				expect := map[string]any{}
@@ -280,63 +274,6 @@ func TestWalkLocal(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestStripIndexHTML(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := map[string]struct {
-		Input  string
-		Output string
-	}{
-		"Unmapped": {Input: "normal_file.txt", Output: "normal_file.txt"},
-		"Stripped": {Input: "directory/index.html", Output: "directory/"},
-		"NoSlash":  {Input: "prefix_index.html", Output: "prefix_index.html"},
-		"Root":     {Input: "index.html", Output: "index.html"},
-	}
-	for desc, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(desc, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := stripIndexHTML(tc.Input)
-			if got != tc.Output {
-				t.Errorf("got %q, expect %q", got, tc.Output)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStripIndexHTMLMatcher(t *testing.T) {
-	// StripIndexHTML should not affect matchers.
-	fs := afero.NewMemMapFs()
-	if err := fs.Mkdir("dir", 0o755); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	for _, name := range []string{"index.html", "dir/index.html", "file.txt"} {
-		if fd, err := fs.Create(name); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		} else {
-			fd.Close()
-		}
-	}
-	d := newDeployer()
-	const pattern = `\.html$`
-	matcher := &deployconfig.Matcher{Pattern: pattern, Gzip: true, Re: regexp.MustCompile(pattern)}
-	if got, err := d.walkLocal(fs, []*deployconfig.Matcher{matcher}, nil, nil, media.DefaultTypes, stripIndexHTML); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	} else {
-		for _, name := range []string{"index.html", "dir/"} {
-			lf := got[name]
-			if lf == nil {
-				t.Errorf("missing file %q", name)
-			} else if lf.matcher == nil {
-				t.Errorf("file %q has nil matcher, expect %q", name, pattern)
-			}
-		}
-		const name = "file.txt"
-		lf := got[name]
-		if lf == nil {
-			t.Errorf("missing file %q", name)
-		} else if lf.matcher != nil {
-			t.Errorf("file %q has matcher %q, expect nil", name, lf.matcher.Pattern)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestLocalFile(t *testing.T) {
 	const (
 		content = "hello world!"
@@ -69,11 +69,6 @@ type Target struct {
 	// Parsed versions of Include/Exclude.
 	IncludeGlob glob.Glob `json:"-"`
 	ExcludeGlob glob.Glob `json:"-"`
-
-	// If true, any local path matching <dir>/index.html will be mapped to the
-	// remote path <dir>/. This does not affect the top-level index.html file,
-	// since that would result in an empty path.
-	StripIndexHTML bool
 }

 func (tgt *Target) ParseIncludeExclude() error {
@@ -15,14 +15,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/cache/filecache"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/hexec"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/loggers"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/maps"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/common/types"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config/allconfig"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config/security"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/helpers"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/hugofs"
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/identity"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/media"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/page"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/postpub"
@@ -88,7 +85,7 @@ type Deps struct {
 	BuildEndListeners *Listeners

 	// Resources that gets closed when the build is done or the server shuts down.
-	BuildClosers *types.Closers
+	BuildClosers *Closers

 	// This is common/global for all sites.
 	BuildState *BuildState
@@ -136,15 +133,6 @@ func (d *Deps) Init() error {
 	if d.BuildState == nil {
 		d.BuildState = &BuildState{}
 	}
-	if d.BuildState.DeferredExecutions == nil {
-		if d.BuildState.DeferredExecutionsGroupedByRenderingContext == nil {
-			d.BuildState.DeferredExecutionsGroupedByRenderingContext = make(map[tpl.RenderingContext]*DeferredExecutions)
-		}
-		d.BuildState.DeferredExecutions = &DeferredExecutions{
-			Executions:              maps.NewCache[string, *tpl.DeferredExecution](),
-			FilenamesWithPostPrefix: maps.NewCache[string, bool](),
-		}
-	}

 	if d.BuildStartListeners == nil {
 		d.BuildStartListeners = &Listeners{}
@@ -155,7 +143,7 @@ func (d *Deps) Init() error {
 	}

 	if d.BuildClosers == nil {
-		d.BuildClosers = &types.Closers{}
+		d.BuildClosers = &Closers{}
 	}

 	if d.Metrics == nil && d.Conf.TemplateMetrics() {
@@ -163,37 +151,28 @@ func (d *Deps) Init() error {
 	}

 	if d.ExecHelper == nil {
-		d.ExecHelper = hexec.New(d.Conf.GetConfigSection("security").(security.Config), d.Conf.WorkingDir())
+		d.ExecHelper = hexec.New(d.Conf.GetConfigSection("security").(security.Config))
 	}

 	if d.MemCache == nil {
-		d.MemCache = dynacache.New(dynacache.Options{Watching: d.Conf.Watching(), Log: d.Log})
+		d.MemCache = dynacache.New(dynacache.Options{Running: d.Conf.Running(), Log: d.Log})
 	}

 	if d.PathSpec == nil {
-		hashBytesReceiverFunc := func(name string, match []byte) {
-			s := string(match)
-			switch s {
-			case postpub.PostProcessPrefix:
-				d.BuildState.AddFilenameWithPostPrefix(name)
-			case tpl.HugoDeferredTemplatePrefix:
-				d.BuildState.DeferredExecutions.FilenamesWithPostPrefix.Set(name, true)
+		hashBytesReceiverFunc := func(name string, match bool) {
+			if !match {
+				return
 			}
+			d.BuildState.AddFilenameWithPostPrefix(name)
 		}

 		// Skip binary files.
 		mediaTypes := d.Conf.GetConfigSection("mediaTypes").(media.Types)
-		hashBytesShouldCheck := func(name string) bool {
+		hashBytesSHouldCheck := func(name string) bool {
 			ext := strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Ext(name), ".")
 			return mediaTypes.IsTextSuffix(ext)
 		}
-		d.Fs.PublishDir = hugofs.NewHasBytesReceiver(
-			d.Fs.PublishDir,
-			hashBytesShouldCheck,
-			hashBytesReceiverFunc,
-			[]byte(tpl.HugoDeferredTemplatePrefix),
-			[]byte(postpub.PostProcessPrefix))
-
+		d.Fs.PublishDir = hugofs.NewHasBytesReceiver(d.Fs.PublishDir, hashBytesSHouldCheck, hashBytesReceiverFunc, []byte(postpub.PostProcessPrefix))
 		pathSpec, err := helpers.NewPathSpec(d.Fs, d.Conf, d.Log)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -229,7 +208,7 @@ func (d *Deps) Init() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create file caches from configuration: %w", err)
 	}

-	resourceSpec, err := resources.NewSpec(d.PathSpec, common, fileCaches, d.MemCache, d.BuildState, d.Log, d, d.ExecHelper, d.BuildClosers, d.BuildState)
+	resourceSpec, err := resources.NewSpec(d.PathSpec, common, fileCaches, d.MemCache, d.BuildState, d.Log, d, d.ExecHelper)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create resource spec: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -374,9 +353,6 @@ type DepsCfg struct {

 	// i18n handling.
 	TranslationProvider ResourceProvider
-
-	// ChangesFromBuild for changes passed back to the server/watch process.
-	ChangesFromBuild chan []identity.Identity
 }

 // BuildState are state used during a build.
@@ -385,44 +361,9 @@ type BuildState struct {

 	mu sync.Mutex // protects state below.

-	OnSignalRebuild func(ids ...identity.Identity)
-
 	// A set of filenames in /public that
 	// contains a post-processing prefix.
 	filenamesWithPostPrefix map[string]bool
-
-	DeferredExecutions *DeferredExecutions
-
-	// Deferred executions grouped by rendering context.
-	DeferredExecutionsGroupedByRenderingContext map[tpl.RenderingContext]*DeferredExecutions
-}
-
-type DeferredExecutions struct {
-	// A set of filenames in /public that
-	// contains a post-processing prefix.
-	FilenamesWithPostPrefix *maps.Cache[string, bool]
-
-	// Maps a placeholder to a deferred execution.
-	Executions *maps.Cache[string, *tpl.DeferredExecution]
-}
-
-var _ identity.SignalRebuilder = (*BuildState)(nil)
-
-// StartStageRender will be called before a stage is rendered.
-func (b *BuildState) StartStageRender(stage tpl.RenderingContext) {
-}
-
-// StopStageRender will be called after a stage is rendered.
-func (b *BuildState) StopStageRender(stage tpl.RenderingContext) {
-	b.DeferredExecutionsGroupedByRenderingContext[stage] = b.DeferredExecutions
-	b.DeferredExecutions = &DeferredExecutions{
-		Executions:              maps.NewCache[string, *tpl.DeferredExecution](),
-		FilenamesWithPostPrefix: maps.NewCache[string, bool](),
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *BuildState) SignalRebuild(ids ...identity.Identity) {
-	b.OnSignalRebuild(ids...)
 }

 func (b *BuildState) AddFilenameWithPostPrefix(filename string) {
@@ -448,3 +389,30 @@ func (b *BuildState) GetFilenamesWithPostPrefix() []string {
 func (b *BuildState) Incr() int {
 	return int(atomic.AddUint64(&b.counter, uint64(1)))
 }
+
+type Closer interface {
+	Close() error
+}
+
+type Closers struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+	cs []Closer
+}
+
+func (cs *Closers) Add(c Closer) {
+	cs.mu.Lock()
+	defer cs.mu.Unlock()
+	cs.cs = append(cs.cs, c)
+}
+
+func (cs *Closers) Close() error {
+	cs.mu.Lock()
+	defer cs.mu.Unlock()
+	for _, c := range cs.cs {
+		c.Close()
+	}
+
+	cs.cs = cs.cs[:0]
+
+	return nil
+}
@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@
  ],
  "ignoreRegExpList": [
    "# cspell: ignore fenced code blocks",
-    "^(\\s*`{3,}).*[\\s\\S]*?^\\1$",
+    "^(\\s*`{3,}).*[\\s\\S]*?^\\1",
    "# cspell: ignore words joined with dot",
    "\\w+\\.\\w+",
    "# cspell: ignore strings within backticks",
    "`.+`",
+    "# cspell: ignore strings within single quotes",
+    "'.+'",
    "# cspell: ignore strings within double quotes",
    "\".+\"",
    "# cspell: ignore strings within brackets",
@@ -40,11 +42,14 @@
  ],
  "language": "en",
  "words": [
+    "antialiasing",
+    "codeowners",
    "composability",
    "configurators",
    "defang",
    "deindent",
    "downscale",
+    "downscaled",
    "downscaling",
    "exif",
    "geolocalized",
@@ -52,99 +57,60 @@
    "marshal",
    "marshaling",
    "multihost",
-    "multiplatfom",
    "performantly",
    "preconfigured",
    "prerendering",
    "redirection",
    "redirections",
+    "shortcode",
+    "shortcodes",
    "subexpression",
-    "suppressible",
+    "subexpressions",
+    "suppressable",
    "templating",
    "transpile",
+    "transpiles",
    "unmarshal",
-    "unmarshaling",
    "unmarshals",
-    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
-    "# cspell: ignore hugo terminology",
-    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
-    "attrlink",
-    "canonify",
-    "codeowners",
-    "eturl",
-    "getenv",
-    "gohugo",
-    "gohugoio",
-    "keyvals",
-    "leftdelim",
-    "linkify",
-    "numworkermultiplier",
-    "rightdelim",
-    "shortcode",
-    "stringifier",
-    "struct",
-    "toclevels",
-    "zgotmplz",
+    "unmarshaling",
    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
    "# cspell: ignore foreign language words",
    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
    "bezpieczeństwo",
-    "buch",
-    "descripción",
    "dokumentation",
-    "erklärungen",
    "libros",
-    "mercredi",
    "miesiąc",
    "miesiąc",
-    "miesiąca",
-    "miesiące",
+    "miesięcy",
    "miesięcy",
    "misérables",
-    "mittwoch",
-    "muchos",
-    "novembre",
-    "otro",
-    "pocos",
-    "produkte",
    "projekt",
-    "prywatność",
-    "referenz",
    "régime",
    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
-    "# cspell: ignore names",
+    "# cspell: ignore proper nouns",
    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
-    "Atishay",
-    "Cosette",
    "Eliott",
-    "Furet",
    "Gregor",
    "Jaco",
-    "Lanczos",
-    "Ninke",
    "Noll",
    "Pastorius",
    "Samsa",
-    "Stucki",
-    "Thénardier",
    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
    "# cspell: ignore operating systems and software packages",
    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
    "asciidoctor",
    "brotli",
-    "cifs",
    "corejs",
    "disqus",
-    "docutils",
-    "dpkg",
    "doas",
    "eopkg",
    "gitee",
+    "gohugoio",
    "goldmark",
-    "katex",
+    "KaTeX",
    "kubuntu",
    "lubuntu",
-    "mathjax",
+    "MathJax",
    "nosql",
    "pandoc",
    "pkgin",
@@ -153,19 +119,21 @@
    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
    "# cspell: ignore miscellaneous",
    "# ----------------------------------------------------------------------",
-    "achristie",
-    "ddmaurier",
    "dring",
+    "getenv",
+    "gohugo",
    "inor",
-    "jausten",
    "jdoe",
-    "jsmith",
    "milli",
    "rgba",
    "rsmith",
+    "stringifier",
+    "struct",
    "tdewolff",
    "tjones",
-    "wcag",
-    "xfeff"
+    "toclevels",
+    "vals",
+    "xfeff",
+    "zgotmplz"
  ]
 }
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@
    bgcolor      = "#ffffff"

 [[banners]]
-    name         = "Route4Me"
-    link         = "https://route4me.com"
-    title        = "Route Planning & Route Optimization Software"
-    utm_campaign = "hugosponsor"
-    bgcolor      = "#334799"
-    link_attr    = "style='color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-align: center'"
+    name         = "CloudCannon"
+    link         = "https://cloudcannon.com/hugo-cms/"
+    logo         = "/images/sponsors/cloudcannon-white.svg"
+    utm_campaign = "HugoSponsorship"
+    utm_source   = "sponsor"
+    utm_content  = "gohugo"
+    bgcolor      = "#034AD8"

 [[banners]]
    name          = "Your Company?"
@@ -19,4 +20,3 @@
    utm_campaign  = "hugosponsor"
    show_on_hover = true
    bgcolor       = "#4e4f4f"
-    link_attr     = "style='color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-align: center'"
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{{- /* Last modified: 2024-04-26T13:54:00-07:00 */}}
+{{- /* Last modified: 2023-09-04T09:23:04-07:00 */}}

 {{- /*
 Copyright 2023 Veriphor LLC
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ either of these shortcodes in conjunction with this render hook.
  {{- $attrs = merge $attrs (dict "rel" "external") }}
 {{- else }}
  {{- with $u.Path }}
-    {{- with $p := or ($.PageInner.GetPage .) ($.PageInner.GetPage (strings.TrimRight "/" .)) }}
+    {{- with $p := or ($.Page.GetPage .) ($.Page.GetPage (strings.TrimRight "/" .)) }}
      {{- /* Destination is a page. */}}
      {{- $href := .RelPermalink }}
      {{- with $u.RawQuery }}
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ either of these shortcodes in conjunction with this render hook.
      {{- end }}
      {{- $attrs = dict "href" $href }}
    {{- else }}
-      {{- with $.PageInner.Resources.Get $u.Path }}
+      {{- with $.Page.Resources.Get $u.Path }}
        {{- /* Destination is a page resource; drop query and fragment. */}}
        {{- $attrs = dict "href" .RelPermalink }}
      {{- else }}
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ either of these shortcodes in conjunction with this render hook.
    {{- end }}
  {{- end }}
 {{- end }}
-{{- $attrs = merge $attrs (dict "title" (.Title | transform.HTMLEscape)) }}
+{{- with .Title }}
+  {{- $attrs = merge $attrs (dict "title" .) }}
+{{- end -}}

 {{- /* Render anchor element. */ -}}
 <a
  {{- range $k, $v := $attrs }}
-    {{- if $v }}
-      {{- printf " %s=%q" $k $v | safeHTMLAttr }}
-    {{- end }}
+    {{- printf " %s=%q" $k $v | safeHTMLAttr }}
  {{- end -}}
 >{{ .Text | safeHTML }}</a>

@@ -1,68 +1,38 @@
-{{- printf "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>" | safeHTML }}
 <rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
-    <title>Hugo News</title>
-    <description>Recent news about Hugo, a static site generator written in Go, optimized for speed and designed for flexibility.</description>
+    <title>{{ .Site.Title }} – {{ .Title }}</title>
    <link>{{ .Permalink }}</link>
-    <generator>Hugo {{ hugo.Version }}</generator>
-    <language>{{ or site.Language.LanguageCode site.Language.Lang }}</language>
-    {{- with site.Copyright }}
-      <copyright>{{ . }}</copyright>
-    {{- end }}
-    {{- with .OutputFormats.Get "RSS" }}
-      {{ printf "<atom:link href=%q rel=\"self\" type=%q />" .Permalink .MediaType | safeHTML }}
-    {{- end }}
-
-    {{- $news_items := slice }}
-
-    {{- /* Get releases from GitHub. */}}
-    {{- $u := "https://api.github.com/repos/gohugoio/hugo/releases" }}
-    {{- $releases := partial "utilities/get-remote-data.html" $u }}
-    {{- $releases = where $releases "draft" false }}
-    {{- $releases = where $releases "prerelease" false }}
-    {{- range $releases | first 20 }}
-      {{- $summary := printf
-        "Hugo %s was released on %s. See [release notes](%s) for details."
-        .tag_name
-        (.published_at | time.AsTime | time.Format "2 Jan 2006")
-        .html_url
-      }}
-      {{- $ctx := dict
-        "PublishDate" (.published_at | time.AsTime)
-        "Title" (printf "Release %s" .name)
-        "Permalink" .html_url
-        "Section" "news"
-        "Summary" ($summary | $.Page.RenderString)
-      }}
-      {{- $news_items = $news_items | append $ctx }}
-    {{- end }}
-
-    {{- /* Get content pages from news section. */}}
-    {{- range where site.RegularPages "Section" "news" }}
-      {{- $ctx := dict
-        "PublishDate" .PublishDate
-        "Title" .Title
-        "RelPermalink" .RelPermalink
-        "Section" "news"
-        "Summary" .Summary
-        "Params" (dict "description" .Description)
-      }}
-      {{- $news_items = $news_items | append $ctx }}
-    {{- end }}
-    {{- /* Sort, limit, and render lastBuildDate. */}}
-    {{- $limit := cond (gt site.Config.Services.RSS.Limit 1) site.Config.Services.RSS.Limit 999 }}
-    {{- $news_items = sort $news_items "PublishDate" "desc" | first $limit }}
-    <lastBuildDate>{{ (index $news_items 0).PublishDate.Format "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700" | safeHTML }}</lastBuildDate>
-
-    {{- /* Render items. */}}
-    {{- range $news_items }}
-      <item>
-        <title>{{ .Title }}</title>
-        <link>{{ .Permalink }}</link>
-        <pubDate>{{ .PublishDate.Format "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700" | safeHTML }}</pubDate>
-        <guid>{{ .Permalink }}</guid>
-        <description>{{ .Summary | transform.XMLEscape | safeHTML }}</description>
-      </item>
-    {{- end }}
+    <description>Recent Hugo news from gohugo.io</description>
+    <generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator>{{ with .Site.LanguageCode }}
+    <language>{{.}}</language>{{end}}{{ with .Site.Author.email }}
+    <managingEditor>{{.}}{{ with $.Site.Author.name }} ({{.}}){{end}}</managingEditor>{{end}}{{ with .Site.Author.email }}
+    <webMaster>{{.}}{{ with $.Site.Author.name }} ({{.}}){{end}}</webMaster>{{end}}{{ with .Site.Copyright }}
+    <copyright>{{.}}</copyright>{{end}}{{ if not .Date.IsZero }}
+    <lastBuildDate>{{ .Date.Format "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700" | safeHTML }}</lastBuildDate>{{ end }}
+    <image>
+      <url>{{ "img/hugo.png" | absURL }}</url>
+      <title>GoHugo.io</title>
+      <link>{{ .Permalink }}</link>
+    </image>
+    {{ with .OutputFormats.Get "RSS" }}
+	{{ printf "<atom:link href=%q rel=\"self\" type=%q />" .Permalink .MediaType | safeHTML }}
+    {{ end }}
+    {{ range first 50 (where .Site.RegularPages "Type" "in" (slice "news" "showcase")) }}
+    <item>
+      <title>{{ .Section | title }}: {{ .Title }}</title>
+      <link>{{ .Permalink }}</link>
+      <pubDate>{{ .Date.Format "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700" | safeHTML }}</pubDate>
+      {{ with .Site.Author.email }}<author>{{.}}{{ with $.Site.Author.name }} ({{.}}){{end}}</author>{{end}}
+      <guid>{{ .Permalink }}</guid>
+      <description>
+        {{ $img := (.Resources.ByType "image").GetMatch "*featured*" }}
+        {{ with $img }}
+        {{ $img := .Resize "640x" }}
+        {{ printf "<![CDATA[<img src=\"%s\" width=\"%d\" height=\"%d\"/>]]>" $img.Permalink $img.Width $img.Height | safeHTML }}
+        {{ end }}
+        {{ .Content | html }}
+      </description>
+    </item>
+    {{ end }}
  </channel>
-</rss>
+</rss>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@

      {{/* Get releases from GitHub. */}}
      {{ $u := "https://api.github.com/repos/gohugoio/hugo/releases" }}
-      {{ $releases := partial "utilities/get-remote-data.html" $u }}
+      {{ $releases := partial "inline/get-remote-data.html" $u }}
      {{ $releases = where $releases "draft" false }}
      {{ $releases = where $releases "prerelease" false }}
      {{ range $releases | first 20 }}
@@ -55,3 +55,16 @@

 </div>
 {{ end }}
+
+{{ define "partials/inline/get-remote-data.html" }}
+  {{ $u := . }}
+  {{ $r := "" }}
+  {{ with $r = resources.GetRemote $u }}
+    {{ with .Err }}
+      {{ errorf "%s" . }}
+    {{ end }}
+  {{ else }}
+    {{ errorf "Unable to get remote resource %q" $u }}
+  {{ end }}
+  {{ return ($r | transform.Unmarshal) }}
+{{ end }}
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-{{- printf "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>" | safeHTML }}
-<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
-  <channel>
-    <title>Hugo News</title>
-    <description>Recent news about Hugo, a static site generator written in Go, optimized for speed and designed for flexibility.</description>
-    <link>{{ .Permalink }}</link>
-    <generator>Hugo {{ hugo.Version }}</generator>
-    <language>{{ or site.Language.LanguageCode site.Language.Lang }}</language>
-    {{- with site.Copyright }}
-      <copyright>{{ . }}</copyright>
-    {{- end }}
-    {{- with .OutputFormats.Get "RSS" }}
-      {{ printf "<atom:link href=%q rel=\"self\" type=%q />" .Permalink .MediaType | safeHTML }}
-    {{- end }}
-
-    {{- $news_items := slice }}
-
-    {{- /* Get releases from GitHub. */}}
-    {{- $u := "https://api.github.com/repos/gohugoio/hugo/releases" }}
-    {{- $releases := partial "utilities/get-remote-data.html" $u }}
-    {{- $releases = where $releases "draft" false }}
-    {{- $releases = where $releases "prerelease" false }}
-    {{- range $releases | first 20 }}
-      {{- $summary := printf
-        "Hugo %s was released on %s. See [release notes](%s) for details."
-        .tag_name
-        (.published_at | time.AsTime | time.Format "2 Jan 2006")
-        .html_url
-      }}
-      {{- $ctx := dict
-        "PublishDate" (.published_at | time.AsTime)
-        "Title" (printf "Release %s" .name)
-        "Permalink" .html_url
-        "Section" "news"
-        "Summary" ($summary | $.Page.RenderString)
-      }}
-      {{- $news_items = $news_items | append $ctx }}
-    {{- end }}
-
-    {{- /* Get content pages from news section. */}}
-    {{- range .Pages }}
-      {{- $ctx := dict
-        "PublishDate" .PublishDate
-        "Title" .Title
-        "RelPermalink" .RelPermalink
-        "Section" "news"
-        "Summary" .Summary
-        "Params" (dict "description" .Description)
-      }}
-      {{- $news_items = $news_items | append $ctx }}
-    {{- end }}
-    {{- /* Sort, limit, and render lastBuildDate. */}}
-    {{- $limit := cond (gt site.Config.Services.RSS.Limit 1) site.Config.Services.RSS.Limit 999 }}
-    {{- $news_items = sort $news_items "PublishDate" "desc" | first $limit }}
-    <lastBuildDate>{{ (index $news_items 0).PublishDate.Format "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700" | safeHTML }}</lastBuildDate>
-
-    {{- /* Render items. */}}
-    {{- range $news_items }}
-      <item>
-        <title>{{ .Title }}</title>
-        <link>{{ .Permalink }}</link>
-        <pubDate>{{ .PublishDate.Format "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700" | safeHTML }}</pubDate>
-        <guid>{{ .Permalink }}</guid>
-        <description>{{ .Summary | transform.XMLEscape | safeHTML }}</description>
-      </item>
-    {{- end }}
-  </channel>
-</rss>
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <div class="w-100 center pt5">
  <div class="w-100 w-40-l tc center">
-    <img src="/images/Github.svg" alt="Github Logo" class="tc center">
+    <img src="/images/GitHub-Mark-64px.png" alt="Github Logo" class="tc center">
  </div>
 </div>

@@ -25,30 +25,26 @@
            {{ $query_params := .query_params | default "" }}
            {{ $url := printf "%s?%s%s" .link $query_params (querify "utm_source" (.utm_source | default $utmSource ) "utm_medium" "banner" "utm_campaign" (.utm_campaign | default "hugosponsor") "utm_content" (.utm_content | default "gohugoio")) | safeURL }}
            {{ $logo := resources.Get .logo }}
-            {{ $gtagID := printf "Sponsor %s %s" .name $gtag | title }}
-            {{ $classes := "" }}
-            {{ if .show_on_hover }}
-              {{ $classes = printf "%s show-on-hover" $classes }}
-            {{ end }}
-            {{ if $isFooter }}
-              {{ $classes = printf "%s f3" $classes }}
-            {{ else }}
-              {{ $classes = printf "%s f1" $classes }}
-            {{ end }}
-            <a
-              href="{{ $url }}"
-              title="{{ .title | default .name }}"
-              {{ if hugo.IsProduction }}
+            {{ if hugo.IsProduction }}
+              {{ $gtagID := printf "Sponsor %s %s" .name $gtag | title }}
+              <a
+                href="{{ $url }}"
                onclick="trackOutboundLink({{ printf "'%s', '%s'" $gtagID $url | safeJS }});"
-              {{ end }}
-              class="w-100 grow pa3 {{ $classes }}"
-              {{ with .link_attr }}{{ . | safeHTMLAttr }}{{ end }}>
-              {{ with $logo }}
-                {{ .Content | safeHTML }}
-              {{ else }}
-                {{ .name }}
-              {{ end }}
-            </a>
+                class="w-100 grow pa3{{ if .show_on_hover }}
+                  show-on-hover
+                {{ end }}"
+                style="">
+                {{ with $logo }}{{ .Content | safeHTML }}{{ end }}
+              </a>
+            {{ else }}
+              <a
+                href="{{ $url }}"
+                class="w-100 grow pa3{{ if .show_on_hover }}
+                  show-on-hover
+                {{ end }}">
+                {{ with $logo }}{{ .Content | safeHTML }}{{ end }}
+              </a>
+            {{ end }}
          </div>
        {{ end }}
      </div>
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-{{/*
-Parses the serialized data from the given URL and returns a map or an array.
-
-Supports CSV, JSON, TOML, YAML, and XML.
-
-@param {string} . The URL from which to retrieve the serialized data.
-@returns {any}
-
-@example {{ partial "get-remote-data.html" "https://example.org/foo.json" }}
-*/}}
-
-{{ $url := . }}
-{{ $data := dict }}
-{{ with resources.GetRemote $url }}
-  {{ with .Err }}
-    {{ errorf "%s" . }}
-  {{ else }}
-    {{ $data = .Content | transform.Unmarshal }}
-  {{ end }}
-{{ else }}
-  {{ errorf "Unable to get remote resource %q" $url }}
-{{ end }}
-{{ return $data }}
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-{{- /*
-Renders an absolute URL to the source code for an embedded template.
-
-Accepts either positional or named parameters, and depends on the
-embedded_templates.toml file in the data directory.
-
-@param {string} filename The embedded template's file name, excluding extension.
-
-@returns template.HTML
-
-@example {{% et robots.txt %}}
-@example {{% et filename=robots.txt %}}
-*/}}
-
-{{- /* Get parameters. */}}
-{{- $filename := "" -}}
-{{- if .IsNamedParams -}}
- {{- $filename = .Get "filename" -}}
-{{- else -}}
- {{- $filename = .Get 0 -}}
-{{- end -}}
-
-{{- /* Render. */}}
-{{- with $filename -}}
-  {{- with site.Data.embedded_template_urls -}}
-    {{- with index . $filename -}}
-      {{- urls.JoinPath site.Data.embedded_template_urls.base_url . -}}
-    {{- else -}}
-      {{- errorf "The %q shortcode was unable to find a URL for the embedded template named %q. Check the name. See %s" $.Name $filename $.Position -}}
-    {{- end -}}
-  {{- else -}}
-    {{- errorf "The %q shortcode was unable to find the embedded_template_urls data file in the site's data directory. See %s" $.Name $.Position -}}
-  {{- end -}}
-{{- else -}}
- {{- errorf "The %q shortcodes requires a named or positional parameter, the file name of the embedded template, excluding its extension. See %s" .Name .Position -}}
-{{- end -}}
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ Renders the given image using the given filter, if any.
 {{- end }}

 {{- $validFilters := slice
-  "autoorient" "brightness" "colorbalance" "colorize" "contrast" "dither"
-  "gamma" "gaussianblur" "grayscale" "hue" "invert" "none" "opacity" "overlay"
+  "autoorient" "brightness" "colorbalance" "colorize" "contrast" "gamma"
+  "gaussianblur" "grayscale" "hue" "invert" "none" "opacity" "overlay"
  "padding" "pixelate" "process" "saturation" "sepia" "sigmoid" "text"
  "unsharpmask"
 }}
@@ -198,8 +198,6 @@ Renders the given image using the given filter, if any.
  {{- $ctx = merge $ctx (dict "argName" "percentage" "argValue" (index $filterArgs 0) "min" -100 "max" 100) }}
  {{- template "validate-arg-value" $ctx }}
  {{- $f = images.Contrast (index $filterArgs 0) }}
-{{- else if eq $filter "dither" }}
-  {{- $f = images.Dither }}
 {{- else if eq $filter "gamma" }}
  {{- $ctx = merge $ctx (dict "argsRequired" 1) }}
  {{- template "validate-arg-count" $ctx }}
@@ -356,7 +354,7 @@ Renders the given image using the given filter, if any.
  {{- if $u.IsAbs }}
    {{- with resources.GetRemote $u.String }}
      {{- with .Err }}
-        {{- errorf "%s" . }}
+        {{- errorf "%s" }}
      {{- else }}
        {{- /* This is a remote resource. */}}
        {{- $r = . }}
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ button will be hidden if any of the following conditions is true:
      {{- warnf "This call to the %q shortcode should be removed: %s. The button is now hidden because the specified version (%s) is older than the display threshold." $.Name $.Position $version }}
    {{- end }}
  {{- else }}
-    <a class="dib f5 fw6 ba bw1 b--gray ph2 mt1" href="{{ printf "https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases/tag/v%s" $version }}">New in v{{ $version }}</a>
+    <button class="bg-white hover:bg-gray-100 text-gray-800 font-semibold py-2 mr2 px-4 border border-gray-400 rounded shadow">
+      <a href="{{ printf "https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases/tag/v%s" $version }}">New in v{{ $version }}</a>
+    </button>
  {{- end }}
 {{- else }}
  {{- errorf "The %q shortcode requires a positional parameter (version). See %s" .Name .Position }}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="64" height="64" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 0C5.374 0 0 5.373 0 12c0 5.302 3.438 9.8 8.207 11.387.599.111.793-.261.793-.577v-2.234c-3.338.726-4.033-1.416-4.033-1.416-.546-1.387-1.333-1.756-1.333-1.756-1.089-.745.083-.729.083-.729 1.205.084 1.839 1.237 1.839 1.237 1.07 1.834 2.807 1.304 3.492.997.107-.775.418-1.305.762-1.604-2.665-.305-5.467-1.334-5.467-5.931 0-1.311.469-2.381 1.236-3.221-.124-.303-.535-1.524.117-3.176 0 0 1.008-.322 3.301 1.23A11.5 11.5 0 0 1 12 5.803c1.02.005 2.047.138 3.006.404 2.291-1.552 3.297-1.23 3.297-1.23.653 1.653.242 2.874.118 3.176.77.84 1.235 1.911 1.235 3.221 0 4.609-2.807 5.624-5.479 5.921.43.372.823 1.102.823 2.222v3.293c0 .319.192.694.801.576C20.566 21.797 24 17.3 24 12c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg>
@@ -1 +1 @@
-# github.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme v0.0.0-20240619093131-b595d5fb8c52
+# github.com/gohugoio/gohugoioTheme v0.0.0-20240201183016-8e648a3b5342
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [[docs]]
 identifier = 'about'
-name = 'About'
+name = 'About Hugo'
 pageRef = '/about/'
 weight = 10

@@ -15,60 +15,60 @@ name = 'Getting started'
 weight = 30
 identifier = 'getting-started'
 pageRef = '/getting-started/'
-
-[[docs]]
-name = 'Quick reference'
-weight = 40
-identifier = 'quick-reference'
-pageRef = '/quick-reference/'
 post = 'break'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Content management'
-weight = 50
+weight = 40
 identifier = 'content-management'
 post = 'expanded'
 pageRef = '/content-management/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Templates'
-weight = 60
+weight = 50
 identifier = 'templates'
 pageRef = '/templates/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Functions'
-weight = 70
+weight = 60
 identifier = 'functions'
 pageRef = '/functions/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Methods'
-weight = 80
+weight = 70
 identifier = 'methods'
 pageRef = '/methods/'

 [[docs]]
-name = 'Render hooks'
-weight = 90
-identifier = 'render-hooks'
-pageRef = '/render-hooks/'
+name = 'Quick reference'
+weight = 80
+identifier = 'quick-reference'
+pageRef = '/quick-reference/'
+
+[[docs]]
+name = 'Variables'
+weight = 85
+identifier = 'variables'
+pageRef = '/variables/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Hugo Modules'
-weight = 100
+weight = 90
 identifier = 'modules'
 pageRef = '/hugo-modules/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Hugo Pipes'
-weight = 110
+weight = 100
 identifier = 'hugo-pipes'
 pageRef = '/hugo-pipes/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'CLI'
-weight = 120
+weight = 110
 post = 'break'
 identifier = 'commands'
 pageRef = '/commands/'
@@ -77,25 +77,25 @@ pageRef = '/commands/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Troubleshooting'
-weight = 130
+weight = 120
 identifier = 'troubleshooting'
 pageRef = '/troubleshooting/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Developer tools'
-weight = 140
+weight = 130
 identifier = 'developer-tools'
 pageRef = '/tools/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Hosting and deployment'
-weight = 150
+weight = 140
 identifier = 'hosting-and-deployment'
 pageRef = '/hosting-and-deployment/'

 [[docs]]
 name = 'Contribute'
-weight = 160
+weight = 150
 post = 'break'
 identifier = 'contribute'
 pageRef = '/contribute/'
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ features:
  - heading: Shortcodes
    image_path: /images/icon-shortcodes.svg
    tagline: Hugo's shortcodes are Markdown's hidden superpower.
-    copy: We love the beautiful simplicity of Markdown’s syntax, but there are times when we want more flexibility. Hugo shortcodes allow for both beauty and flexibility.
+    copy: We love the beautiful simplicity of markdown’s syntax, but there are times when we want more flexibility. Hugo shortcodes allow for both beauty and flexibility.

  - heading: Built-in Templates
    image_path: /images/icon-built-in-templates.svg
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 ---
 title: About Hugo
-linkTitle: In this section
-description: Learn about Hugo and its features, security model, and privacy protections.
+linkTitle: Overview
+description: Hugo's features, roadmap, license, and motivation.
 categories: []
 keywords: []
 menu:
  docs:
-    identifier: about-hugo-in-this-section
+    identifier: about-hugo-overview
    parent: about
    weight: 10
 weight: 10
 aliases: [/about-hugo/,/docs/]
 ---

-Learn about Hugo and its features, privacy protections, and security model.
+Hugo is not your average static site generator.
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+title: Benefits of static site generators
+linkTitle: Static site generators
+description: Improved performance, security and ease of use are just a few of the reasons static site generators are so appealing.
+categories: [about]
+keywords: [ssg,static,performance,security]
+menu:
+  docs:
+    parent: about
+    weight: 40
+weight: 40
+---
+
+The purpose of website generators is to render content into HTML files. Most are "dynamic site generators." That means the HTTP server---i.e., the program that sends files to the browser to be viewed---runs the generator to create a new HTML file every time an end user requests a page.
+
+Over time, dynamic site generators were programmed to cache their HTML files to prevent unnecessary delays in delivering pages to end users. A cached page is a static version of a web page.
+
+Hugo takes caching a step further and all HTML files are rendered on your computer. You can review the files locally before copying them to the computer hosting the HTTP server. Since the HTML files aren't generated dynamically, we say that Hugo is a *static site generator*.
+
+This has many benefits. The most noticeable is performance. HTTP servers are *very* good at sending files---so good, in fact, that you can effectively serve the same number of pages with a fraction of the memory and CPU needed for a dynamic site.
+
+## More on static site generators
+
+* ["An Introduction to Static Site Generators", David Walsh]
+* ["Hugo vs. WordPress page load speed comparison: Hugo leaves WordPress in its dust", GettingThingsTech][hugovwordpress]
+* ["Static Site Generators", O'Reilly]
+* [StaticGen: Top Open-Source Static Site Generators (GitHub Stars)]
+* ["Top 10 Static Website Generators", Netlify blog]
+* ["The Resurgence of Static", dotCMS][dotcms]
+
+["An Introduction to Static Site Generators", David Walsh]: https://davidwalsh.name/introduction-static-site-generators
+["Static Site Generators", O'Reilly]: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugoDocs/files/1242701/static-site-generators.pdf
+["Top 10 Static Website Generators", Netlify blog]: https://www.netlify.com/blog/2016/05/02/top-ten-static-website-generators/
+[hugovwordpress]: https://gettingthingstech.com/hugo-vs.-wordpress-page-load-speed-comparison-hugo-leaves-wordpress-in-its-dust/
+[StaticGen: Top Open-Source Static Site Generators (GitHub Stars)]: https://www.staticgen.com/
+[dotcms]: https://dotcms.com/blog/post/the-resurgence-of-static
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
-title: Features
-description: Hugo's rich and powerful feature set provides the framework and tools to create static sites that build in seconds, often less.
+title: Hugo features
+description: Hugo boasts blistering speed, robust content management, and a powerful templating language making it a great fit for all kinds of static websites.
 categories: [about]
 keywords: []
 menu:
@@ -11,126 +11,70 @@ weight: 30
 toc: true
 ---

-## Framework
+## General

-[Multiplatform]
-: Install Hugo's single executable on Linux, macOS, Windows, and more.
+* [Extremely fast] build times (&lt; 1 ms per page)
+* Completely cross platform, with [easy installation][install] on macOS, Linux, Windows, and more
+* Renders changes on the fly with [LiveReload] as you develop
+* [Powerful theming]
+* [Host your site anywhere][hostanywhere]

-[Multilingual]
-: Localize your project for each language and region, including translations, images, dates, currencies, numbers, percentages, and collation sequence. Hugo's multilingual framework supports single-host and multihost configurations.
+## Organization

-[Output formats]
-: Render each page of your site to one or more output formats, with granular control by page kind, section, and path. While HTML is the default output format, you can add JSON, RSS, CSV, and more. For example, create a REST API to access content.
+* Straightforward [organization for your projects], including website sections
+* Customizable [URLs]
+* Support for configurable [taxonomies], including categories and tags
+* [Sort content] as you desire through powerful template [functions]
+* Automatic [table of contents] generation
+* [Dynamic menu] creation
+* [Pretty URLs] support
+* [Permalink] pattern support
+* Redirects via [aliases]

-[Templates]
-: Create templates usings variables, functions, and methods to transform your content, resources, and data into a published page. While HTML templates are the most common, you can create templates for any output format.
+## Content

-[Themes]
-: Reduce development time and cost by using one of the hundreds of themes contributed by the Hugo community. Themes are available for corporate sites, documentation projects, image portfolios, landing pages, personal and professional blogs, resumes, CVs, and more.
+* Native Markdown and Emacs Org-Mode support, as well as other languages via *external helpers* (see [supported formats])
+* TOML, YAML, and JSON metadata support in [front matter]
+* Customizable [homepage]
+* Multiple [content types]
+* Automatic and user defined [content summaries]
+* [Shortcodes] to enable rich content inside of Markdown
+* ["Minutes to Read"][pagevars] functionality
+* ["WordCount"][pagevars] functionality

-[Modules]
-: Reduce development time and cost by creating or importing packaged combinations of archetypes, assets, content, data, templates, translation tables, static files, or configuration settings. A module may serve as the basis for a new site, or to augment an existing site.
+## Additional features

-[Privacy]
-: Configure the behavior of Hugo's embedded templates and shortcodes to facilitate compliance with regional privacy regulations, including the [GDPR] and [CCPA].
+* Integrated [Disqus] comment support
+* Integrated [Google Analytics] support
+* Automatic [RSS] creation
+* Support for [Go] HTML templates
+* [Syntax highlighting] powered by [Chroma]

-[Security]
-: Hugo's security model is based on the premise that template and configuration authors are trusted, but content authors are not. This model enables generation of HTML output safe against code injection. Other protections prevent "shelling out" to arbitrary applications, limit access to specific environment variables, prevent connections to arbitrary remote data sources, and more.
-
-## Content authoring
-
-[Content formats]
-: Create your content using Markdown, HTML, AsciiDoc, Emacs Org Mode, Pandoc, or reStructuredText. Markdown is the default content format, conforming to the [CommonMark] and [GitHub Flavored Markdown] specifications.
-
-[Markdown attributes]
-: Apply HTML attributes such as `class` and `id` to Markdown images and block elements including blockquotes, fenced code blocks, headings, horizontal rules, lists, paragraphs, and tables.
-
-[Markdown extensions]
-: Leverage the embedded Markdown extensions to create tables, definition lists, footnotes, task lists, inserted text, mark text, subscripts, superscripts, and more.
-
-[Markdown render hooks]
-: Override the conversion of Markdown to HTML when rendering fenced code blocks, headings, images, and links. For example, render every standalone image as an HTML `figure` element.
-
-[Diagrams]
-: Use fenced code blocks and Markdown render hooks to include diagrams in your content.
-
-[Mathematics]
-: Include mathematical equations and expressions in Markdown using LaTeX or TeX typesetting syntax.
-
-[Syntax highlighting]
-: Syntactically highlight code examples using Hugo's embedded syntax highlighter, enabled by default for fenced code blocks in Markdown. The syntax highlighter supports hundreds of code languages and dozens of styles.
-
-[Shortcodes]
-: Use Hugo's embedded shortcodes, or create your own, to insert complex content. For example, use shortcodes to include `audio` and `video` elements, render tables from local or remote data sources, insert snippets from other  pages, and more.
-
-## Content management
-
-[Content adapters]
-: Create content adapters to dynamically add content when building your site. For example, use a content adapter to create pages from a remote data source such as JSON, TOML, YAML, or XML.
-
-[Taxonomies]
-: Classify content to establish simple or complex logical relationships between pages. For example, create an authors taxonomy, and assign one or more authors to each page. Among other uses, the taxonomy system provides an inverted, weighted index to render a list of related pages, ordered by relevance.
-
-[Data]
-: Augment your content using local or remote data sources including CSV, JSON, TOML, YAML, and XML. For example, create a shortcode to render an HTML table from a remote CSV file.
-
-[Menus]
-: Provide rapid access to content via Hugo's menu system, configured automatically, globally, or on a page-by-page basis. The menu system is a key component of Hugo's multilingual architecture.
-
-[URL management]
-: Serve any page from any path via global configuration or on a page-by-page basis.
-
-
-## Asset pipelines
-
-[CSS bundling]
-: Transpile Sass to CSS, bundle, tree shake, minify, create source maps, perform SRI hashing, and integrate with PostCSS.
-
-[JavaScript bundling]
-: Transpile TypeScript and JSX to JavaScript, bundle, tree shake, minify, create source maps, and perform SRI hashing.
-
-[Image processing]
-: Convert, resize, crop, rotate,  adjust colors, apply filters, overlay text and images, and extract EXIF data.
-
-## Performance
-
-[Caching]
-: Reduce build time and cost by rendering a partial template once then cache the result, either globally or within a given context. For example, cache the result of an asset pipeline to prevent reprocessing on every rendered page.
-
-[Segmentation]
-: Reduce build time and cost by partitioning your sites into segments. For example, render the home page and the "news section" every hour, and render the entire site once a week.
-
-[Minification]
-: Minify HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to reduce file size, bandwidth consumption, and loading times.
-
-[CCPA]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Consumer_Privacy_Act
-[CSS bundling]: /functions/resources/tocss/
-[Caching]: /functions/partials/includecached/
-[CommonMark]: https://spec.commonmark.org/current/
-[Content adapters]: /content-management/content-adapters/
-[Content formats]: /content-management/formats/
-[Data]: /content-management/data-sources/
-[Diagrams]: /content-management/diagrams/
-[GDPR]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation
-[GitHub Flavored Markdown]: https://github.github.com/gfm/
-[Image processing]: /content-management/image-processing/
-[JavaScript bundling]: /functions/js/build/
-[Markdown attributes]: /content-management/markdown-attributes/
-[Markdown extensions]: /getting-started/configuration-markup/#goldmark-extensions
-[Markdown render hooks]: /render-hooks/introduction/
-[Mathematics]: /content-management/mathematics/
-[Menus]: /content-management/menus/
-[Minification]: /getting-started/configuration/#configure-minify
-[Modules]: https://gohugo.io/hugo-modules/
-[Multilingual]: /content-management/multilingual/
-[Multiplatform]: /installation/
-[Output formats]: /templates/output-formats/
-[Privacy]: /about/privacy/
-[Security]: /about/security/
-[Segmentation]: /getting-started/configuration/#configure-segments
+[aliases]: /content-management/urls/#aliases
+[Chroma]: https://github.com/alecthomas/chroma
+[content summaries]: /content-management/summaries/
+[content types]: /content-management/types/
+[Disqus]: https://disqus.com/
+[Dynamic menu]: /templates/menu-templates/
+[Extremely fast]: https://github.com/bep/hugo-benchmark
+[front matter]: /content-management/front-matter/
+[functions]: /functions/
+[Go]: https://pkg.go.dev/html/template
+[Google Analytics]: https://google-analytics.com/
+[homepage]: /templates/homepage/
+[hostanywhere]: /hosting-and-deployment/
+[install]: /installation/
+[LiveReload]: /getting-started/usage/
+[organization for your projects]: /getting-started/directory-structure/
+[pagevars]: /variables/page/
+[Permalink]: /content-management/urls/#permalinks
+[Powerful theming]: /hugo-modules/theme-components/
+[Pretty URLs]: /content-management/urls/
+[RSS]: /templates/rss/
 [Shortcodes]: /content-management/shortcodes/
+[sort content]: /templates/
+[supported formats]: /content-management/formats/
 [Syntax highlighting]: /content-management/syntax-highlighting/
-[Taxonomies]: /content-management/taxonomies/
-[Templates]: templates/introduction/
-[Themes]: https://themes.gohugo.io/
-[URL management]: /content-management/urls/
+[table of contents]: /content-management/toc/
+[taxonomies]: /content-management/taxonomies/
+[URLs]: /content-management/urls/
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 ---
-title: Privacy
-linkTitle: Privacy
-description: Configure your site to facilitate compliance with regional privacy regulations.
+title: Hugo and the General Data Protection Regulation
+linkTitle: Hugo and the GDPR
+description: About how to configure your Hugo site to meet the new regulations.
 categories: [about]
 keywords: ["GDPR", "Privacy", "Data Protection"]
 menu:
  docs:
    parent: about
-    weight: 40
-weight: 40
+    weight: 60
+weight: 60
 toc: true
-aliases: [/gdpr/,/about/hugo-and-gdpr/]
+aliases: [/privacy/,/gdpr/]
 ---

 General Data Protection Regulation ([GDPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation)) is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy for all individuals within the European Union and the European Economic Area. It became enforceable on 25 May 2018.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ aliases: [/gdpr/,/about/hugo-and-gdpr/]
 Note that:

 * These settings have their defaults setting set to _off_, i.e. how it worked before Hugo `0.41`. You must do your own evaluation of your site and apply the appropriate settings.
- * These settings work with the [embedded templates](/templates/embedded/). Some theme may contain custom templates for embedding services like Google Analytics. In that case these options have no effect.
+ * These settings work with the [internal templates](/templates/internal/). Some theme may contain custom templates for embedding services like Google Analytics. In that case these options have no effect.
 * We will continue this work and improve this further in future Hugo versions.

 ## All privacy settings
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ disable = false
 [privacy.googleAnalytics]
 disable = false
 respectDoNotTrack = false
+anonymizeIP = false
+useSessionStorage = false
 [privacy.instagram]
 disable = false
 simple = false
@@ -76,9 +78,19 @@ disable = true

 ### GoogleAnalytics

+anonymizeIP
+: Enabling this will make it so the users' IP addresses are anonymized within Google Analytics.
+
 respectDoNotTrack
 : Enabling this will make the GA templates respect the "Do Not Track" HTTP header.

+useSessionStorage
+: Enabling this will disable the use of Cookies and use Session Storage to Store the GA Client ID.
+
+{{% note %}}
+`useSessionStorage` is not supported when using Google Analytics v4 (gtag.js).
+{{% /note %}}
+
 ### Instagram

 simple
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
---
-title: Introduction
-description: Hugo is a static site generator written in Go, optimized for speed and designed for flexibility. 
-categories: [about]
-keywords: []
-menu:
-  docs:
-    identifier: about-introduction
-    parent: about
-    weight: 20
-weight: 20
-aliases: [/about/what-is-hugo/,/about/benefits/]
---
-
-Hugo is a [static site generator] written in [Go], optimized for speed and designed for flexibility. With its advanced templating system and fast asset pipelines, Hugo renders a complete site in seconds, often less.
-
-Due to its flexible framework, multilingual support, and powerful taxonomy system, Hugo is widely used to create:
-
- Corporate, government, nonprofit, education, news, event, and project sites
- Documentation sites
- Image portfolios
- Landing pages
- Business, professional, and personal blogs
- Resumes and CVs
-
-Use Hugo's embedded web server during development to instantly see changes to content, structure, behavior, and presentation. Then deploy the site to your host, or push changes to your Git provider for automated builds and deployment.
-
-And with [Hugo Modules], you can share content, assets, data, translations, themes, templates, and configuration with other projects via public or private Git repositories.
-
-Learn more about Hugo's [features], [privacy protections], and [security model].
-
-[Go]: https://go.dev
-[Hugo Modules]: /hugo-modules/
-[static site generator]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_site_generator
-[features]: /about/features
-[security model]: /about/security
-[privacy protections]: /about/privacy
-
-{{< youtube 0RKpf3rK57I >}}
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 title: License
 description: Hugo is released under the Apache 2.0 license.
 categories: [about]
-keywords: [apache]
+keywords: [license,apache]
 menu:
  docs:
    parent: about
-    weight: 60
-weight: 60
+    weight: 70
+weight: 70
 ---

 ## Apache License
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
-title: Security model
-linkTitle: Security 
+title: Hugo's security model
 description: A summary of Hugo's security model.
 categories: [about]
 keywords: [security,privacy]
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ menu:
    weight: 50
 weight: 50
 toc: true
-aliases: [/about/security-model/]
+aliases: [/security/]
 ---

 ## Runtime security
@@ -22,8 +21,9 @@ But when developing and building your site, the runtime is the `hugo` executable
 **Hugo's main approach is that of sandboxing and a security policy with strict defaults:**

 * Hugo has a virtual file system and only the main project (not third-party components) is allowed to mount directories or files outside the project root.
+* Only the main project can walk symbolic links.
 * User-defined components have read-only access to the filesystem.
-* We shell out to some external binaries to support [Asciidoctor](/content-management/formats/#formats) and similar, but those binaries and their flags are predefined and disabled by default (see [Security Policy](#security-policy)). General functions to run arbitrary external OS commands have been [discussed](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/796), but not implemented because of security concerns.
+* We shell out to some external binaries to support [Asciidoctor](/content-management/formats/#list-of-content-formats) and similar, but those binaries and their flags are predefined and disabled by default (see [Security Policy](#security-policy)). General functions to run arbitrary external OS commands have been [discussed](https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/issues/796), but not implemented because of security concerns.

 ## Security policy

@@ -33,16 +33,7 @@ The default configuration is listed below. Any build using features not in the a

 {{< code-toggle config=security />}}

-By default, Hugo permits the [`resources.GetRemote`] function to download files with media types corresponding to an internal allow list. To add media types to the allow list:
-
-[`resources.GetRemote`]: /functions/resources/getremote
-
-{{< code-toggle file=hugo >}}
-[security.http]
-mediaTypes = ['^image/avif$']
-{{< /code-toggle >}}
-
-Note that these and other configuration settings in Hugo can be overridden by the OS environment. For example, if you want to block all remote HTTP fetching of data:
+Note that these and other configuration settings in Hugo can be overridden by the OS environment. If you want to block all remote HTTP fetching of data:

 ```txt
 HUGO_SECURITY_HTTP_URLS=none hugo
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+title: What is Hugo
+description: Hugo is a fast and modern static site generator written in Go, and designed to make website creation fun again.
+categories: [about]
+keywords: []
+menu:
+  docs:
+    parent: about
+    weight: 20
+weight: 20
+toc: true
+aliases: [/overview/introduction/,/about/why-i-built-hugo/]
+---
+
+Hugo is a general-purpose website framework. Technically speaking, Hugo is a [static site generator]. Unlike systems that dynamically build a page with each visitor request, Hugo builds pages when you create or update your content. Since websites are viewed far more often than they are edited, Hugo is designed to provide an optimal viewing experience for your website's end users and an ideal writing experience for website authors.
+
+Websites built with Hugo are extremely fast and secure. Hugo sites can be hosted anywhere, including [Netlify], [Heroku], [GoDaddy], [DreamHost], [GitHub Pages], [GitLab Pages], [Surge], [Firebase], [Google Cloud Storage], [Amazon S3], [Rackspace], [Azure], and [CloudFront] and work well with CDNs. Hugo sites run without the need for a database or dependencies on expensive runtimes like Ruby, Python, or PHP.
+
+We think of Hugo as the ideal website creation tool with nearly instant build times, able to rebuild whenever a change is made.
+
+## How fast is Hugo?
+
+{{< youtube "CdiDYZ51a2o" >}}
+
+## What does Hugo do?
+
+In technical terms, Hugo takes a source directory of files and templates and uses these as input to create a complete website.
+
+## Who should use Hugo?
+
+Hugo is for people that prefer writing in a text editor over a browser.
+
+Hugo is for people who want to hand code their own website without worrying about setting up complicated runtimes, dependencies and databases.
+
+Hugo is for people building a blog, a company site, a portfolio site, documentation, a single landing page, or a website with thousands of pages.
+
+[@spf13]: https://twitter.com/spf13
+[Amazon S3]: https://aws.amazon.com/s3/
+[Azure]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/storage-blob-static-website
+[CloudFront]: https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/
+[DreamHost]: https://www.dreamhost.com/
+[Firebase]: https://firebase.google.com/docs/hosting/
+[GitHub Pages]: https://pages.github.com/
+[GitLab Pages]: https://about.gitlab.com/features/pages/
+[Go language]: https://go.dev/
+[GoDaddy]: https://www.godaddy.com/
+[Google Cloud Storage]: https://cloud.google.com/storage/
+[Heroku]: https://www.heroku.com/
+[Jekyll]: https://jekyllrb.com/
+[Middleman]: https://middlemanapp.com/
+[Nanoc]: https://nanoc.ws/
+[Netlify]: https://netlify.com
+[Rackspace]: https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/files
+[Surge]: https://surge.sh
+[contributing to it]: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo
+[rackspace]: https://www.rackspace.com/openstack/public/files
+[static site generator]: /about/benefits/
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ hugo [flags]
      --printUnusedTemplates       print warnings on unused templates.
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
      --renderSegments strings     named segments to render (configured in the segments config)
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --templateMetrics            display metrics about template executions
      --templateMetricsHints       calculate some improvement hints when combined with --templateMetrics
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ See each sub-command's help for details on how to use the generated script.
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ hugo completion bash
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ hugo completion fish [flags]
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ hugo completion powershell [flags]
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ hugo completion zsh [flags]
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ hugo config [command] [flags]
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ hugo config mounts [flags] [args]
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ See convert's subcommands toJSON, toTOML and toYAML for more information.
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ hugo convert toJSON [flags] [args]
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
  -o, --output string              filesystem path to write files to
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
      --unsafe                     enable less safe operations, please backup first
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ hugo convert toTOML [flags] [args]
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
  -o, --output string              filesystem path to write files to
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
      --unsafe                     enable less safe operations, please backup first
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ hugo convert toYAML [flags] [args]
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
  -o, --output string              filesystem path to write files to
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
      --unsafe                     enable less safe operations, please backup first
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ hugo deploy [flags] [args]
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ hugo env [flags] [args]
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ A collection of several useful generators.
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ hugo gen chromastyles [flags] [args]
 ### Options

 ```
-  -h, --help                            help for chromastyles
-      --highlightStyle string           foreground and background colors for highlighted lines, e.g. --highlightStyle "#fff000 bg:#000fff"
-      --lineNumbersInlineStyle string   foreground and background colors for inline line numbers, e.g. --lineNumbersInlineStyle "#fff000 bg:#000fff"
-      --lineNumbersTableStyle string    foreground and background colors for table line numbers, e.g. --lineNumbersTableStyle "#fff000 bg:#000fff"
-      --style string                    highlighter style (see https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/) (default "friendly")
+  -h, --help                    help for chromastyles
+      --highlightStyle string   style used for highlighting lines (see https://github.com/alecthomas/chroma)
+      --linesStyle string       style used for line numbers (see https://github.com/alecthomas/chroma)
+      --style string            highlighter style (see https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/) (default "friendly")
 ```

 ### Options inherited from parent commands
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ hugo gen chromastyles [flags] [args]
      --ignoreVendorPaths string   ignores any _vendor for module paths matching the given Glob pattern
      --logLevel string            log level (debug|info|warn|error)
      --quiet                      build in quiet mode
-  -M, --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
+      --renderToMemory             render to memory (mostly useful when running the server)
  -s, --source string              filesystem path to read files relative from
      --themesDir string           filesystem path to themes directory
  -v, --verbose                    verbose output
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="64" height="64" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 0C5.374 0 0 5.373 0 12c0 5.302 3.438 9.8 8.207 11.387.599.111.793-.261.793-.577v-2.234c-3.338.726-4.033-1.416-4.033-1.416-.546-1.387-1.333-1.756-1.333-1.756-1.089-.745.083-.729.083-.729 1.205.084 1.839 1.237 1.839 1.237 1.07 1.834 2.807 1.304 3.492.997.107-.775.418-1.305.762-1.604-2.665-.305-5.467-1.334-5.467-5.931 0-1.311.469-2.381 1.236-3.221-.124-.303-.535-1.524.117-3.176 0 0 1.008-.322 3.301 1.23A11.5 11.5 0 0 1 12 5.803c1.02.005 2.047.138 3.006.404 2.291-1.552 3.297-1.23 3.297-1.23.653 1.653.242 2.874.118 3.176.77.84 1.235 1.911 1.235 3.221 0 4.609-2.807 5.624-5.479 5.921.43.372.823 1.102.823 2.222v3.293c0 .319.192.694.801.576C20.566 21.797 24 17.3 24 12c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg>